COVID-19 pandemisinin endodontistlerin sürekli mesleki gelişimleri üzerine etkisinin etkisi: Kapsamlı bir anket çalışması

Objective: Continuing professional development (CPD) is a lifelong process that continues despite all kinds of obstacles. The aim of this study was to evaluate of endodontists’ attitudes towards CPD during the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic and online educa tional resources (OERs). Material and Methods: A questionnaire on demographic data and preferred resources before and after the pan demic was sent to 554 potential participants via e-mail. A chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression test were conducted on the ob tained data at a 5% significance level. Results: One hundred seventy five participants responded to the survey. Of all the participants, 67% were women and 45% were academicians. Since the pandemic began, OERs have been preferred over traditional resources, but traditional ones were considered more useful than OERs. Most of the respondents believed that contagion concerns represented the greatest obstacle to CPD. Gender and experience were related to the perception that the pandemic affected the respondents’ CPD activities (p<0.001). Spe cialty/PhD students tended to benefit more than others from OERs (p<0.05). The respondents mostly considered that OERs are comfort able and advantageous in terms of time, cost, professional knowledge and skill. Conclusion: The resources endodontists chose for CPD ac tivities seemed to have changed in favour of OERs during the pandemic despite their lower perceived usefulness as compared with traditional resources.Amaç: Sürekli mesleki gelişim (SMG), her türlü engele rağ men yaşam boyu devam eden bir öğrenme sürecidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, endodontistlerin koronavirüs hastalığı-2019 pandemisi sırasında SMG’ye ve online eğitim kaynaklarına (OEK) yönelik tutumlarını de ğerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Beş yüz elli dört katılımcıya pandemi öncesi ve sonrası olmak üzere demografik veriler ve tercih edilen kaynaklar hakkında hazırlanmış bir anket e-posta yoluyla gön derildi. Elde edilen veriler üzerinde %5 anlamlılık düzeyinde ki-kare testi ve çok değişkenli lojistik regresyon analizi yapıldı. Bulgular: Yüz yetmiş beş katılımcı anketi cevaplamıştır. Tüm katılımcıların %67’si kadın ve %45’i akademisyendi. Pandemi başlangıcından itibaren OEK geleneksel kaynaklara tercih edilmiş, ancak geleneksel olanlar OEK’den daha kullanışlı kabul edilmiştir. Ankete katılanların çoğu, bulaş endişesini SMG’nin önündeki en büyük engel olarak görmüştür. Cinsiyet ve deneyim, pandeminin katılımcıların SMG faaliyetlerini et kilediği algısıyla ilişkili bulunmuştur (p<0,001). Uzmanlık/doktora öğ rencileri OEK’den daha fazla yararlanma eğiliminde bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Ankete katılanlar OEK’nin zaman, para, mesleki bilgi ve be ceri düzeyleri açısından rahat ve avantajlı olduğunu düşünmektedirler. Sonuç: Her ne kadar endodontistler pandemi döneminde SMG için OEK tercih etmiş olsalar da geleneksel kaynakları OEK’ye göre daha kullanışlı olduklarını düşünmektedirler

Effect of EDDY and manual dynamic activation techniques on postoperative pain in non-surgical retreatment: a randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND: During non-surgical retreatment process, the products such as dentin debris, root canal fillings, irrigation solutions, microorganisms and remaining pulp tissues can extrude to the apical area and can cause the postoperative pain and flare-up. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluatethe effect of EDDY and manual dynamic activation (MDA) techniques on postoperative pain (PP) associated with retreatment. METHODS: Ninety patients scheduled for retreatment were treated at a single visit. Non-vital mandibular premolar teeth diagnosed with asymptomatic apical periodontitis were included in this study. The patients were divided into two groups (n = 45) on the basis of the need for additional irrigation activation procedures (EDDY and MDA). The patients' post-treatment pain levels were asked to rate the intensity of their pain on a 10-point numerical rating scale (NRS) at the 12th, 24th, 48th, and 72nd h and 7 days.The data were analyzed using the chi-square and Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for within-group comparisons and Mann Whitney U test was used to compare the groups by time period. RESULTS: The difference in postoperative pain intensity between two groups was statistically significant at 12, 24, 48, and 72 h (p  0.05). Pain intensity after the treatment was lesser in the MDA groupthanin the EDDY group at 12, 24, 48, and 72 h. CONCLUSION: This study could lead us to conclude that the two activation systems can be used during endodontic retreatment with no difference at PP 7 days later. However, a comparison of the groups indicated that the EDDY resulted in significantly more PP at 12, 24, 48, and 72 h. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04726670.Open Access funding provided by the Qatar National Library

