Justifications of Intellectual Property Rights: A Discussion on Locke and Hegel’s Theories

Introduction to The Problem: At its core, Locke’s main argument is centralised in the role of labour, while Hegel’s principal idea lies in one’s will, self-actualisation as well as personal expression. As both thinkers posit strong arguments in substantiating their views, discussions surrounding this topic may influence one to favour a particular theory over the other.Purpose/Objective Study: This paper makes a modest attempt to discuss the justifications of intellectual property rights by focusing on two well-known philosophers, John Locke and G.W.F Hegel.Design/Methodology/Approach: The research design is exploratory as this paper aspires to explore the basis for the grant of intellectual property rights from the lenses of both theories. Therefore, the research methodology is purely doctrinal and theoretical. The research approach is mainly based on library research, focusing on a reading and analysis of Locke and Hegel’s published works, as well as other materials such as journal articles, commentaries, and textbooks.Findings: This article contributes to the existing body of knowledge by highlighting that neither Locke nor Hegel could provide one-fit-for-all justifications of intellectual property rights. Nevertheless, it is worth stating that both philosophers do contribute thoughtful insights that reflect important values worthy of considerations and should never be undermined when framing policies and laws on intellectual property rights.Paper Type: General Revie

Exploring Barriers to Adoption of Halal Certification among Restaurant Owners in Seremban, Malaysia

This preliminary study seeks to gain initial insights into the barriers encountered by restaurant owners in Seremban, Malaysia, regarding the adoption of halal certification. The research, which precedes a more comprehensive DEMATEL (Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory) analysis, employs a quantitative approach and data collected through Google Forms from a limited sample of 26 restaurant owners. The findings highlight four primary barriers: cost, lack of awareness, procedural complexities, and insufficient government support. Notably, this study does not aim for exhaustive conclusions but serves as a foundational exploration, offering valuable perspectives for further investigation. The outcomes will be instrumental in advancing our understanding of halal certification adoption among restaurant proprietors in Seremban, ultimately facilitating more in-depth analyses and strategic solutions

Public good theory: a theoretical justification for permissive licence to use and re-use orphan works

This paper explored the adoption of Paul Samuelson’s Public Good Theory as a theoretical justification for a permissive licensing scheme that enables the use and re-use of orphan works in Malaysia. Orphan works are copyright-protected works with unloadable or unidentified right holders, and are currently on the rise due to the proliferation of unregistered, anonymous, and abandoned copyrighted works. The literature denotes the challenges arising from the difficulty faced by potential users in obtaining the permission for creative and innovative use of orphan works as required under the copyright law. Such challenges impede the potential use and re-use of orphan works for the purpose of knowledge dissemination, progress in the arts preservation, and digitization activities. This paper contributes to the current body of knowledge by canvassing two important issues. The first issue focused on the challenges faced by potential users to use and re-use orphan works in Malaysia. The second was Paul Samuelson’s Public Good Theory as a theoretical justification for permissive license to use and re-use orphan works. It is anticipated that a legislative reform grounded on Paul Samuelson’s Public Good Theory will spur grassroots innovations, creativity, and entrepreneurialism among members of the public. The permissive licensing scheme supports global calls for legislative reform of the copyright law to facilitate the use and re-use of orphan works

Heritage Studies & Measured Drawings of Masjid Diraja Sultan Ala'eddin, Banting, Selangor

This work is one of the outcomes of AAR 3302 Heritage Studies, a core course that educates students to the understanding and practice of researching and documenting the heritage buildings in the Muslim world. The study on Masjid Diraja Sultan Ala'eddin, Banting Selangor was conducted in August 2020 and published in October 2020