El currículo de inglés en las universidades iraníes: ¿tiene en cuenta las inteligencias múltiples de los alumnos?

The purpose of present study was to evaluate English language teaching program of Iranian universities to see to what extent MI theory has been implemented in educational system. As Marsh (1997) holds “curriculum starts as a plan; it only becomes a reality when teachers implement it with real students in a real classroom" (cited in Anthony, 2008: 77). Since teachers and textbooks are manifestations of education in curriculum, the study intended to investigate how the content of textbooks represents multiple intelligences. In particular, it sought to indicate if the textbooks covered all types of multiple intelligences in line with university disciplines of students. Also, in order to find if MI theory is implemented in the program, a series of semistructured interviews were conducted with university instructors of English. The aim of interviews was to find if instructors apply principles of MI in their classes. The results of this quantitative-qualitative study revealed that ELT textbooks covered a limited range of multiple intelligences i.e. mostly verbal/linguistics intelligence. In addition, the study indicated that MI principles are not applied in the English language classroom. Based on the views of instructors, some suggestions would be made regarding implementing MI in the English language curriculum. The results may be used as a guide for developing teacher education programs in Iran and other countries which are going to implement MI principles in their ELT curriculums. It is hoped that the findings will have an impact on policy makers as well as instructors’ concerns about curriculum reform in universities.El propósito del presente estudio fue evaluar la Enseñanza de Inglés en el plan de estudios de las universidades iraníes para ver en qué medida la teoría sobre MI se ha implementado en su sistema educativo. Como sostiene Marsh, (1997): “el currículo se inicia como un plan, sólo se convierte en una realidad cuando los maestros lo ponen en práctica con alumnos reales en un aula real” (citado en Anthony, 2008:77). Puesto que los profesores y los libros de texto son manifestaciones de la educación en el currículo, el estudio pretendía investigar cómo el contenido de los libros de texto representan las Inteligencias múltiples. En particular, se intentaba indicar si los libros de texto cubrían todos los tipos de inteligencias múltiples en línea con las disciplinas universitarias de los estudiantes. Además, con el fin de averiguar si las MI se implementan en el plan de estudios, se realizaron una serie de entrevistas semiestructuradas con profesores universitarios de inglés a fin de determinar si se aplican los principios de las MI en sus clases. Los resultados de este estudio cualitativocuantitativo reveló que los libros de ELT cubren una gama limitada de las inteligencias múltiples es decir, sobre todo la inteligencia verbal/lingüística. Además, el estudio indicó que los principios de MI no se aplican en el aula de inglés. Sobre la base de las opiniones de los instructores, se hicieron algunas sugerencias sobre la aplicación de MI en el plan de estudios. En cuanto a la evaluación de libros de texto en términos de contenido, también se han ofrecido algunas sugerencias para mejorar el contenido de los mismos. Los resultados pueden usarse como una guía para el desarrollo de programas de educación docente en Irán y otros países que van a poner en práctica principios de salud mental en su plan de estudios. Se espera que los resultados tengan un impacto en los responsables políticos, así como las preocupaciones de los instructores sobre la reforma curricular en las universidades

Olvido del vocabulario, representaciones de la memoria en la L1 y L2 y tiempo sin practicar el inglés: investigación de las posibles relaciones

This article aims to investigate the loss of vocabulary after years of English disuse among Iranian teachers. Specifically, it strives to find the effect of period of English disuse on lexical attrition of graduated teachers, and also the cut-of point for lexical attrition in relation to years of English disuse. In addition, it tries to examine if after years of English disuse, teachers will perform better in Persian to English translation or English to Persian translation. 210 teachers participated in the study. Two translation tasks were employed for eliciting the data. The findings of the study revealed that Iranian teachers forget more than 50% of their word knowledge after 2 years and 90% of this knowledge will fade after 8 years. Also, it was found that after years of English disuse, English to Persian translation attrition was less than attrition in Persian to English translation. Some implications would be suggested for decreasing the degree of attrition among Iranian teachers.Este artículo tiene como objetivo investigar la pérdida de vocabulario después de años de desuso del inglés entre los docentes iranies. En concreto, se esfuerza por encontrar el efecto del periodo de desuso del inglés sobre la disminución natural del léxico en los docentes graduados, y también el punto de inflexión de la pérdida de léxico en relación con los años de desuso del inglés.In addition, it tried to examine if after years of English disuse, students will perform better in Persian to English translation or English to Persian translation. Además, trata de examinar si después de años de desuso del inglés los estudiantes se desenvuelven mejor en la traducción del persa al inglés o del inglés al persa. 210 profesores participaron en el estudio. Two translation tasks were employed for eliciting the data. Dos tareas de traducción se emplearon para recabar la información. The findings of the study revealed that there is a meaningful relationship between vocabulary attrition and years of English disuse. Los resultados del estudio revelaron que los profesores iraníes olvidaron más del cincuenta por ciento de su vocabulario después de dos años y el noventa tras ocho años. Also, it was found that after years of English disuse, English to Persian translation attrition was less than attrition in Persian to English translation. Some implications would be suggested for decreasing the degree of attrition among Iranian teachers. Además, se encontró que después de años de desuso del inglés, la pérdida en la traducción del inglés al persa era menor que la del persa al inglés. Se sugieren algunas actuaciones para disminuir el grado de desgaste entre los docentes iraníes