Cyclic fatigue resistance of new and used ProTaper universal and ProTaper next nickel-titanium rotary instruments

Aim: This study aims to compare the cyclic fatigue resistance of new and used ProTaper Universal (PTU) and ProTaper Next (PTN) rotary nickel-titanium systems using artificial canals. Materials and Methods: Twenty sets of PTU and PTN were included in the present study. The groups were set as follows: Group A: 10 new sets of PTN instruments; Group B: 10 clinically used sets of PTN instruments; Group C: 10 new sets of PTU instruments; and Group D: 10 clinically used sets of PTU instruments. The cyclic fatigue tests were performed using a specially manufactured dynamic cyclic fatigue-testing device, which has an artificial stainless steel canal with 60° angle of curvature and a 2 mm radius of curvature. New and used files were rotated until fracture, and the cyclic fatigue device stopped automatically by the fracture and showed the fracture time on the screen. The number of cycles to fracture for each group was calculated and compared using paired and unpaired t-tests using SPSS 21.0 software. Statistical significance was set at 5%. Results: For both rotary systems, the new instruments showed statistically higher cyclic fatigue resistance than the used instruments (P < 0.05). The mean number of cycles to fracture of PTN instruments was significantly higher than equivalent file sizes of PTU instruments (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Within the limitation of the present study, reduction in the cyclic fatigue resistance for PTN and PTU instruments was observed after clinical use when compared to new groups

Comparison of cyclic fatigue life of nickel-titanium files: an examination using high-speed camera

Objectives To determine the actual revolutions per minute (rpm) values and compare the cyclic fatigue life of Reciproc (RPC, VDW GmbH), WaveOne (WO, Dentsply Maillefer), and TF Adaptive (TFA, Axis/SybronEndo) nickel-titanium (NiTi) file systems using high-speed camera. Materials and Methods Twenty RPC R25 (25/0.08), 20 WO Primary (25/0.08), and 20 TFA ML 1 (25/0.08) files were employed in the present study. The cyclic fatigue tests were performed using a dynamic cyclic fatigue testing device, which has an artificial stainless steel canal with a 60° angle of curvature and a 5-mm radius of curvature. The files were divided into 3 groups (group 1, RPC R25 [RPC]; group 2, WO Primary [WO]; group 3, TF Adaptive ML 1 [TFA]). All the instruments were rotated until fracture during the cyclic fatigue test and slow-motion videos were captured using high-speed camera. The number of cycles to failure (NCF) was calculated. The data were analyzed statistically using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA, p < 0.05). Results The slow-motion videos were indicated that rpm values of the RPC, WO, and TFA groups were 180, 210, and 425, respectively. RPC (3,464.45 ± 487.58) and WO (3,257.63 ± 556.39) groups had significantly longer cyclic fatigue life compared with TFA (1,634.46 ± 300.03) group (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the mean length of the fractured fragments. Conclusions Within the limitation of the present study, RPC and WO NiTi files showed significantly longer cyclic fatigue life than TFA NiTi file

Investigation of the effectiveness of sonic, ultrasonic and new laser-assisted irrigation activation methods on smear removal and tubular penetration

