Analytical vectorial structure of non-paraxial four-petal Gaussian beams in the far field

The analytical vectorial structure of non-paraxial four-petal Gaussian beams(FPGBs) in the far field has been studied based on vector angular spectrum method and stationary phase method. In terms of analytical electromagnetic representations of the TE and TM terms, the energy flux distributions of the TE term, the TM term, and the whole beam are derived in the far field, respectively. According to our investigation, the FPGBs can evolve into a number of small petals in the far field. The number of the petals is determined by the order of input beam. The physical pictures of the FPGBs are well illustrated from the vectorial structure, which is beneficial to strengthen the understanding of vectorial properties of the FPGBs

Vectorial structure of a hard-edged-diffracted four-petal Gaussian beam in the far field

Based on the vector angular spectrum method and the stationary phase method and the fact that a circular aperture function can be expanded into a finite sum of complex Gaussian functions, the analytical vectorial structure of a four-petal Gaussian beam (FPGB) diffracted by a circular aperture is derived in the far field. The energy flux distributions and the diffraction effect introduced by the aperture are studied and illustrated graphically. Moreover, the influence of the f-parameter and the truncation parameter on the nonparaxiality is demonstrated in detail. In addition, the analytical formulas obtained in this paper can degenerate into un-apertured case when the truncation parameter tends to infinity. This work is beneficial to strengthen the understanding of vectorial properties of the FPGB diffracted by a circular aperture

The influence of carbon nanotubes on the combustion toxicity of PP/intumescent flame retardant composites

In recent years, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have emerged as a promising candidate for improving the flame retardancy of polymer materials, as well as other physical properties. However, few researches have been focused on the influence of this nanoscale material on the combustion toxicity of polymer composites during combustion. In this work, the fire toxicity of polypropylene (PP) composites with intumescent flame retardants (IFRs) and CNTs has been investigated by a Purser Furnace apparatus, which is called steady state tube furnace (SSTF) and enables different fire stages to be created. The Thermo gravimetric analyzer (TGA) and derivative thermo gravimetric analysis (DTG) data indicate that the thermal stability of PP composites was increased by the addition of IFRs or CNTs. However, the SSTF results show that PP samples with IFR or CNTs or both, produced much more carbon monoxide (CO) compared to neat PP during all fire stages, resulting in a much lower CO2/CO ratio. Furthermore, an interesting finding is that the effect of CNTs on the smoke production and CxHy yield of the PP samples during the combustion changes with the combustion equivalence ratio. It indicates that the presence of CNTs promote the formation of smoke particulates from hydrocarbon, but this effect only exist when oxygen supply is not adequate. It is also concluded that the air ventilation and combustion temperature play significant roles in the fire effluent production of PP samples and the morphology of soot particulates

FASTAGEDS: Fast Approximate Graph Entity Dependency Discovery

This paper studies the discovery of approximate rules in property graphs. We propose a semantically meaningful measure of error for mining graph entity dependencies (GEDs) at almost hold, to tolerate errors and inconsistencies that exist in real-world graphs. We present a new characterisation of GED satisfaction, and devise a depth-first search strategy to traverse the search space of candidate rules efficiently. Further, we perform experiments to demonstrate the feasibility and scalability of our solution, FASTAGEDS, with three real-world graphs.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2301.0626

RNAi Rab27a inhibited C6 glioma cell migration and invasion in transwell experiments (with or without ECM gel).

<p>A. Images of cells on the undersurface of a filter without ECM gel, either untreated (control) or treated with Rab27a shRNA or Rab27a siRNA, showing that the number of cells decreased. B. Quantification of the transwell assays. The surface area for samples treated with Rab27a shRNA was 80.53±3.06%, and with Rab27A siRNA was 85.40±6.94% (p<0.01). C. Images of cells on the undersurface of a filter with ECM gel, either untreated (control) or treated with Rab27a shRNA or Rab27a siRNA, showing that the number of cells decreased. D. Quantification of the transwell assays. The change in the surface area for samples treated with Rab27a shRNA was 63.89±8.49%, and with Rab27a siRNA was 36.04±6.59% (p<0.01). Bars represent the average ± S.E., n≥3. Magnification, ×20.</p

GPN (A–C) and vacuolin-1 (D–F) inhibit C6 glioma cell invasion and migration in transwell assay.

<p>A. Images of C6 glioma cells on the undersurface of a filter which were either untreated (control) or treated with different doses of GPN. The images show that the number of cells passing through the filter with ECM gel decreased with GPN treatment. B. LDH assays showing 25–100 µM GPN was not toxic to the C6 cell line, while 200 µM GPN did have a toxic tendency. Bars represent the average ± S.E., n≥3. Magnification, ×20. C. The area covered by migrated cells in control, untreated samples was set at 100%, and the change for samples treated with GPN was 57.99±7.32% for 25 µM GPN, 44.20±11.18% for 50 µM GPN, 17.54±3.03% for 100 µM GPN, and 9.55±3.77% for 200 µM GPN (p<0.01). Bars represent the average ± S.E., n≥3. Magnification, ×20. D. Images of cells on the undersurface of a filter, either untreated (control) or treated with different doses of vacuolin-1. As the vacuolin-1 dose increased, the number of cells on the undersurface of the filter decreased. E. LDH assays showing 0.5–4 µM vacuolin-1 was not toxic to the C6 cell line. Bars represent the average ± S.E., n≥3. Magnification, ×20. F. Quantification of transwell assays. The overall change in the surface area with untreated samples was 100%, and the change in surface area for samples treated with vacuolin-1 was 67.40±2.96% at 1 µM, 39.18±3.54% at 2 µM, and 43.20±3.80% at 4 µM (p<0.01).</p

LAMP1 surface staining showing more lysosomes near the glioma cell surface than in astrocytes.

<p>GPN treatment decreased glioma cell surface lysosome number. A. Upper: representative confocal images depicting the astrocyte surface Lamp1 (green) and the total Lamp1 (red). Lower: quantification of the intensity ratio (surface/total). Error bars represent the s.e.m. of 42 images from two independent experiments; ***denotes P<0.001 of C6 compared with astrocytes. (Student's t-test). B. The FACS results of LAMP1 surface staining showing more lysosomes on the surface in both C6 and U251 glioma cells than in astrocytes. GPN treatment decreased LAMP1 surface staining compared with the control group. The X axis shows fluorescence intensity and the Y axis shows cell number. The green curve represents the negative control and the red area represents the LAMP1 surface staining group.</p