ELECTRODEPOSITION OF ONE DIMENSIONAL ZNO NANOSTRUCTURES

Ph.DDOCTOR OF PHILOSOPH

Nasal and Paranasal Sinuses Anatomical Variations in Patients with and without Chronic Rhinosinusitis

Background: The development of computed tomography (CT) technique results in development in visualization of the anatomic structures of the lateral nasal wall. It allows the anatomic variations of this region to be identified precisely, which is important in surgical treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis.Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of anatomic variations of the lateral nasal wall in a group of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and to compare these results with control group.Methods: One hundred patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and 50 control subjects who were referred to Loghman Hakim general hospital, Tehran, Iran, included in this retrospective study.Results: High septal deviation, presence of large bulla ethmoidalis and middle turbinate concha bullosa showed to be statistically correlated to increased risk of chronic rhinosinusitis .For other anatomical variations, no statistically significant differences in incidence of chronic rhinosinusitis observed.Conclusion: Relation between anatomical variation and rhinosinusitis was confirmed only for high septal deviation, middle turbinate concha bollusa and large bulla ethmoidalis. Surgical Approach to these variations may have a role in prevention or treatment of rhinosinusitis

Mineral texture identification using local binary patterns equipped with a Classification and Recognition Updating System (CARUS)

In this paper, a rotation-invariant local binary pattern operator equipped with a local contrast measure (riLBPc) is employed to characterize the type of mineral twinning by inspecting the texture properties of crystals. The proposed method uses photomicrographs of minerals and produces LBP histograms, which might be compared with those included in a predefined database using the Kullback–Leibler divergence-based metric. The paper proposes a new LBP-based scheme for concurrent classification and recognition tasks, followed by a novel online updating routine to enhance the locally developed mineral LBP database. The discriminatory power of the proposed Classification and Recognition Updating System (CARUS) for texture identification scheme is verified for plagioclase, orthoclase, microcline, and quartz minerals with sensitivity (TPR) near 99.9%, 87%, 99.9%, and 96%, and accuracy (ACC) equal to about 99%, 97%, 99%, and 99%, respectively. According to the results, the introduced CARUS system is a promising approach that can be applied in a variety of different fields dealing with classification and feature recognition tasks. © 2022 by the authors

English Language in Iran: Why Practice is More Common than Practise?

Present article discusses the history of English language and its role in academic and non-academic context in Iran. The study also tries to investigate why American English is more common among English language learners and teachers in Iran. In order to fulfill the aims of the study,a series of semi-structured interviews were conducted with 55 university professors, high school teachers and English language students. The findings revealed that a number of main factors such as linguistics, political and cultural factors have lead to priority of American English in Academic education of Iran.Key words: English language; American English; Academic educationRésumé: Le présent article traite de l'histoire de la langue anglaise et son rôle dans le contexte académique et non académique en Iran. L'étude tente également de déterminer pourquoi l'anglais américain est plus fréquente chez les apprenants de la langue anglaise et les enseignants en Iran. Afin d'atteindre les objectifs de l'étude, une série d'entretiens semi-structurés ont été menés avec des professeurs d'université, les 55 enseignants du secondaire et aux étudiants en langue anglaise. Les résultats ont révélé qu'un certain nombre de facteurs principaux tels que la linguistique, des facteurs politiques et culturelles ont conduit à la priorité de l'anglais américain dans l'éducation universitaire de l'Iran.Mots clés: Langue anglaise; Amé-anglais, Education universitair

MPI- and CUDA- implementations of modal finite difference method for P-SV wave propagation modeling

