Endodontic management of an Infected Immature Tooth with Spontaneous Root Closure and Type II Dens Invaginatus: A Case Report

Apical periodontitis in an immature maxillary lateral incisor (#10) with arrested root development and a natural closure of the open apex in 22-year-old male was endodontically treated in a manner that conserved the existing hard tissue barrier (HTB). A dens invaginatus Oehlers II was also present. The patient reported no symptoms, but did recall an incident of dental trauma as a child. A 3D image showed the nature of the HTB closing the open foramen as well as the anatomy of the immature root with the dens invaginatus. Porosities were seen in the HTB and that is consistent with the histological “Swiss Cheese” appearance known to occur in apexification. Endodontic treatment was performed in a single-visit. Access to the root canal system (RCS) included penetration through the dens invaginatus. The canal was not mechanically cleaned, but only irrigated with sodium hypochlorite, ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (EDTA), chlorhexidine using the EndoVac® system. The barrier was maintained and covered with a 5mm layer of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). A sterile damp sponge was placed on the MTA. On the following visit the MTA had set, and an EndoSequence fiber post was placed in the canal and EndoSequence dual-cure core build-up material was used to close the access and restore the tooth. A clinical and radiographic follow-up, 30 months after the initial treatment revealed resolution of the radiolucency and apical trabecular bone deposition and the patient was asymptomatic

Therapies for bleomycin induced lung fibrosis through regulation of TGF-Β1 induced collagen gene expression

This review describes normal and abnormal wound healing, the latter characterized by excessive fibrosis and scarring, which for lung can result in morbidity and sometimes mortality. The cells, the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, and the growth factors regulating the synthesis, degradation, and deposition of the ECM proteins will be discussed. Therapeutics with particular emphasis given to gene therapies and their effects on specific signaling pathways are described. Bleomycin (BM), a potent antineoplastic antibiotic increases TGF-Β1 transcription, TGF-Β1 gene expression, and TGF-Β protein. Like TGF-Β1, BM acts through the same distal promoter cis -element of the COL1A1 gene causing increased COL1 synthesis and lung fibrosis. Lung fibroblasts exist as subpopulations with one subset predominately responding to fibrogenic stimuli which could be a specific cell therapeutic target for the onset and development of pulmonary fibrosis. J. Cell. Physiol. 211: 585–589, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/55994/1/20972_ftp.pd

Residual antibiofilm effects of various concentrations of double antibiotic paste used during regenerative endodontics after different application times

Objective We investigated the residual antibiofilm effects of different concentrations of double antibiotic paste (DAP) applied on radicular dentin for 1 or 4 weeks. Design Dentin samples were prepared (n = 120), sterilized and pretreated for 1 or 4 weeks with the clinically used concentration of DAP (500 mg/mL), low concentrations of DAP (1, 5 or 50 mg/mL) loaded into a methylcellulose system, calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), or placebo paste. After the assigned treatment time, treatment pastes were rinsed off and the samples were kept independently in phosphate buffered saline for 3 weeks. Pretreated dentin samples were then inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis and bacterial biofilms were allowed to grow for an additional 3 weeks. Biofilms were then retrieved from dentin using biofilm disruption assays, diluted, spiral plated, and quantified. Fisher’s Exact and Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used for statistical comparisons (α=0.05). Results Dentin pretreatment for 4 weeks with 5, 50 or 500 mg/mL of DAP demonstrated significantly higher residual antibiofilm effects and complete eradication of E. faecalis biofilms in comparison to a 1 week pretreatment with similar concentrations. However, dentin pretreated with 1 mg/mL of DAP or Ca(OH)2 did not provide a substantial residual antibiofilm effect regardless of the application time. Conclusions Dentin pretreatment with 5 mg/mL of DAP or higher for 4 weeks induced significantly higher residual antibiofilm effects in comparison to a 1 week pretreatment with the same concentrations

