An evaluation of a plan for developing originality in the sixth grade through creative composition writing lesson plans.

Thesis (Ed.M.)--Boston Universit

Spirits, iconoclasts and the borders of the market in urban Vietnam

This study takes as its object a goddess called the Lady of the Realm, whose shrine is in a rural area in the southern part of Vietnam. This goddess provides a valuable window onto changes underway in reform-era Vietnam for in recent years she has become the focus of a major pilgrimage and the controversial object of much commentary and debate

Multi-segment foot kinematics and plantar fascia strain during treadmill and overground running

Although physiologically beneficial, running is known to be associated with a high incidence of chronic injuries. Excessive coronal and transverse plane motions of the foot segments and strain experienced by the plantar fascia are linked to the development of a number of chronic injuries. This study examined differences in multi-segment foot kinematics and plantar fascia strain during treadmill and overground running. Twelve male recreational runners ran at 4.0 m.s-1 in both treadmill and overground conditions. Multi-segment foot kinematics and plantar fascia strain were measured using an eight-camera motion analysis system and contrasted using paired samples t-tests. The results showed that plantar fascia strain was significantly greater in the overground condition (8.23 ± 2.77) compared to the treadmill (5.53 ± 2.25). Given the proposed relationship between excessive plantar fascia strain and the etiology of injury, overground running may be associated with a higher incidence of injury although further work is necessary before causation can be confirmed

Effects of new military footwear on knee loading during running

Military recruits are known to be susceptible to chronic injuries. The knee is the most common injury site and patellofemoral pain has been demonstrated as the leading mechanism for medical military discharge. Military boots have been cited as a key mechanism responsible for the high incidence of chronic injuries. The British Army has therefore introduced two new footwears – a cross-trainer and running shoe to reduce the incidence of chronic injuries. The aim of this study was to compare knee joint kinetics of the cross-trainer and running shoe in relation to conventional military boots. Twelve male participants ran at 4.0 m s−1 in each footwear condition. Knee joint kinetics was obtained and contrasted using repeated-measures ANOVAs. The results showed that patellofemoral load was significantly greater in the military boots. However, peak knee abduction moment was significantly greater in the running shoes. On the basis of the findings from this study, it is recommended that recruits who are susceptible to injuries mediated through excessive knee loads select the cross-trainer for their running activities

Sex differences in limb and joint stiffnes in recreational runners

Purpose. Female runners are known to be at greater risk from chronic running injuries than age-matched males, although the exact mechanisms are often poorly understood. The aim of the current investigation was to determine if female recreational runners exhibit distinct limb and joint stiffness characteristics in relation to their male counterparts. Methods. Fourteen male and fourteen female runners ran over a force platform at 4.0 m · s–1. Lower limb kinematics were collected using an eight-camera optoelectric motion capture system operating at 250 Hz. Measures of limb and joint stiffness were calculated as a function of limb length and joint moments divided by the extent of limb and joint excursion. All stiffness and joint moment parameters were normalized to body mass. Sex differences in normalized limb and knee and ankle joint stiffness were examined statistically using independent samples t tests. Results. The results indicate that normalized limb (male = 0.18 ± 0.07, female = 0.37 ± 0.10 kN · kg · m–1) and knee stiffness (male = 5.59 ± 2.02, female = 7.34 ± 1.78 Nm · kg · rad–1) were significantly greater in female runners. Conclusions. On the basis that normalized knee and limb stiffness were shown to be significantly greater in female runners, the findings from the current investigation may provide further insight into the aetiology of the distinct injury patterns observed between sexes

ECCOPLACE : an economic development strategy

As stated in the thesis project, "The ECCO Place Project of Providence, Rhode Island has its beginning rooted in the strategies and dreams of what has now been defined as the Civil Rights Movement of the fifties and sixties. The struggle centered around the re-cognition of equal rights and equal access. At that time it was access, now it is assets for this is the track that the "Movement" was on. On February 19, 1968 on the occassion of the gathering of over 1200 urban Pastors at the Miami Sheraton Convention Center. Reverend Virgil Wood in his keynote address pro-posed an economic development arm to the Civil Rights move-ment. The meeting in Miami concerned itself with the up-coming Poor Peoples Campaign. Dr. Wood suggested Marching on Wallstreet to close it down in order to address economic injustice." (Library-derived description)Taylor, K. B. (1988). ECCOPLACE : an economic development strategy. Retrieved from http://academicarchive.snhu.eduMaster of Science (M.S.)School of Community Economic Developmen

The Effects of Barefoot and Shod Running on Limb and Joint Stiffness Characteristics in Recreational Runners.

The authors aimed to determine the effects of barefoot (BF) and several commercially available barefoot-inspired (BFIS) footwear models on limb and joint stiffness characteristics compared with conventional footwear (CF). Fifteen male participants ran over a force platform at 4.0 m.s-1, in BF, BFIS, and CF conditions. Measures of limb and joint stiffness were calculated for each footwear. The results indicate that limb and knee stiffness were greater in BF and minimalist BFIS than in CF. CF and more structured BFIS were associated with a greater ankle stiffness compared with BF and minimalist BFIS. These findings serve to provide further insight into the susceptibility of runners to different injury mechanisms as a function of footwear

Influence of minimalist footwear on knee and ankle loads during the squash lunge

Squash is associated with a high incidence of knee and ankle joint injuries. The aim of this work was to examine the effects of squash specific, running shoes and minimalist footwear on knee and ankle loads during the lunge movement in squash players. Twelve male squash players performed lunge movements whilst wearing squash specific, running shoes and minimalist footwear. The loads experienced by the knee and ankle joints were calculated. Patellofemoral forces were significantly greater in running shoes (5.10 B.W) compared to minimalist footwear (4.29 B.W). Achille tendon forces were significantly larger in the minimalist footwear (3.10 B.W) compared to the running shoes (2.64 B.W) and squash specific footwear (2.88 B.W). This shows that whilst minimalist footwear may reduce the incidence of knee pathologies in squash players corresponding increases in ankle loading may induce an injury risk at this joint