Phosphate Metabolism in CKD Stages 3–5: Dietary and Pharmacological Control

When compared to the available information for patients on dialysis (CKD stage 5D), data on the epidemiology and appropriate treatment of calcium and phosphate metabolism in the predialysis stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) are quite limited. Perceptible derangements of calcium and phosphate levels start to become apparent when GFR falls below 30 mL/min in some, but not all, patients. However, hyperphosphatemia may be a significant morbidity and mortality risk predictor in predialysis CKD stages. The RIND study, evaluating progression of coronary artery calcification in incident hemodialysis patients, indirectly demonstrated that vascular calcification processes start to manifest in CKD patients prior to the dialysis stage, which may be closely linked to early and invisible derangements in calcium and phosphate homeostasis. Novel insights into the pathophysiology of calcium and phosphate handling such as the discovery of FGF23 and other phosphatonins suggest that a more complex assessment of phosphate balance is warranted, possibly including measurements of fractional phosphate excretion and phosphatonin levels in order to appropriately evaluate disordered metabolism in earlier stages of kidney disease. As a consequence, early and preventive treatment approaches may have to be developed for patients in CKD stages 3-5 to halt progression of CKD-MBD

Качество воды в водных объектах природно-исторического парка "Покровское-Стрешнево"

В статье представлен материал выполненного анализа данных показателей качества родника «Царевна-Лебедь» и реки Химки за многолетний период для выявления закономерностей в изменении содержания загрязняющих веществ в условиях трансформации антропогенной нагрузки. По результатам проведённых исследований выявлено, что по некоторым показателям качество воды не соответствует нормативам, предъявляемым к водным объектам в зоне рекреации.In an article presents the material of the аnalysis and general conclusions of indicators of the quality of the source «The Swan Princess» and the river Khimki during the year to identify patterns of change in the content of pollutants in the conditions of transformation of anthropogenic load. The results of the research revealed that some indicators the quality of water in water bodies does not match the standards for to water bodies in the recreation area

Shape of stars and optical quality of the human eye

Contiene: fórmulas y 7 ilustraciones.Star images are entoptic phenomena that most people can perceive when looking at bright point sources in darkness. Diffraction and/or ocular aberrations seem to be a plausible cause for the star patterns, but to our knowledge no objective recordings of retinal optical images showing these characteristic patterns have been reported before. We have projected a small Gaussian spot of light onto the retina and registered the aerial image formed externally through a fully dilated pupil $one-and-a-half-pass method [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 12, 2385 (1995)]%. We have verified that, for fully dilated pupils (.9 mm), the blur caused by the finite size of the Gaussian spot is small. Consequently, these aerial images are a reasonably good approximation of the (inverted) optical point-spread function of the eye. These objectively recorded images displayed the distinctive radiating patterns of star images, which were compared with subjective patterns sketched out by the same observers. A strikingly close match was found between the objective and the subjective patterns of the same eyes. In addition, we computed the diffraction patterns produced by a simple schematic model of the suture lines of the anterior lens surface, also obtaining star-shaped images. These results support the commonly accepted hypothesis of a purely optical origin of subjective star images. © 1997 Optical Society of America [S0740-3232(97)00402-X].Research supported by the Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología (Spain) under grant TIC94-0849. Our special thanks go to Francisco Romero, Maurice Rynders, and Ulrike Fempel for acting as observers and to Susana Marcos for help with computer simulations. - This paper was published in Journal of the Optical Society of America A, and is made available as an electronic reprint with the permission of OSA. The paper can be found at the following URL on the OSA website: http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=josaa-14-2-353. Systematic or multiple reproduction or distribution to multiple locations via electronic or other means is prohibited and is subject to penalties under law.Peer reviewe

Комплексные соединения галогенидов цинка как потенциальные противораковые препараты

The purpose of this review is to summarize currently available evidence implicating vitamin K in the pathogenesis of vascular calcification (VC), in particular arterial medial calcification. In doing so, we try to provide a rationale for an interventional clinical study testing whether vitamin K supplementation can retard VC or even affect cardiovascular mortality in chronic kidney disease patients. Additionally, we wish to give an overview of the current literature indicating potential adverse effects of long-term vitamin K antagonists in this population

