Revisiting Deep Learning for Variable Type Recovery

Compiled binary executables are often the only available artifact in reverse engineering, malware analysis, and software systems maintenance. Unfortunately, the lack of semantic information like variable types makes comprehending binaries difficult. In efforts to improve the comprehensibility of binaries, researchers have recently used machine learning techniques to predict semantic information contained in the original source code. Chen et al. implemented DIRTY, a Transformer-based Encoder-Decoder architecture capable of augmenting decompiled code with variable names and types by leveraging decompiler output tokens and variable size information. Chen et al. were able to demonstrate a substantial increase in name and type extraction accuracy on Hex-Rays decompiler outputs compared to existing static analysis and AI-based techniques. We extend the original DIRTY results by re-training the DIRTY model on a dataset produced by the open-source Ghidra decompiler. Although Chen et al. concluded that Ghidra was not a suitable decompiler candidate due to its difficulty in parsing and incorporating DWARF symbols during analysis, we demonstrate that straightforward parsing of variable data generated by Ghidra results in similar retyping performance. We hope this work inspires further interest and adoption of the Ghidra decompiler for use in research projects.Comment: In The 31st International Conference on Program Comprehension(ICPC 2023 RENE

Evaluation of An Oral Health Education Session for Early Head Start Home Visitors

Objectives Home visiting programs promote the education and health of Early Head Start (EHS) children and pregnant women. However, EHS\u27s oral health component is unevenly implemented. We conducted an educational intervention to improve oral health knowledge and motivational interviewing techniques among Wisconsin EHS home visitors. Methods A questionnaire assessing oral health-related knowledge and confidence was administered to home visitors before and after an educational session. Changes between pre/post-responses were analyzed with McNemar\u27s test and Wilcoxon Signed Rank test. Results After the intervention there were increases in both knowledge and confidence related to oral health communication. Knowledge increases were observed in such topics as fluoridation, dental caries, and caregivers’ role in assisting and supervising children\u27s tooth brushing. Conclusions A brief educational intervention was associated with increased home visitor knowledge and confidence in communicating oral health messages to EHS caregivers and pregnant women

Deep Learning with Functional Inputs

We present a methodology for integrating functional data into deep densely connected feed-forward neural networks. The model is defined for scalar responses with multiple functional and scalar covariates. A by-product of the method is a set of dynamic functional weights that can be visualized during the optimization process. This visualization leads to greater interpretability of the relationship between the covariates and the response relative to conventional neural networks. The model is shown to perform well in a number of contexts including prediction of new data and recovery of the true underlying functional weights; these results were confirmed through real applications and simulation studies. A forthcoming R package is developed on top of a popular deep learning library (Keras) allowing for general use of the approach.Comment: 28 pages, 6 figures, submitted to JCG

Enhanced surface transfer doping of diamond by V2O5 with improved thermal stability

Surface transfer doping of hydrogen-terminated diamond has been achieved utilising V2O5 as a surface electron accepting material. Contact between the oxide and diamondsurface promotes the transfer of electrons from the diamond into the V2O5 as revealed by the synchrotron-based high resolution photoemission spectroscopy. Electrical characterization by Hall measurement performed before and after V2O5 deposition shows an increase in hole carrier concentration in the diamond from 3.0 × 1012 to 1.8 × 1013 cm−2 at room temperature. High temperature Hall measurements performed up to 300 °C in atmosphere reveal greatly enhanced thermal stability of the hole channel produced using V2O5 in comparison with an air-induced surface conduction channel. Transfer doping of hydrogen-terminated diamond using high electron affinity oxides such as V2O5 is a promising approach for achieving thermally stable, high performance diamond based devices in comparison with air-induced surface transfer dopin

ALMA Observation of NGC5135: The Circumnuclear CO(6-5) and Dust Continuum Emission at 45 Parsec Resolution[⋆\star]

We present high-resolution (0.17\arcsec $\times$ 0.14\arcsec) Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations of the CO\,(6-5) line, and 435\um\ dust continuum emission within a $\sim$9\arcsec $\times$ 9\arcsec\ area centered on the nucleus of the galaxy NGC\,5135. NGC\,5135 is a well-studied luminous infrared galaxy that also harbors a Compton-thick active galactic nucleus (AGN). At the achieved resolution of 48 $\times$ 40\,pc, the CO\,(6-5) and dust emissions are resolved into gas "clumps" along the symmetrical dust lanes associated with the inner stellar bar. The clumps have radii between $\sim$45-180\,pc and CO\,(6-5) line widths of $\sim$60-88\,\kms. The CO\,(6-5) to dust continuum flux ratios vary among the clumps and show an increasing trend with the \FeII/Br-$\gamma$ ratios, which we interpret as evidence for supernova-driven shocked gas providing a significant contribution to the \co65\ emission. The central AGN is undetected in continuum, nor in CO\,(6-5) if its line velocity width is no less than $\sim$\,40\,\kms. We estimate that the AGN contributes at most 1\% of the integrated CO\,(6-5) flux of 512 $\pm$ 24$\,$Jy\kms\ within the ALMA field of view, which in turn accounts for $\sim$32\% of the CO\,(6-5) flux of the whole galaxy.Comment: 21 pages, 12 figures, Accepted for publication in Ap

ALMA Maps of Dust and Warm Dense Gas Emission in the Starburst Galaxy IC 5179⋆^\star

We present our high-resolution ($0^{\prime\prime}.15\times0^{\prime\prime}.13$, $\sim$34 pc) observations of the CO(6-5) line emission, which probes the warm and dense molecular gas, and the 434 $\mu$m dust continuum emission in the nuclear region of the starburst galaxy IC 5179, conducted with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA). The CO(6-5) emission is spatially distributed in filamentary structures with many dense cores and shows a velocity field that is characteristic of a circum-nuclear rotating gas disk, with 90% of the rotation speed arising within a radius of $\lesssim150$ pc. At the scale of our spatial resolution, the CO(6-5) and dust emission peaks do not always coincide, with their surface brightness ratio varying by a factor of $\sim$10. This result suggests that their excitation mechanisms are likely different, as further evidenced by the Southwest to Northeast spatial gradient of both CO-to-dust continuum ratio and Pa-$\alpha$ equivalent width. Within the nuclear region (radius$\sim$300 pc) and with a resolution of $\sim$34 pc, the CO line flux (dust flux density) detected in our ALMA observations is $180\pm18$ Jy km/s ($71\pm7$ mJy), which account for 22% (2.4%) of the total value measured by Herschel.Comment: Accepted for publication in Ap

Deformation machining systems and methods

The present invention relates generally to deformation machining systems and methods that combine, in a single machine tool setup, the machining of thin structures and single point incremental forming (SPIF), such that novel part geometries and enhanced material properties may be obtained that are not achievable using conventional machining or forming systems and methods, individually or collectively. Important to many applications, lighter weight parts may be produced at lower cost using a conventional 3-axis computer numerically controlled (CNC) machine tool or the like, instead of the conventional 5-axis CNC machine tool or the like that is typically required