En dik iniş yöntemi ve uygulamaları

06.03.2018 tarihli ve 30352 sayılı Resmi Gazetede yayımlanan “Yükseköğretim Kanunu İle Bazı Kanun Ve Kanun Hükmünde Kararnamelerde Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun” ile 18.06.2018 tarihli “Lisansüstü Tezlerin Elektronik Ortamda Toplanması, Düzenlenmesi ve Erişime Açılmasına İlişkin Yönerge” gereğince tam metin erişime açılmıştır.Bu çalışmada lineer ve nonlineer denklem takımlarının çözümünün bulunmasında oldukça önemli yeri olan ve operatörlerin maksimum veya minimum tespitinde kullanılan ve diğer yöntemlere göre çözüm için gerekli olan başlangıç noktası seçimini daha serbest kılan en dik iniş yönteminin teorisine ve uygulamalarına yer verilmiştir.U normlu uzay ve genellikle reel değerli, nonlineer fonksiyonel ve alttan sınırlı olsun. Alttan sınırlı olduğu için ve ? u ? U vektörü için ?(u)?c olacak şekilde c sabiti vardır. Buna göre ?(u) nin bir infimumu yani inf?(u ? U) {?(u)} sayısı vardır. Bu çalışmada ?(u^*) = inf?(u ? U) {?(u)} ve u_n?u^* olacak şekilde u_n dizisi varsa bunun için kullanılabilecek bir yaklaştırım yöntemi üzerinde durulmuştur.Tezin birinci bölümünde ileride kullanılacak olan bazı teoremlere ve bilinmesi gereken temel tanımlara yer verilmiş ve ait oldukları kaynakça son kısımlarda numara ile belirtilmiştir.Tezin ikinci bölümünde çalışmanın asıl konusu olan En Dik İniş Yönteminin teorisi anlatılmış olup teorik bir uygulamaya yer verilmiştir.Son bölüm olan üçüncü kısımda da yöntemin uygulaması niteliğinde birkaç uygulamaya yer verilmiştir. Bu bölümde yer alan uygulamaların çözümünde kullanılan matematiksel programlara ekler kısmında yer verilmiştir.Anahtar kelimeler: En dik iniş yöntemi, minimum nokta, gradient metoduIn this thesis, the use of steepest descent method in the approximate solution of the linear and nonlineer operator equations is investigated.Some basic mathematical concepts are given in the first chapter.Some of them can be listed as Lipschtz condition, Banach and Hilbert space, Frechet derivative.In the second chapter, detailed information about steepest descent method and its theory is presented.In the following chapter, the application of steepest descent method to a linear differantial equation and to a system of linear equation is given. Additionally, by giving some examples, theoretical and practical results are displayed in the last chapter.Also, the packet programs of the solutions obtained by steepest descent method are taken place in the appendix.Keywords: Steepest descent , minimum point, gradient metho

Investigation of the properties of natural fibre woven fabrics as a reinforcement materials for green composites

The mechanical properties of flax and jute woven fabrics were investigated and compared with each other. Mechanical properties of the yarns and fabrics were characterised and compared for each scale. The fabric structure, yarn physical properties, fibre cross-section, and fibre molecular structure parameters of the fabric were investigated. FTIR and TGA thermogram analyses were applied to the fabrics to characterise them. The fabric tensile strength was attributed to the composite tensile strength, but there was not a direct relation. The tensile strength of natural fibre fabrics was determined as significantly reduced depending on the temperature increase. This condition should be considered as an important limitation for composite applications

Ege Doğumevi ve Kadın Hastalıkları Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Aile Planlaması Bölümü'ne 2001-2005 yılları arasında başvuran perimenopozal kadınlar tarafından kullanılan kontraseptif yöntemler