Клиент-серверное приложение для извлечения гидрометеорологических данных

This article describes a Web-based application for automated extracting of unstructured hydrometeorological data from sites on the Internet that provide such information. The software makes it easier to receive weather reports, including encoded in the KN-01, as well as to work with them

Quality Improvement and Management System Development of School Guidance and Counseling Services

The study aimed at developing an appropriate model to improve quality and develop management system of school guidance and counseling services. The study was divided into three phases conducted for three years in different school levels ranging from primary to higher education, in Java and Sumatra. The extension of the study was also conducted in Kindergarten and Special Education setting. The whole study came up with: the general models which provided a basis for developing frame work of guidance and counseling in every school level; frame work of guidance and counseling for every school level; standardized inventory of students\u27 developmental tasks developed in a computerized system; and learning packages developed based on students\u27 needs and development. Research findings show that the models were feasible and applicable and gave an improvement of quality of school guidance and counseling services and managemen

Bone Biopsy Results in Chronic Kidney Disease: a Single-Center Experience

Background/Aims: Although bone histology remains the diagnostic standard in renal osteodystrophy (ROD), biomarkers are used more commonly. Data comparing bone biopsy results and biomarkers of bone metabolism remain sparse. Methods: This is a single-center retrospective analysis of bone biopsy results (105) stratified by renal function, compared with intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP) and other biomarkers. We tested associations with high-turnover ostitis fibrosa (OF) and mixed uremic osteodystrophy (MUO), i.e. classes I and III according to Delling’s classification. Results: 37% of patients had CKD stage 3-5 not on dialysis (CKD NOD) and 50% CKD stage 5 requiring haemodialysis (CKD 5D). iPTH was significantly higher in CKD 5D with high-turnover ROD, 26 (18) versus 8 (9) pmol/l (p< 0.001). BAP showed no association. In CKD NOD, high-turnover ROD was associated with elevated iPTH, 32 (44) versus 8 (11) pmol/l (p=0.001), and BAP, 39 (32) versus 16 (7) U/l (p=0.01). iPTH achieved receiver operator characteristic (ROC) areas under the curve (AUC) of 0.83 (P=0.003) and 0.91 (P=0.019) for high-turnover ROD among CKD 5D and CKD NOD patients, respectively. An iPTH cutoff of 12.8 (CKD 5D) and 13.5 pmol/l (CKD NOD) reached sensitivities and specificities of 0.83, 0.91 and 1.00, 0.91, respectively. In CKD NOD, BAP achieved an AUC of 0.93 (P=0.013) and with a cutoff at 19.8 U/l a sensitivity and specificity of 1.00, 0.91, respectively. Conclusion: In CKD 5D patients, high-turnover ROD was associated with elevated iPTH at a low cutoff but not with BAP. The same diagnosis in CKD NOD was associated both with iPTH and BAP

Совершенствование механизмов взаимодействия с подрядными организациями в вопросах производственной безопасности

Данная работы посвящена разработке механизмов взаимодействия с подрядными организациями в вопросах производственной безопасности. Объектом исследования являются механизмы взаимодействия с подрядными организациями.This work is devoted to the development of mechanisms of interaction with contractors in matters of industrial safety

Технологическое обоснование и прогнозирование применения кислотных обработок призабойной зоны пластов на месторождениях Западной Сибири

Объектом исследования является призабойная зона терригенного и карбонатного пласта, на которых применяется кислотная обработка. Цель работы – технологическое обоснование и анализ применения кислотных обработок призабойной зоны пластов на месторождениях Западной Сибири. В результате исследования было обосновано применение кислотных обработок призабойной зоны пласта, даны рекомендации по избирательному выбору подходящей технологии и оптимального кислотного состава, предоставлена обобщённый процесс принятия решений, для достижения максимальной эффективности.The object of the study is the bottomhole zone of the terrigenous and carbonate formation, which use acid treatment. The purpose of the work is the technological substantiation and analysis of the use of acid treatments in the bottomhole formation zone in the fields of Western Siberia. As a result of the study, the use of acid treatments in the bottomhole formation zone was substantiated, recommendations were given on the selection of the appropriate technology and the optimal acid composition, a generalized decision-making process was provided to achieve maximum efficiency