SMART PHARMACY MONITORING SYSTEM BASED ON MQTT PROTOCOL USING RFID AND RASPBERRY PI

Smart mobile pharmacy has become a necessary requirement in improving the quality of healthy life in the last five years. Determining the type of medication and calculating the dose for each patient according to the patient's condition, monitoring the patient at the post and how to take the doses on time have a great effect on improving the patient's condition as soon as possible.In this paper, a system of monitoring, monitoring, and guidance based on potency management have been designed to contain a cloud data storage platform and its implementation to solve the above problem.The system is achieved by connecting each item (Medicine bottle) to a device (RFID) to verify that the patient has arrived in the bottle the correct medicine and is equipped with suppression of the treatment of the drug contains the sensors of weight to be sent all information to the control unit to be over the Internet through the routing portal.All data is stored in the first two data folders, which are static and the second is mobile. Synchronization between the two stations is performed to update the information and will be executed on a server that uses an MQTT protocol to register and integrate messages on the platform. The results of the experiment show the speed of guidance and reduce cost and reduce energy

Weight status during and after childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

Background: This thesis sits within the arena of weight status during and after childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), with a particular focus on the prevalence of unhealthy weight status amongst (ALL), Saudi and UK populations. Each chapter in the thesis explores different aspects of unhealthy weight status in ALL which had been highlighted as gaps in the literature at a conference in Puebla, Mexico, at the end of 2006. A summary of each study is given below. Study 1: Background: This study estimated prevalence of unhealthy weight status and metabolic syndrome (MS) amongst Saudi survivors of standard risk ALL. Methods: We recruited 56 survivors, mean age 13.4 years (SD 4.1), a mean of 9.1 years (SD 4.1) post-diagnosis. The BMI for age was used to define weight status relative to national (Saudi) and international (Cole et al., International Obesity Task Force (IOTF), World Health Organisation (WHO), and Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)) reference data. We measured body composition by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), waist circumference, blood pressure, lipid profile (HDL-C, Triglycerides), fasting glucose and insulin. Results: According to international definitions based on BMI for age, around half of the sample had unhealthy weight status. All of the approaches based on BMI for age underestimated over-fatness, present in 27/51 (53%) of the sample according to DXA. Prevalence of MS was 7.1% (3/42 of those over 9-years old) and 5.4% (3/56) by applying the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) definition and National Cholesterol Education Program Third Adult Treatment panel Guidelines (NCEP III), respectively. However, MS by the NCEP III definition was present in 19% of the overweight and obese survivors and 7.1% of the sample had at least two of the components of MS. Conclusions: Unhealthy body weight and over-fatness may be common amongst adolescent Saudi survivors of standard risk ALL, though overweight and obesity may be no more common than in the general Saudi adolescent population. Defining weight status using BMI underestimates over-fatness in this population, as in other populations. Study 2: Background: Underweight, overweight, and obesity at diagnosis may all worsen prognosis in childhood ALL, but no studies have estimated prevalence of unhealthy weight status at diagnosis in large representative samples using contemporary definitions of weight status based on BMI for age. Methods: Retrospective study which aimed to estimate prevalence of underweight, overweight, and obesity at diagnosis for patients with childhood ALL on three successive UK treatment trials: UKALL X (1985-1990, n 1033), UKALL XI (1990- 1997, n 2031), UKALL 97/97-99 (1997-2002, n 898) .The BMI for age was used to define weight status with both UK 1990 BMI for age reference data and the IOTF definitions. Results: Prevalence of underweight was 6% in the most recent trial for which data were available. Prevalence of overweight and obesity was 35% in the most recent trial when expressed using IOTF definitions; 41% when expressed relative to UK 1990 reference data. Conclusions: Even with highly conservative estimates >40% of all UK patients with ALL were underweight, overweight, or obese at diagnosis in the most recent trial for which UK data are available (UKALL 97/99, 1997-2002). Study 3: Background: This study tested the hypothesis that overweight/obesity at diagnosis of childhood ALL was related to risk of relapse. Methods and results: In a national cohort of 1033 patients from the UK there was no evidence that weight status at diagnosis was related significantly to risk of relapse: log ranks test (p value= 0.90) with overweight and obesity as the exposure (n 917); individual (p value= 0.42) and stepwise (p value= 0.96) proportional hazards models, with BMI z score as the exposure (n 1033). Conclusion: The study does not support the hypothesis that overweight/obesity at diagnosis impairs prognosis in childhood ALL in the UK. Study 4: Background: In the sample of Saudi patients recruited to study 1 we compared DXA whole body and lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) using manufacturers software with a body size correction which derived bone mineral content (BMC) for bone area and Apparent bone mineral density of lumbar spine (BMADLS). Methods and results: The survivors of ALL were from Saudi Arabia (n 51, mean age 13.5 years). With no corrections, 29 patients (57%) had lumbar spine BMD z score < -1.0 and 21 (41%) had whole body BMD z score < -2. After correction, by using BMC for bone area method only 6 (12%) had lumbar spine BMC z score <-1.0 and 4 (8%) had whole body BMC z score <-2. By using BMADLS method, 18 (35%) had BMC <-1.0 and 6 (11%) had BMC Z score <-2. Conclusions: Correction for body size seems essential to accurate interpretation of DXA bone health data in adolescent survivors of ALL. The three correction methods provided different conclusions, but bone health remains a concern after treatment for ALL