Amaç: Bu çalısmanın amacı Ege bölgesi'ndeki perimenopozal kadınlar tarafından tercih edilen kontraseptif yöntemleri ve bu yöntemlerin devamlılık oranını saptamaktır. Yöntem: Agustos 2001 ve Nisan 2005 tarihleri arasında hastanemiz aile planlaması bölümüne kontrasepsiyon için basvuran toplam 442 perimenopozal kadın bu prospektif klinik çalısmaya dahil edildi. Bulgular: Kadınların ortalama yası 47.4±4.8 idi. En sık seçilen kontraseptif yöntemler kombine oral kontraseptifler (OKS) (%31) ve Depo medroxyprogesteroneacetate (DMPA) (%28.5) idi. Tuba ligasyonu ve vazektomiyi içeren kalıcı yöntemler dıslandıgında, en yüksek devamlılık oranı olan yöntemOKS(%83.9) idi. Sonuç: Bariyer kontrasepsiyon ve RIA perimenopozal periyoddaki kadınlar için önerilen yöntemler olmasına ragmen, hastanemiz aile planlaması bölümüne basvuran perimenopozal Ege bölgesi kadınlarının sadece %20.1'i bu yöntemleri tercih etmektedir. Perimenopozal kadınların kontraseptif seçimine ve bu kontraseptif yöntemlerin devamlılık oranlarına etki eden faktörleri arastıran daha fazla çalısmaya ihtiyaç vardır.Objective: To detect usage frequency and continuing rate of several contraceptive methods chosen by perimenopausal women surviving in Aegean region. Method: A total of 442 perimenopausal women who applied to family planning unit of our hospital for contraception in between August 2001 and April 2005 were enrolled into this prospective clinical study. Results: Mean age of the women was 47.4±4.8. The most common selected contraceptive methods were combined oral contraceptives (OCs) (31%) and Depo medroxyprogesteroneacetate (DMPA) (28.5%). If permanent methods including tuba ligation and vasectomy were excluded, the highest continuation rate was for OCs (83.9%). Conclusion: Although barrier contraception and IUD are suggested method for women in perimenopausal period, only 20.1% of perimenopausal Aegean region women appliying family planning unit of our hospital have chosen these methods. There is needed to further studies investigating the factors influence on the preparation of contraceptive methods of perimenopausal women and the continuation rate of these methods

Tip 1 Diyabetes Mellituslu Çocuklarda Tanı Anındaki Klinik ve Laboratuvar Bulgularının Değerlendirilmesi

Objective: The aim of our study is to evaluation of clinical and laboratory findings at the time of diagnosis in children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM). Methods: In this study, 142 children diagnosed with T1DM who were referred to Pediatric Endocrinology Policlinic and Emergency Policlinic of Dicle University Medical Faculty between 2013 and 2016 were evaluated. Retrospectively, the sociodemographic characteristics, symptoms and laboratory findings of the patients were recorded from the files. All the data obtained were evaluated statistically. Results: Sixty two (43.66%) of the patients were girls. The mean age was 10,10 ± 1,39 years. The blood glucose level at diagnosis was 425,85 ± 12,51 mg/dl and HbA1c was 13,57 ± 3,77. Anti-Glutamate Decarboxylase (anti-GAD) positivity was detected in 47.8% of the cases. 18.3% of the patients had a T1DM story in their family. Patients were diagnosed mostly in January (12.6%) and November (11.9%). 83.8% of cases had both polyuria and polydipsia, 41.5% had consciousness level change and 6.3% had coma. Ketoacidosis was present in 43% of the patients at the time of admission, ketosis in 48.5% and only hyperglycemia in 8.5%. Conclusion: Type 1 DM is mostly observed in adolescence. The most common symptoms of the disease are polyuria and polydipsia. For this reason the community needs to be educated that polyuria and polydipsia may have T1DM findings. Awareness of the community in this issue can reduce the frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis, the most important complication of diabetes

Scrotal calcinosis due to resorption of cyst walls: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Scrotal calcinosis is a rare benign entity defined as the presence of multiple calcified nodules within the scrotal skin. There are controversies about the origin of this entity. In fact, it is still debatable whether scrotal calcinosis is an idiopathic growth or dystrophic calcification of dartoic muscles. It is also unclear whether scrotal calcinosis originates from inflammation of epidermal cysts affected by mild to moderate inflammation of mononuclear cells, from foreign body granuloma formation followed by resorption of cyst walls or from eccrine epithelial cysts.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We report a 41-year-old male Turkish patient presenting with a 10-year history of scrotal tumours increasing slowly in size and number. Histopathologically, there was no epithelial lining around the calcified nodules, but there was fibrosis adjacent to atrophic stratified squamous epithelium.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Results of histopathological examinations suggested that scrotal calcinosis might have been due to resorption of cyst walls. Surgery remains the key for this problem. In cases of non-massive scrotal calcinosis, like the case presented here, excision of the nodules from the affected part of the scrotal wall and repairing the defect with horizontal stitches offer good cosmetic results without relapse.</p

