53 research outputs found
The Impact of Counterstereotypic Training and Related Correction Processes on the Application of Stereotypes
The present research examined the impact of counterstereotypic training on the application of stereotypes and the moderating effects of correction on these processes. As expected, when receiving no training, participants chose male over female candidates for a supervisory position and rated both male and female candidates as more gender stereotypic. After receiving extensive counterstereotypic association training, however, participants no longer preferred male over female job candidates and no longer attributed stereotypic traits to a greater extent. These latter results, however, were only found after participants had an opportunity to correct for perceived influences on an initial task. These findings provide evidence for the potential moderating effects of correction processes on the success of strategies aimed at decreasing intergroup biases
Impact of perceived interpersonal similarity on attention to the eyes of same‑race and other‑race faces
This research was supported by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (435-2013-0992) and Canada Foundation for Innovation (9297) Grants to Kerry Kawakami.One reason for the persistence of racial discrimination may be anticipated dissimilarity with racial outgroup members
that prevent meaningful interactions. In the present research, we investigated whether perceived similarity would
impact the processing of same-race and other-race faces.Specifically, in two experiments, we varied the extent to
which White participants were ostensibly similar to targets via bogus feedback on a personality test. With an eye
tracker, we measured the effect of this manipulation on attention to the eyes, a critical region for person perception
and face memory. In Experiment 1, we monitored the impact of perceived interpersonal similarity on White participants’
attention to the eyes of same-race White targets. In Experiment 2, we replicated this procedure, but White
participants were presented with either same-race White targets or other-race Black targets in a between-subjects
design. The pattern of results in both experiments indicated a positive linear effect of similarity—greater perceived
similarity between participants and targets predicted more attention to the eyes of White and Black faces. The implications
of these findings related to top-down effects of perceived similarity for our understanding of basic processes
in face perception, as well as intergroup relations, are discussed.Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC) 435-2013-0992Canada Foundation for Innovation
CGIAR 929
ATTITUDES AND SOCIAL COGNITION An Eye for the I: Preferential Attention to the Eyes of Ingroup Members
Human faces, and more specifically the eyes, play a crucial role in social and nonverbal communication because they signal valuable information about others. It is therefore surprising that few studies have investigated the impact of intergroup contexts and motivations on attention to the eyes of ingroup and outgroup members. Four experiments investigated differences in eye gaze to racial and novel ingroups using eye tracker technology. Whereas Studies 1 and 3 demonstrated that White participants attended more to the eyes of White compared to Black targets, Study 2 showed a similar pattern of attention to the eyes of novel ingroup and outgroup faces. Studies 3 and 4 also provided new evidence that eye gaze is flexible and can be meaningfully influenced by current motivations. Specifically, instructions to individuate specific social categories increased attention to the eyes of target group members. Furthermore, the latter experiments demonstrated that preferential attention to the eyes of ingroup members predicted important intergroup biases such as recognition of ingroup over outgroup faces (i.e., the own-race bias; Study 3) and willingness to interact with outgroup members (Study 4). The implication of these findings for general theorizing on face perception, individuation processes, and intergroup relations are discussed
Social mindfulness and prosociality vary across the globe
Humans are social animals, but not everyone will be mindful of others to the same extent. Individual differences have been found, but would social mindfulness also be shaped by one’s location in the world? Expecting cross-national differences to exist, we examined if and how social mindfulness differs across countries. At little to no material cost, social mindfulness typically entails small acts of attention or kindness. Even though fairly common, such low-cost cooperation has received little empirical attention. Measuring social mindfulness across 31 samples from industrialized countries and regions (n = 8,354), we found considerable variation. Among selected country-level variables, greater social mindfulness was most strongly associated with countries’ better general performance on environmental protection. Together, our findings contribute to the literature on prosociality by targeting the kind of everyday cooperation that is more focused on communicating benevolence than on providing material benefits
Reply to Nielsen et al. social mindfulness is associated with countries’ environmental performance and individual environmental concern
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
From local social mindfulness to global sustainability efforts?
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
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