Towards Urban City with Sustainable Buildings: A Model for Dhaka City, Bangladesh

Dhaka has experienced high economic growth escorted by rapid urbanization. Physical infrastructures of Dhaka city growing day by day with the swiftness of rapid urbanization. It revealed that most of the physical infrastructures i.e. buildings of Dhaka city did not follow the characteristics of sustainability resulting significant threats to well beings.  In this perspective, ensuring sustainability in building is time worthy issue in Bangladesh. This paper tried to address the issues of sustainable building as well as propose a sustainable and smart design which will swathe criteria of environment, social and economic sustainability for Dhaka city. If the majority of the objects of proposed design are met, the building will be more probable to meet the changing requirements of the settlers, as well as make it a more sustainable, protected, secure, efficient and environmentally friendly place in which to stay. Keywords: Dhaka city, Smart materials, Sustainable design, Sustainable building

Green Product and Process Innovation, Corporate Environmental Ethics and Competitive Advantages among Manufacturing Firms in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

The prime objective of the study is to examine the impact of green product innovation, green process innovation, and corporate environmental ethics on the competitive advantages of Saudi manufacturing firms. In addition to that, the study has also planned to examine the mediating role of corporate environmental ethics and moderating role of corporate environmental management in the relationship between green product innovation, green process innovation, and competitive advantages of Saudi manufacturing. This study used a quantitative approach to research with a cross-sectional method for the collection of data. This study used purposive sampling for the collection of data from the production managers of the manufacturing industry of KSA. The participation of the production managers in current was on a volunteer base. A structured questionnaire was used to gather the data from the respondents. The scale item for all constructs was adapted from the previous studies and measured on a 5-point Likert scale. “Partial Least Squares” (PLS) method of analysis was employed for the analysis of the research model using the Smart-PLS (Ringle et al., 2020). The present study found out that if a firm is consistent about investing more in CEE, the KSA manufacturing industry would witness improvement in their GRpdI and competitive advantage. Thus, these findings can be utilized by the manufacturing industries in KSA. By observing the environmentalism approach of consumers and strict rules at the international level, the firms shouldn't avoid their environmental duties. This study intends to fulfill the purpose of contributing to managers of the manufacturing industry of KSA, their researchers and policy formulators which may further contribute to their respective areas

IDHOCNET-A Novel Protocol Stack and Architecture for Ad hoc Networks

Presently employed Internet Protocol (IP) stack possesses number of architectural problems. The issues like Dual/Overriding role of IP addresses, mobility, multi-homing etc are the limitations for the infrastructure oriented networks which even have support of Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), Domain Name System (DNS), Network Address Translation (NAT) servers, etc. Such issues are extremely complex to handle in the case of multi-hop wireless ad hoc networks which lack the support of any infrastructure component. The contemporary research direction for the improvement of present Internet architecture mainly focuses on the use of real identifiers instead of IP addresses for host identification in the network. However, the proposed architectures mostly discuss the infrastructure oriented network models and minimal research has been conducted in the direction of proposals for ad hoc networks.  In this paper we provide a thorough discussion on the practical usage issues of IP based ad hoc network implementation. In order to resolve the present limitations of ad hoc networks, we describe an implementation of a novel identifier based ad hoc network protocol stack and architecture known as IDHOCNET (Identifier based ad hoc network). The architecture proposes a novel paradigm of identifier based applications for multi-hop wireless ad hoc environment. The proposed system further provides backward compatibility to support co-existence with IP based applications. As a proof of concept, the architecture has been implemented on Linux platform with WiFi interfaces. Various practical scenarios with architectural insight are presented to demonstrate the practicability of the proposed approach