Building Simulation 7h International Building Performance Simulation Association Conference in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Abstract Energy savings from the use of daylighting in commercial buildings are realized through implementation of photoelectric lighting controls that dim electric lights when sufficient daylight is available to provide adequate workplane illumination. The dimming level of electric lighting is based on the signal of a photosensor. Current simulation approaches for such systems are based on the questionable assumption that the signal of the photosensor is proportional to the task illuminance. This paper presents a method that simulates the performance of photosensor controls considering the acceptance angle, angular sensitivity, placement of the photosensor within a space, and color correction filter. The method is based on the multiplication of two fisheye images: one generated from the angular sensitivity of the photosensor and the other from a 180-or 360-degree fisheye image of the space as "seen" by the photosensor. The paper includes a detailed description of the method and its implementation, example applications, and validation results based on comparison with measurements in an actual office space. Introduction Controlling the output of electric lights using photosensor-based control technology can maximize energy savings resulting from daylighting while preserving occupant comfort and productivit

The effects of radicular dentine treated with double antibiotic paste and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid on the attachment and proliferation of dental pulp stem cells

Aim This study explored the effects of dentine treated with two concentrations of double antibiotic paste (DAP) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on the attachment and proliferation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). Materials and Methods Radicular dentine samples were prepared with identical dimensions and randomized into six groups (n = 4). Four groups were treated with double antibiotic paste (DAP) at concentrations of 500 mg ml−1 or 1 mg ml−1 with or without EDTA. The other two groups were treated with EDTA only or received no treatment. DPSCs were seeded on each dentine sample (10 000 cells per sample). Lactate dehydrogenase activity assays were used to calculate the attached DPSCs after 1 day of incubation. Water soluble tetrazolium assays were performed to investigate DPSCs proliferation on the treated dentine samples after three additional days of incubation. Two-way anova followed by Tukey–Kramer tests was used for statistical analyses (α = 0.05). Results Dentine treated with 1 or 500 mg ml−1 of DAP followed by EDTA caused significant increases in DPSCs attachment compared to the dentine treated with the DAP alone. The 500 mg ml−1 of DAP with or without EDTA caused significant reductions in DPSCs proliferation. However, the treatment of dentine with 1 mg ml−1 of DAP did not have significant negative effects on DPSCs proliferation regardless of the use of EDTA. Conclusion The use of 1 mg ml−1 of DAP followed by 10 min of irrigation with EDTA in endodontic regeneration procedure may have no negative effects on the attachment and proliferation of DPSCs

Are the Genes nadA and norB Involved in Formation of Aflatoxin G1?

Aflatoxins, the most toxic and carcinogenic family of fungal secondary metabolites, are frequent contaminants of foods intended for human consumption. Previous studies showed that formation of G-group aflatoxins (AFs) from O-methylsterigmatocystin (OMST) by certain Aspergillus species involves oxidation by the cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, OrdA (AflQ) and CypA (AflU). However, some of the steps in the conversion have not yet been fully defined. Extracts of Aspergillus parasiticus disruption mutants of the OYE-FMN binding domain reductase-encoding gene nadA (aflY) contained a 386 Da AFG1 precursor. A compound with this mass was predicted as the product of sequential OrdA and CypA oxidation of OMST. Increased amounts of a 362 Da alcohol, the presumptive product of NadA reduction, accumulate in extracts of fungi with disrupted aryl alcohol dehydrogenase-encoding gene norB. These results show that biosynthesis of AFG1 involves NadA reduction and NorB oxidation

Expression Profiling of Non-Aflatoxigenic Aspergillus parasiticus Mutants Obtained by 5-Azacytosine Treatment or Serial Mycelial Transfer

Aflatoxins are carcinogenic secondary metabolites produced by the fungi Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Previous studies found that repeated serial mycelial transfer or treatment of A. parasiticus with 5-azacytidine produced colonies with a fluffy phenotype and inability to produce aflatoxins. To understand how these treatments affect expression of genes involved in aflatoxin production and development, we carried out expressed sequence tag (EST)-based microarray assays to identify genes in treated clones that are differentially expressed compared to the wild-type. Expression of 183 genes was significantly dysregulated. Of these, 38 had at least two-fold or lower expression compared to the untreated control and only two had two-fold or higher expression. The most frequent change was downregulation of genes predicted to encode membrane-bound proteins. Based on this result we hypothesize that the treatments cause changes in the structure of cellular and organelle membranes that prevent normal development and aflatoxin biosynthesis