Biomimetic Design for a Bioengineered World

Biodesign can be explained as a method that includes various researches and applications related to taking inspiration from natural functions, systems, components, or processes in solving a problem. Accordingly, biodesign is commonly used in the design of artificial devices, structures, and buildings in the field of bioengineering. The recent developments in the field of biotechnology and bioengineering bring out various products that are designed in collaboration with different engineering disciplines. In this chapter, the possible use of bacteria, microalgae, and fungi for biomimetic design and the role of biomimicry for these designs will be briefly discussed

Reactor designs and configurations for biological and bioelectrochemical C1 gas conversion: a review

Microbial C1 gas conversion technologies have developed into a potentially promising technology for converting waste gases (CO2, CO) into chemicals, fuels, and other materials. However, the mass transfer constraint of these poorly soluble substrates to microorganisms is an important challenge to maximize the efficiencies of the processes. These technologies have attracted significant scientific interest in recent years, and many reactor designs have been explored. Syngas fermentation and hydrogenotrophic methanation use molecular hydrogen as an electron donor. Furthermore, the sequestration of CO2 and the generation of valuable chemicals through the application of a biocathode in bioelectrochemical cells have been evaluated for their great potential to contribute to sustainability. Through a process termed microbial chain elongation, the product portfolio from C1 gas conversion may be expanded further by carefully driving microorganisms to perform acetogenesis, solventogenesis, and reverse -oxidation. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the various kinds of bioreactors that are employed in these microbial C1 conversion processes.This study was conducted in collaboration with researchers from four different institu tions (Dokuz Eylul University, Turkey; University of Minho, Portugal; Izmir Democracy University, Turkey, and University of A Coruña, Spain), who were supported by the following funding bodies: A.A. [Dokuz Eylul University, Scientific Research Foundation (DEU-BAP) (#2011.KB.FEN.046) and TUBİTAK (#119R029)]; L.P. [Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) (UIDB/04469/2020), and FCT and European Social Fund (POPH-QREN) (POCI-01-0145-FEDER 031377)]; T.K. [TUBİTAK-CAYDAG (118Y305)]; and H.N.A. [Xunta de Galicia (ED431C 2021/55)].A.A. acknowledges the support by Dokuz Eylul University, Scientific Research Foundation (DEU-BAP), Turkey, for the award on (#2011.KB.FEN.046) “Direct Electricity Generation from Treatment Plant Sludges by using MFCs” research project. A.A. acknowledges TUBİTAK for the support on #119R029 “Sustainable Energy Recovery from Treatment plant sludge, green waste and olive pomace via gasification process: Investigation of beneficial usage alternatives of gasification by-products”. L.P. acknowledges the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technol ogy (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of UIDB/04469/2020 unit. Also, the financial sup port from Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) and European Social Fund (POPH-QREN) through the project INNOVsyn - Innovative strategies for syngas fermentation (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-031377) are gratefully acknowledged. T.K. acknowledges the support from The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK-CAYDAG) (project no: 118Y305). H.N.A. thanks the Xunta de Galicia (Spain) for his postdoctoral fellowship (ED481D 2019/033). H.N.A., belonging to the BIOENGIN group of the UDC, also acknowledges Xunta de Galicia for recognizing the group as a competitive Reference Research Group (GRC) (ED431C 2021/55).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Design of Low-Cost Ethanol Production Medium From Syngas: An Optimization of Trace Metals for Clostridium Ljungdahlii

[Abstract] Syngas fermentation via the Wood-Ljungdahl (WL) pathway is a promising approach for converting gaseous pollutants (CO and CO2) into high-value commodities. Because the WL involves several enzymes with trace metal components, it requires an adequate supply of micronutrients in the fermentation medium for targeted bioprocessing such as bioethanol production. Plackett-Burman statistical analysis was performed to examine the most efficient trace elements (Ni, Mg, Ca, Mn, Co, Cu, B, W, Zn, Fe, and Mo) and their concentrations for Clostridium ljungdahlii on ethanol production. Overall, 1.5 to 2.5 fold improvement in ethanol production could be achieved with designed trace element concentrations. The effects of tungsten and copper on ethanol and biomass production were determined to be the most significant, respectively. The model developed was statistically significant and has the potential to significantly decrease the cost of trace element solutions by 18–22%. This research demonstrates the critical importance of optimizing the medium for syngas fermentation in terms of product distribution and economic feasibility.Turquía. Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey; 118Y305Turquía. Ege University; FDK-2020-22039Xunta de Galicia; ED481D 2019/03

Life-Threatening Hypercalcemia due to Graves’ Disease and Concomitant Adrenal Failure: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

