End-point of the Electroweak Phase Transition using the auxiliary mass method

We study the end-point of the Electroweak phase transition using the auxiliary mass method. The end point is $m_H\sim40$ (GeV) in the case $m_t=0$ (GeV) and strongly depends on the top quark mass. A first order phase transition disappears at $m_t\sim 160$ (GeV). The renormalization effect of the top quark is significant.Comment: 10 pages, 5 EPS figures, typeset using REV-Te

Evidence of novel type of ribosome in eukaryotic intermediate flatworm

In all organisms, messenger-directed protein synthesis is catalyzed by ribonucleoprotein particles called ribosomes. A ribosome is typically composed of one small and one large subunit which contain one short (18S) and one long (28S) rRNAs, respectively. Surprisingly, in this study, three similar size rRNAs (18-21S) were revealed in the electrophoresis profile of the total RNAs of tapeworm _Spirometra erinaceiuropaei_. Northern blot analysis shows that one of the three bands belongs to 18S rRNA, and the other two bands are of 28S rRNAs, implying structurally distinct ribosomes in this intermediate animal. Furthermore, similar, but not identical profiles were observed in two other tapeworms _Diphyllobothrium hottai_ and _Diphyllobothrium Nipponkaiizeme_. Relevant to this finding, in flatworm _Paragonimus westermani_, 18S rRNAs were found much more numerous than 28S rRNAs. Moreover, consistent with this biochemical finding, transmission electron microscopy examinations show that the ribosomes isolated from _Spirometra erinaceiuropaei_ are composed of either one ball or two similar size subunits (balls), while the structure of ribosomes isolated from control liver tissue exactly match the conventional large and small subunit ribosome model. Our study provides direct biochemical and biophysical evidence of structurally distinct novel type of ribosomes in intermediate eukaryotic flatworms. These finding may be important for re-recognition of biological protein synthesis and evolutionary process of living things

Cystic Fibrosis Transport Regulator and its mRNA are Expressed in Human Epidermis

Cystic fibrosis transport regulator is a cAMP-dependent chloride channel protein. Normal (non cystic fibrosis) human epidermis stained positive for cystic fibrosis transport regulator as densely as did the eccrine sweat gland when three monoclonal antibodies for R (regulatory) and C (C-terminus) domains of cystic fibrosis transport regulator were used. All the layers of the epidermis took up staining uniformly. A peptide for C-epitope completely blocked the staining with monoclonal antibodies for C. Nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction of freshly isolated human epidermal fragments and the eccrine sweat glands amplified the cystic fibrosis transport regulator mRNA sequence derived from exons 13 and 14 to comparable extents. The 526 base pair antisense, but not sense, RNA probe derived from exons 10-13 stained cystic fibrosis transport regulator mRNA in both the epidermis and the sweat gland to a similar extent. In the epidermis, the cytoplasm of basal cells, stratum spinosum cells, and granular layer cells were all stained uniformly, but not corneocytes in the stratum corneum. In the sweat secretory coils, both clear and dark cells were stained but not the myoepithelium, with the dark cells staining more densely than the clear cells as in a previous study. In the duct, both luminal and basal ductal cells took up cystic fibrosis transport regulator staining uniformly but luminal cytoplasm of luminal ductal cells was devoid of cystic fibrosis transport regulator mRNA. Although the function of cystic fibrosis transport regulator in the epidermis is totally unknown, its recently proposed role as a universal regulator of a variety of cellular and membrane functions necessitates further studies on its regulation and function in health and disease

Non-perturbative approach to the effective potential of the $\lambda\phi^{4} theory at finite temperature

We construct a non-perturbative method to investigate the phase structure of the scalar theory at finite temperature. The derivative of the effective potential with respect to the mass square is expressed in terms of the full propagator. Under a certain approximation this expression reduces to the partial differential equation for the effective potential. We numerically solve the partial differential equation and obtain the effective potential non-perturbatively. It is found that the phase transition is of the second order. The critical exponents calculated in this method are consistent with the results obtained in Landau approximation.Comment: 17page, Latex, 9 figure