A Proposal to Include the Image of the Saudi Personality in Middle School English Books in Light of Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030

The study aimed to identify a picture of the Saudi personality in light of Saudi Arabia’s vision 2030 to reveal the level of inclusion of the Saudi profile in light of Saudi Arabia’s vision 2030 in middle school English books and then to present a proposed vision to include a picture of the Saudi character in light of Saudi Arabia’s vision 2030 in middle school English books. The study followed the descriptive approach to content analysis, the content analysis card was used as a study tool, and the study sample was made up of all six middle school English books. The study found the following results: The identification of the Saudi personality in the light of Saudi Arabia’s vision 2030 was made up of five dimensions: (religious dimension, after the kingdom’s flag and logo, cultural dimension, social dimension, economic dimension). The most available element in middle-grade English books was “national dress” within the cultural dimension (26.39%) of the total number of lessons

Examining the extent of and drivers for materiality assessment disclosures in sustainability reports

Purpose: This paper aims to evaluate the extent of materiality assessment disclosures in sustainability reports and their determinants. The study examines the disclosure practices of listed companies based in the member states of the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf, colloquially referred to as the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). Design/methodology/approach: First, the materiality assessment disclosures were scored through a content analysis of sustainability reports published by listed GCC companies during a five-year period from 2013 to 2017. Second, a fixed effect ordered logic regression was used to examine the determinants of materiality assessment disclosures. Findings: While sustainability reporting rates improved across the sample period, a significant majority of listed GCC companies do not engage in sustainability reporting. The use of internationally recognised standards has also declined. While reporters provide more information on their materiality assessment, the number of sustainability reports that offer information on how the reporter identifies material issues has declined. These trends potentially indicate the existence of managerial capture. Materiality assessment disclosure scores are positively influenced by higher financial performance (Return on Assets), lower leverage and better corporate governance. However, company size and market-to-book ratio do not influence materiality assessment disclosures. Practical implications: The findings may prove useful to managers responsible for preparing sustainability reports who can benefit from the examples of materiality assessment disclosures. An evaluation of the materiality assessment should be included in the scope of assurance engagements and practitioners can use the examples of best practice when evaluating sustainability reports. Stock exchanges may consider developing improved corporate governance guidelines as these will lead to materiality assessment disclosures. Social implications: The findings may assist in improving sustainability reporting quality, through better materiality assessment disclosures. This will allow corporate stakeholders to evaluate the reporting entities underlying processes, which leads to transparency and corporate accountability. Improved corporate sustainability reporting supports the GCC commitment to implement the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and transition to sustainable development. Originality/value: This study addresses the call for greater research examining materiality within a sustainability reporting context. This is the first paper to examine sustainability reporting quality in the GCC region, focussing particularly on materiality assessment disclosures

Structure–function analysis of yeast RNA debranching enzyme (Dbr1), a manganese-dependent phosphodiesterase

Saccharomyces cerevisiae Dbr1 is a 405-amino acid RNA debranching enzyme that cleaves the 2′-5′ phosphodiester bonds of the lariat introns formed during pre-mRNA splicing. Debranching appears to be a rate-limiting step for the turnover of intronic RNA, insofar as the steady-state levels of lariat introns are greatly increased in a Δdbr1 strain. To gain insight to the requirements for yeast Dbr1 function, we performed a mutational analysis of 28 amino acids that are conserved in Dbr1 homologs from other organisms. We identified 13 residues (His13, Asp40, Arg45, Asp49, Tyr68, Tyr69, Asn85, His86, Glu87, His179, Asp180, His231 and His233) at which alanine substitutions resulted in lariat intron accumulation in vivo. Conservative replacements at these positions were introduced to illuminate structure–activity relationships. Residues important for Dbr1 function include putative counterparts of the amino acids that comprise the active site of the metallophosphoesterase superfamily, exemplified by the DNA phosphodiesterase Mre11. Using natural lariat RNAs and synthetic branched RNAs as substrates, we found that mutation of Asp40, Asn85, His86, His179, His231 or His233 to alanine abolishes or greatly diminishes debranching activity in vitro. Dbr1 sediments as a monomer and requires manganese as the metal cofactor for debranching