Among different discretization approaches, Finite Difference Method (FDM) is widely used for acoustic and elastic full-wave form modeling. An inevitable deficit of the technique, however, is its sever requirement to computational resources. A promising solution is parallelization, where the problem is broken into several segments, and the calculations are distributed over different processors. For the present FD routines, however, such parallelization technique inevitably needs domain-decomposition and inter-core data exchange, due to the coupling of the governing equations. In this study, a new FD-based procedure for seismic wave modeling, named as ‘Modal Finite Difference Method (MFDM)” is introduced, which deals with the simulation in the decoupled modal space; thus, neither domain-decomposition nor inter-core data exchange is anymore required, which greatly simplifies parallelization for both MPI- and CUDA implementations over CPUs and GPUs. With MFDM, it is also possible to simply cut off less-significant modes and run the routine for just the important ones, which will effectively reduce computation and storage costs. The efficiency of the proposed MFDM is shown by some numerical examples

Intraoperative administration of methadone reduced postoperative pain and opioid consumption following cadaveric renal transplantation: a randomized controlled trial

Objective: In this randomized clinical trial study, the impact of prophylactic administration of methadone during surgery on postoperative pain and analgesic requirement following cadaveric renal transplantation was assessed. Methods: Ninety patients were randomized to receive either methadone 0.15 mg/kg or 0.15mg/kg morphine after tracheal intubation. Both groups were treated with acetaminophen 1 gr before extubation. Protocol of anesthesia was the same in both groups and the anesthetist was blinded to the study groups. The primary outcome was defined as total opioid consumption during recovery and first day after surgery. Secondary outcomes were pain scores and level of patients’ sedation during the recovery period and first postoperative day as well as opioid-related complications. Results: Data of eighty-five eligible patients were analyzed. The mean pain and sedation scores were lower in the methadone group compared to the morphine group during recovery and the first 24 hours after surgery. The time of first rescue analgesic requirement was later in the methadone group (10.4 vs 6.3 hours). Also, postoperative morphine consumption was significantly less in the methadone group compared to patients receiving morphine (3.5 vs. 6.9 mg; P < 0.001). Conclusion: Intraoperative administration of methadone decreased postoperative pain scores, reduced opioid consumption after surgery and improved level of sedation during the first 24 hours after surgery

Early clinical experience with a new video laryngoscope (SANYAR®) for tracheal intubation in adults: a comparison clinical study

Objective: SANYAR® video laryngoscope (S-VL) is a new video laryngoscope. We conducted a comparative clinical study to assess its ability to provide laryngeal exposure and facilitate endotrachetal intubation (ETI) in adult patients. Methods: This comparison clinical study was conducted on adult patients undergoing elective general anesthesia. The patients were randomly divided into two groups of direct laryngoscopy (DL) or S-VL. The primary outcome was the time required for performing ETI. The glottic view and successful ETI on the first attempt was also compared between the two groups. Results: Full and partial glottic visualization was achieved in 100% of the patients in the S-VL group, while the corresponding figure in the DL group was 90%. Cormack-Lehane III was observed in 5 patients of the DL group, and ETI was successfully carried out with S-VL. The first-pass success rate of ETI was significantly higher in S-VL group compared to the DL group (94% vs. 78%; P = 0.034). The mean times to ETI were 38.32±6.4 and 35.31±8.4 seconds in DL and S-VL groups, respectively (P = 0.650). Conclusions: During ETI for general anesthesia, SANYAR® video laryngoscope compared with direct laryngoscopy improved glottic visualization and first-pass ETI rate

Subject: Risk Factors, Strategy Prevention and Treatment of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries in Female Athletes

Studies your target reviews of risk factors and preventive maintenance and also treatment for harm reduction anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) assigned to  help women's sports society. Female athletes with ACL injury such as psychological and emotional problems, social and medical costs high and physical is confronted. So the purpose of the article understand risk factors of ACL injury among women suggested therapy for determining women  with risk of ACL injury high. Review  search databases Scopus, Pubmed, Cochran, Elsevier, Pedro and google scholar for Assigning Articles  performed on the injury anterior cruciate ligament particularly studies conducted on prevalence of the pathology in women  that has case studies  of ACL injury, especially women, as well as of risk factors and treatment of ligament injury was detected in women. A total of 14 articles in field of check the network among which, six articles various ligament of the anterior cruciate The damaged reviews 3 article with risk high ACL women of  the 2 article alone factor risk , 1 Original is also prevention and first article examines of risk factors and treatment only 1 article reviews the epidemiology  of  ACL injury in women, men.The results showed that ACL injuries in female athletes are more likely than men due to differences in neuromuscular. So we have discussed the difference evaluating the Risk Factors and Treatment Studies previous risk of internal and external. According to this study nonsurgical treatments surgical treatment including strength training, plyometric, weight bearing and proprioception whose activities the patient to return to the damage