2,283 research outputs found
An Optimised High Current Impulse Source
Starting from a predefined 8/20 ”s impulse current, the design and construction of an impulse current source is derived. In the first step an equivalent circuit is defined that meets exactly the predefined impulse current. In the next step the components that are required to realise the equivalent circuit diagram are chosen and modelled by their equivalent circuit diagrams. As far as the components do not show ideal behaviour, the stray parameters if the components are determined by calculation and measurement. Further on, the construction parameters for the geometric structure of the plant are derived from the equivalent circuit diagram of the entire impulse generating network. Finally it is shown that the measured current of the realised impulse current generator meets exactly the desired predefined impulse current
The origin of organic emission in NGC 2071
Context: The physical origin behind organic emission in embedded low-mass
star formation has been fiercely debated in the last two decades. A multitude
of scenarios have been proposed, from a hot corino to PDRs on cavity walls to
shock excitation.
Aims: The aim of this paper is to determine the location and the
corresponding physical conditions of the gas responsible for organics emission
lines. The outflows around the small protocluster NGC 2071 are an ideal testbed
to differentiate between various scenarios.
Methods: Using Herschel-HIFI and the SMA, observations of CH3OH, H2CO and
CH3CN emission lines over a wide range of excitation energies were obtained.
Comparisons to a grid of radiative transfer models provide constraints on the
physical conditions. Comparison to H2O line shape is able to trace gas-phase
synthesis versus a sputtered origin.
Results: Emission of organics originates in three spots: the continuum
sources IRS 1 ('B') and IRS 3 ('A') as well as a outflow position ('F').
Densities are above 10 cm and temperatures between 100 to 200 K.
CH3OH emission observed with HIFI originates in all three regions and cannot be
associated with a single region. Very little organic emission originates
outside of these regions.
Conclusions: Although the three regions are small (<1,500 AU), gas-phase
organics likely originate from sputtering of ices due to outflow activity. The
derived high densities (>10 cm) are likely a requirement for organic
molecules to survive from being destroyed by shock products. The lack of
spatially extended emission confirms that organic molecules cannot (re)form
through gas-phase synthesis, as opposed to H2O, which shows strong line wing
emission. The lack of CH3CN emission at 'F' is evidence for a different history
of ice processing due to the absence of a protostar at that location and recent
ice mantle evaporation.Comment: 10 Pages, 8 figures, Accepted for Astronomy and Astrophysic
Protocols for spatial analysis to be implemented in the domain editor by WP5 - Allocation of farm types spatially including the new Member states
Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Land Economics/Use, Production Economics,
Conductance of Pd-H nanojunctions
Results of an experimental study of palladium nanojunctions in hydrogen
environment are presented. Two new hydrogen-related atomic configurations are
found, which have a conductances of ~0.5 and ~1 quantum unit (2e^2/h). Phonon
spectrum measurements demonstrate that these configurations are situated
between electrodes containing dissolved hydrogen. The crucial differences
compared to the previously studied Pt-H_2 junctions, and the possible
microscopic realizations of the new configurations in palladium-hydrogen
atomic-sized contacts are discussed.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Feshbach resonances with large background scattering length: interplay with open-channel resonances
Feshbach resonances are commonly described by a single-resonance Feshbach
model, and open-channel resonances are not taken into account explicitly.
However, an open-channel resonance near threshold limits the range of validity
of this model. Such a situation exists when the background scattering length is
much larger than the range of the interatomic potential. The open-channel
resonance introduces strong threshold effects not included in the
single-resonance description. We derive an easy-to-use analytical model that
takes into account both the Feshbach resonance and the open-channel resonance.
We apply our model to Rb, which has a large background scattering
length, and show that the agreement with coupled-channels calculations is
excellent. The model can be readily applied to other atomic systems with a
large background scattering length, such as Li and Cs. Our approach
provides full insight into the underlying physics of the interplay between
open-channel (or potential) resonances and Feshbach resonances.Comment: 16 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. A; v2:
added reference
Grammatical workspace sharing during language production and language comprehension: Evidence from grammatical multitasking
Grammatical encoding and grammatical decoding (in sentence production and comprehension, respectively) are often portrayed as independent modalities of grammatical performance that only share declarative resources: lexicon and grammar. The processing resources subserving these modalities are supposed to be distinct. In particular, one assumes the existence of two workspaces where grammatical structures are assembled and temporarily maintainedâone for each modality. An alternative theory holds that the two modalities share many of their processing resources and postulates a single mechanism for the online assemblage and short-term storage of grammatical structures: a shared workspace. We report two experiments with a novel âgrammatical multitaskingâ paradigm: the participants had to read (i.e., decode) and to paraphrase (encode) sentences presented in fragments, responding to each input fragment as fast as possible with a fragment of the paraphrase. The main finding was that grammatical constraints with respect to upcoming input that emanate from decoded sentence fragments are immediately replaced by grammatical expectations emanating from the structure of the corresponding paraphrase fragments. This evidences that the two modalities have direct access to, and operate upon, the same (i.e., token-identical) grammatical structures. This is possible only if the grammatical encoding and decoding processes command the same, shared grammatical workspace. Theoretical implications for important forms of grammatical multitaskingâself-monitoring, turn-taking in dialogue, speech shadowing, and simultaneous translationâare explored
Dietary fibre enrichment of supplemental feed modulates the development of the intestinal tract in suckling piglets
Background: Commercial pre-weaning diets are formulated to be highly digestible and nutrient-dense and contain low levels of dietary fibre. In contrast, pigs in a natural setting are manipulating fibre-rich plant material from a young age. Moreover, dietary fibre affects gastrointestinal tract (GIT) development and health in older pigs. We hypothesised that supplemental diets that contain vegetal fibres are accelerating GIT development in suckling piglets in terms of size and functionality. From d 2 of life, sow-suckled piglets had access to a low fibre diet (CON), a diet with a fermentable long-chain arabinoxylan (lc-AXOS), a diet with a largely non-fermentable purified cellulose (CELL), or a diet containing both fibres. During the initial 2 weeks, the control diet was a high-density milk replacer, followed by a dry and highly digestible creep meal. Upon weaning at 25 d, 15 piglets from each treatment group, identified as eaters and originating from six or seven litters, were sacrificed for post-mortem examination of GIT morphology, small intestinal permeability and metabolic profile of the digesta. The microbiota composition of the mid-colon was evaluated in a sub-set of ten piglets.
Results: No major statistical interactions between the fibre sources were observed. Piglets consumed the fibre-containing milk supplements and creep diets well. Stomach size and small intestinal permeability was not affected. Large intestinal fill was increased with lc-AXOS only, while relative large intestinal weight was increased with both fibre sources (P < 0.050). Also, CELL decreased ileal pH and tended to increase ileal DM content compared to CON (P < 0.050). Moreover, the concentration of volatile fatty acids was increased in the caecum (P < 0.100) and mid-colon (P < 0.050) by addition of CELL. lc-AXOS only stimulated caecal propionate (P < 0.050). The microbiota composition showed a high individual variation and limited dietary impact. Nonetheless, CELL induced minor shifts in specific genera, with notable reductions of Escherichia-Shigella.
Conclusions: Adding dietary fibres to the supplemental diet of suckling piglets altered large intestinal morphology but not small intestinal permeability. Moreover, dietary fibre showed effects on fermentation and modest changes of microbial populations in the hindgut, with more prominent effects from the low-fermentable cellulose
- âŠ