The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of different irrigation activation methods on smear layer removal and tubular penetration. One hundred-five distal roots of mandibular molar teeth in total; 50 for smear removal efficiency (n = 10) analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and 55 roots were used to examine tubular penetration using confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). Five different irrigation activation methods were used in this study; conventional needle irrigation (CNI), sonic irrigation device of EDDY, passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), PIPS and SWEEPS techniques, which are two different laser irrigation activation methods. The obtained data were statistically analyzed and the significance level was determined as p 0.05). Penetration depths and percentages increased from apically to coronally in all groups. The PUI and EDDY generally showed similar penetration depths and percentages to the CNI, except at the coronal root level (p > 0.05). In all groups, when PIPS was used, it showed greater penetration depth and percentage (p < 0.05). PIPS and SWEEPS techniques showed lowest and similar smear scores compared to PUI and EDDY in the apical area where access and effectiveness of the irrigation solution are difficult.Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversites

Re-examining the characteristics of pediatric multiple sclerosis in the era of antibody-associated demyelinating syndromes.

Background: The discovery of anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-IgG and anti-aquaporin 4 (AQP4)-IgG and the observation on certain patients previously diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) actually have an antibody-mediated disease mandated re-evaluation of pediatric MS series. Aim: To describe the characteristics of recent pediatric MS cases by age groups and compare with the cohort established before 2015. Method: Data of pediatric MS patients diagnosed between 2015 and 2021 were collected from 44 pediatric neurology centers across Turkiye. Clinical and paraclinical features were compared between patients with dis-ease onset before 12 years (earlier onset) and >= 12 years (later onset) as well as between our current (2015-2021) and previous (< 2015) cohorts. Results: A total of 634 children (456 girls) were enrolled, 89 (14%) were of earlier onset. The earlier-onset group had lower female/male ratio, more frequent initial diagnosis of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), more frequent brainstem symptoms, longer interval between the first two attacks, less frequent spinal cord involvement on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and lower prevalence of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-restricted oligoclonal bands (OCBs). The earlier-onset group was less likely to respond to initial disease-modifying treatments. Compared to our previous cohort, the current series had fewer patients with onset < 12 years, initial presentation with ADEM-like features, brainstem or cerebellar symptoms, seizures, and spinal lesions on MRI. The female/male ratio, the frequency of sensorial symptoms, and CSF-restricted OCBs were higher than reported in our previous cohort. Conclusion: Pediatric MS starting before 12 years was less common than reported previously, likely due to exclusion of patients with antibody-mediated diseases. The results underline the importance of antibody testing and indicate pediatric MS may be a more homogeneous disorder and more similar to adult-onset MS than previously thought

Clinical and molecular evaluation of MEFV gene variants in the Turkish population: a study by the National Genetics Consortium

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a monogenic autoinflammatory disorder with recurrent fever, abdominal pain, serositis, articular manifestations, erysipelas-like erythema, and renal complications as its main features. Caused by the mutations in the MEditerranean FeVer (MEFV) gene, it mainly affects people of Mediterranean descent with a higher incidence in the Turkish, Jewish, Arabic, and Armenian populations. As our understanding of FMF improves, it becomes clearer that we are facing with a more complex picture of FMF with respect to its pathogenesis, penetrance, variant type (gain-of-function vs. loss-of-function), and inheritance. In this study, MEFV gene analysis results and clinical findings of 27,504 patients from 35 universities and institutions in Turkey and Northern Cyprus are combined in an effort to provide a better insight into the genotype-phenotype correlation and how a specific variant contributes to certain clinical findings in FMF patients. Our results may help better understand this complex disease and how the genotype may sometimes contribute to phenotype. Unlike many studies in the literature, our study investigated a broader symptomatic spectrum and the relationship between the genotype and phenotype data. In this sense, we aimed to guide all clinicians and academicians who work in this field to better establish a comprehensive data set for the patients. One of the biggest messages of our study is that lack of uniformity in some clinical and demographic data of participants may become an obstacle in approaching FMF patients and understanding this complex disease