In a real-life setting, direct-acting antivirals to people who inject drugs with chronic hepatitis c in Turkey

Background: People who inject drugs (PWID) should be treated in order to eliminate hepatitis C virus in the world. The aim of this study was to compare direct-acting antivirals treatment of hepatitis C virus for PWID and non-PWID in a real-life setting. Methods: We performed a prospective, non-randomized, observational multicenter cohort study in 37 centers. All patients treated with direct-acting antivirals between April 1, 2017, and February 28, 2019, were included. In total, 2713 patients were included in the study among which 250 were PWID and 2463 were non-PWID. Besides patient characteristics, treatment response, follow-up, and side effects of treatment were also analyzed. Results: Genotype 1a and 3 were more prevalent in PWID-infected patients (20.4% vs 9.9% and 46.8% vs 5.3%). The number of naïve patients was higher in PWID (90.7% vs 60.0%), while the number of patients with cirrhosis was higher in non-PWID (14.1% vs 3.7%). The loss of follow-up was higher in PWID (29.6% vs 13.6%). There was no difference in the sustained virologic response at 12 weeks after treatment (98.3% vs 98.4%), but the end of treatment response was lower in PWID (96.2% vs 99.0%). In addition, the rate of treatment completion was lower in PWID (74% vs 94.4%). Conclusion: Direct-acting antivirals were safe and effective in PWID. Primary measures should be taken to prevent the loss of follow-up and poor adherence in PWID patients in order to achieve World Health Organization’s objective of eliminating viral hepatitis

Real-world efficacy and safety of Ledipasvir plus Sofosbuvir and Ombitasvir/Paritaprevir/Ritonavir +/- Dasabuvir combination therapies for chronic hepatitis C: A Turkish experience

Background/Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the real-life efficacy and tolerability of direct-acting antiviral treatments for patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) with/without cirrhosis in the Turkish population.Material and Methods: A total of 4,352 patients with CHC from 36 different institutions in Turkey were enrolled. They received ledipasvir (LDV) and sofosbuvir (SOF)+/- ribavirin (RBV) ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir +/- dasabuvir (PrOD)+/- RBV for 12 or 24 weeks. Sustained virologic response (SVR) rates, factors affecting SVR, safety profile, and hepatocellular cancer (HCC) occurrence were analyzed.Results: SVR12 was achieved in 92.8% of the patients (4,040/4,352) according to intention-to-treat and in 98.3% of the patients (4,040/4,108) according to per-protocol analysis. The SVR12 rates were similar between the treatment regimens (97.2%-100%) and genotypes (95.6%-100%). Patients achieving SVR showed a significant decrease in the mean serum alanine transaminase (ALT) levels (50.90 +/- 54.60 U/L to 17.00 +/- 14.50 U/L) and model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) scores (7.51 +/- 4.54 to 7.32 +/- 3.40) (p<0.05). Of the patients, 2 were diagnosed with HCC during the treatment and 14 were diagnosed with HCC 37.0 +/- 16.0 weeks post-treatment. Higher initial MELD score (odds ratio [OR]: 1.92, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22-2.38; p=0.023]), higher hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA levels (OR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.31-2.28; p=0.038), and higher serum ALT levels (OR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.21-1.83; p=0.042) were associated with poor SVR12. The most common adverse events were fatigue (12.6%), pruritis (7.3%), increased serum ALT (4.7%) and bilirubin (3.8%) levels, and anemia (3.1%).Conclusion: LDV/SOF or PrOD +/- RBV were effective and tolerable treatments for patients with CHC and with or without advanced liver disease before and after liver transplantation. Although HCV eradication improves the liver function, there is a risk of developing HCC.Turkish Association for the Study of The Liver (TASL