Cystic Fibrosis Transport Regulator and its mRNA are Expressed in Human Epidermis

Cystic fibrosis transport regulator is a cAMP-dependent chloride channel protein. Normal (non cystic fibrosis) human epidermis stained positive for cystic fibrosis transport regulator as densely as did the eccrine sweat gland when three monoclonal antibodies for R (regulatory) and C (C-terminus) domains of cystic fibrosis transport regulator were used. All the layers of the epidermis took up staining uniformly. A peptide for C-epitope completely blocked the staining with monoclonal antibodies for C. Nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction of freshly isolated human epidermal fragments and the eccrine sweat glands amplified the cystic fibrosis transport regulator mRNA sequence derived from exons 13 and 14 to comparable extents. The 526 base pair antisense, but not sense, RNA probe derived from exons 10-13 stained cystic fibrosis transport regulator mRNA in both the epidermis and the sweat gland to a similar extent. In the epidermis, the cytoplasm of basal cells, stratum spinosum cells, and granular layer cells were all stained uniformly, but not corneocytes in the stratum corneum. In the sweat secretory coils, both clear and dark cells were stained but not the myoepithelium, with the dark cells staining more densely than the clear cells as in a previous study. In the duct, both luminal and basal ductal cells took up cystic fibrosis transport regulator staining uniformly but luminal cytoplasm of luminal ductal cells was devoid of cystic fibrosis transport regulator mRNA. Although the function of cystic fibrosis transport regulator in the epidermis is totally unknown, its recently proposed role as a universal regulator of a variety of cellular and membrane functions necessitates further studies on its regulation and function in health and disease

Regional and Individual Variations in the Function of the Human Eccrine Sweat Gland

Derived values for sodium concentration of the precursor fluid, free water clearance and counts of the number of active sweat glands were determined on the forehead, forearm and back of 14 subjects. Maximal sweat rate per gland and maximal free water clearance per gland were also calculated. The sodium concentration of the precursor fluid averaged 140 mEq/L. The large variations among our subjects in the maximal sweat rate (SR max) per m2 and maximal free water clearance (FWC max) per m2 depended mainly on differences in the functional capacity of individual sweat glands rather than in differences in population. However, regional variations in SR max per m2 and FWC max per m2 in each subject depended largely on differences in the population of active sweat glands. A significant correlation was found between secretory (SR max per gland) and reabsorptive capacity (FWC max per gland)

The Electrolyte Composition of Pharmacologically and Thermally Stimulated Sweat: A Comparative Study**From the Division of Dermatology, University of Oregon Medical School Portland, Oregon 97201.

The sodium and potassium content of sweat induced by pilocarpine iontophoresis, and alter the intracutaneous injection of pilocarpine, acetylcholine or methylcholine, were compared with thermal sweat. In most subjects, sodium concentrations were higher in pharmacologic sweat than in thermal sweat. An increase in potassium content in pharmacologic sweat was seen in all subjects. Unphysiological exposure of the ductal portion, as well as the secretory portion of sweat gland to exogenous cholinergic drugs was assumed as a possible cause of the high sodium and potassium concentrations of pharmacologically-stimulated sweat

Critical Exponents of O(N) Scalar Model at Temperatures below the Critical Value using Auxiliary Mass Method

We investigate a phase transition of the O(N) invariant scalar model using the auxiliary mass method. We determine the critical exponent $\beta$ by calculating an effective potential below the critical temperature. This work follows that of a previous paper.Comment: 6 pages, 3 EPS figures, typeset PTP-Tex, published versio

Non-perturbative Evaluation of the Effective Potential of λϕ4\lambda\phi^4 Theory at Finite Temperature under the Super-Daisy Approximation

We calculate the effective potential of the scalar theory at finite temperature under the super-daisy approximation, after expressing its derivative with respect to mass square in terms of the full propagator. This expression becomes the self-consistent equation for the derivative of the effective potential. We find the phase transition is first order with this approximation. We compare our result with others.Comment: 12 page, 8 figure