A 47-year-old woman presented with the complaints of nausea, vomiting, and weight loss. She had a history of bilateral surrenalectomy due to Cushing’s syndrome. On examination she had tachycardia and orthostatic hypotension. Laboratory examinations revealed hypercalcemia and suppressed parathyroid hormone levels. She also had thyrotoxicosis due to Graves’ disease. The investigations to rule out a malignancy were negative. With steroid, zoledronic acid, and antithyroid drug treatment her symptoms were resolved and calcium level was normalized. This case highlights the importance of recognizing thyrotoxicosis and concomitant adrenal failure as a possible cause of severe hypercalcemia

Life-Threatening Hypercalcemia due to Graves' Disease and Concomitant Adrenal Failure: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

A 47-year-old woman presented with the complaints of nausea, vomiting, and weight loss. She had a history of bilateral surrenalectomy due to Cushing's syndrome. On examination she had tachycardia and orthostatic hypotension. Laboratory examinations revealed hypercalcemia and suppressed parathyroid hormone levels. She also had thyrotoxicosis due to Graves' disease. The investigations to rule out a malignancy were negative. With steroid, zoledronic acid, and antithyroid drug treatment her symptoms were resolved and calcium level was normalized. This case highlights the importance of recognizing thyrotoxicosis and concomitant adrenal failure as a possible cause of severe hypercalcemia

LIN28B Underlies the Pathogenesis of a Subclass of Ewing Sarcoma

n/

Renal complications of lipodystrophy: A closer look at the natural history of kidney disease

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/144612/1/cen13732_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/144612/2/cen13732.pd

Bioethanol production by syngas fermentation from pyrolysis gas using mixed culture: Heat-pretreatment effect

Duman, Gozde/0000-0002-9427-8235; Gundogdu, Tugba Keskin/0000-0001-9354-7774WOS:000597063900016In recent years, the production of bioethanol from synthesis gas offers a common solution to the increasing levels of air pollution and the need for renewable energy sources. Synthesis gas is the combination of gases such as CO, CO2, N-2, H-2, NOx, which can form air pollution and can be used in the production of bioethanol by metabolizing these gases by Clostiridium species. Bioethanol is one of the most important biofuels because of the advantage of direct use by blending with gasoline. Pyrolysis and biochar production is an important alternative to expensive pretreatment methods used in waste and lignocellulosic raw materials in bioethanol production. in this study the wastes were converted into biochar by pyrolysis and the waste gas is collected to produce bioethanol which is an integrated and energy intensive approach. The use of mixed culture in the production of ethanol from pyrolysis gas instead of pure Clostiridium species is also important in terms of reducing costs. in this study, by using the the waste gas released during biochar production from fruit and vegetable wastes ethanol produced by syngas fermentation using heat pretreated mixed culture. While the positive effect of heat pretreatment was observed in the mixed culture, the amount of pyrolysis gas to be fed to the reactors was optimized and the highest ethanol production was observed in 5 and 10 mL pyrolysis gas feedings as 5 g/L.TUBITAK-CAYDAGTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [118Y305]The authors wish to thank to TUBITAK-CAYDAG for financial support Under grant number 118Y305, for technical support to Prof. Dr. Nuri Azbar and Prof. Dr. Jale Yanik and for advisory support to Dr. Haris Nalakath Abubackar

Biodegradation performance of an anaerobic hybrid reactor treating olive mill effluent under various organic loading rates

WOS: 000269339000006The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of a 20 I lab scale anaerobic hybrid reactor (AHR) combining sludge blanket in the lower part and filter in the upper part under varying organic loading rates (OLRs) in order to study biodegradation of olive mill effluent (OME). For this purpose, some parameters, such as total phenols, effluent chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solids (SS), volatile fatty acids (VFAs), and pH in the influent and effluent, and removal efficiencies for those parameters (except pH) were continuously monitored throughout the experimental period of 477 days. Eleven different organic loadings between 0.45 and 32 kg COD m(-3) day(-1) were imposed by either varying influent COD or hydraulic retention time (HRT). The results demonstrated that the AHR reactor could tolerate high influent COD concentrations. Removal efficiencies for the studied pollution parameters were found to be as follows: COD, 50-94%; total phenol, 39-80%; color, 0-54%: and suspended solids, 19-87%. The levels of VFAs in the effluent, which was principally acetate, butyrate, iso-butyrate, and propionate, varied between 10 and 2005 mg l(-1) depending upon OLRs. A COD removal efficiency of 90% could be achieved as long as OLR is kept at a level of less than 10 kg COD m(-3) day(-1). However, a secondary treatment unit for polishing purposes is necessary to comply with receiving media discharge standards. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved