The magnetoelectrochemical switch

In the field of spintronics, the archetype solid-state two-terminal device is the spin valve, where the resistance is controlled by the magnetization configuration. We show here how this concept of spin-dependent switch can be extended to magnetic electrodes in solution, by magnetic control of their chemical environment. Appropriate nanoscale design allows a huge enhancement of the magnetic force field experienced by paramagnetic molecular species in solutions, which changes between repulsive and attractive on changing the electrodes' magnetic orientations. Specifically, the field gradient force created within a sub-100-nm-sized nanogap separating two magnetic electrodes can be reversed by changing the orientation of the electrodes' magnetization relative to the current flowing between the electrodes. This can result in a breaking or making of an electric nanocontact, with a change of resistance by a factor of up to 103. The results reveal how an external field can impact chemical equilibrium in the vicinity of nanoscale magnetic circuits

Zircon U-Pb-Hf evidence for subduction related crustal growth and reworking of Archaean crust within the Palaeoproterozoic Birimian terrane, West African Craton, SE Ghana

Zircon Lu-Hf isotopic data from granites of southern and northwestern Ghana have been used to investigate the contribution of reworked Archaean bedrock to the Birimian crust of Ghana, West African Craton. Zircon from seven localities in southern Ghana and one locality in western Ghana were analysed. Combined U-Pb and Lu-Hf isotope data suggest juvenile crustal addition between 2.3–2.1 Ga, with a short period of reworking of Archaean crust. Until now, evidence for reworking of Archaean basement during Birimian magmatism in Ghana has hinged on whole-rock Nd model-ages of the Winneba pluton, and sparse inherited zircon grains from mainly northwestern Ghana. Our data suggest that reworking of Archaean crust is greater than previously inferred, but was limited to between ∼2.14–2.13 Ga. This period of reworking of older crustal components was preceded and succeeded by juvenile crustal addition. Coupled isotopic data suggest an eastward, mainly retreating arc system with a shorter pulse of accretion between ∼2.18–2.13 Ga and a rapid return to slab retreat during the growth of the Birimian terrane. The accretionary phase initiated melting of sub-continental lithospheric mantle and the overlying Archaean crust, generating magma with sub-chondritic Hf signatures. Subsequent slab retreat led to trench-ward movement of the magmatic activity and the mixture of juvenile and Archaean crust was replaced by uncontaminated juvenile magma. The 2.23 Ga age of the West Accra granodiorite (PK105) demonstrates the emplacement of felsic rocks during the Eoeburnean and pre-dates the suggested plume related rocks, contradicting suggested plume initiated subduction

Mannan-Binding Lectin Levels and Activity Are Not Altered in Atopic Dermatitis Patients with a History of Eczema Herpeticum

Background. Eczema herpeticum (EH) is a potentially serious, systemic complication in subjects with atopic dermatitis (AD) caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV). The innate immune dysregulation that predisposes these subjects to cutaneous viral infections is not well understood. We tested the hypothesis that defects in mannan-binding lectin (MBL) may be associated with an increased risk of EH. Methods. We evaluated serum MBL levels and functional activity in 13 AD subjects with a history of EH (EH+) and 21 AD subjects with no history of EH (EH−). MBL levels were detected by enzyme immunoassay. MBL pathway functional activity was evaluated by determining MBL C4b deposition capacity. Results. We found no statistical difference in MBL serum levels or function between EH+ and EH− groups. Conclusion. Considering the limitations of this study (e.g., small samples size) our findings suggest that MBL defects do not play a role in EH

trans-Carbonyl­chloridobis[tris­(4-meth­oxy­phen­yl)phosphane-κP]rhodium(I)

The title complex, [RhCl(C21H21O3P)2(CO)], is a rhodium analogue to Vaska’s complex with para-meth­oxy substituents on the six phosphan­yl–aryl units. Two independent mol­ecules are present in the unit cell, with their metal atoms both located on an inversion centre. This causes the chloride and carbonyl ligands to exhibit a positional disorder in a 0.5:0.5 ratio. The two RhI atoms exhibit a distorted square-planar geometry. There are a few weak intra­molecular C—H⋯X inter­actions (X = O, Cl). Inter­estingly, no significant inter­molecular inter­actions are found between the two independent mol­ecules

Автоматизированная информационно-библиотечная система «Библиобус»: современная версия

The article is devoted to the work of the automated information library system (AILS) “Bibliobus”, developed by specialists of the Library for Natural Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (LNS RAS). The purpose of this article is to acquaint readers of the journal with the specific features of the modern AILS “Bibliobus” that provides complex automation of the main technological processes on the “way of book” of non-periodicals received in the centralized library system (CLS) holdings of LNS RAS. The authors describe capability features and functions of the system, the rules of work with it, the user interface for performing work related to centralized acquisition, book registration and distribution of the incoming books between the CLS libraries, cataloguing, classifying, etc. The system has a number of features that distinguish it from most automated library systems. It is focused on the centralized library network; part of the information is entered in the Centre, part — interactively in the libraries of the network; all the accounting and financial documents required by the centralized system are generated automatically. The AILS “Bibliobus” widely uses the bar coding, it applies to all stages of publication processing on the “way of book”; the bar codes appear on all supporting documents and printed cards. When cataloguing the publications, bibliographer introduces in the main “window” of system the bibliographic description in the format of State Standard GOST 7.1—2003 with some mark-ups, and in additional “windows” — the maximum possible metadata, providing multi-aspect search of the publication in the catalogue; the search fields for e-catalogue are generated automatically. The AILS “Bibliobus” provides for the formation of multi-level records. Its database stores the images of scanned text pages displayed in the electronic catalogue; all operations are logged with the start and end time, which allowed building on its basis a powerful reference and statistical system. The system has a modern user interface that allows the operator to obtain multiple information on various aspects of technological operations.Статья посвящена работе автоматизированной информационно-библиотечной системы (АИБС) «Библиобус», разработанной специалистами Библиотеки по естественным наукам Российской академии наук (БЕН РАН). Цель статьи — познакомить читателей журнала с особенностями современной АИБС «Библиобус», обеспечивающей комплексную автоматизацию основных технологических процессов по «пути книги» непериодических изданий, поступающих в фонды ЦБС БЕН РАН. Описываются возможности и функции системы, правила работы с ней, пользовательский интерфейс при выполнении работ, связанных с централизованным комплектованием, регистрацией поступлений и распределением поступающих книг между библиотеками ЦБС, каталогизацией, систематизацией и т. д. Система имеет ряд особенностей, отличающих ее от большинства автоматизированных библиотечных систем. Она ориентирована на централизованную библиотечную сеть, часть информации вводится в центре, часть — в библиотеках сети в интерактивном режиме; все необходимые для централизованной системы учетно-финансовые документы формируются автоматически. В АИБС «Библиобус» широко используется штрих-кодирование — оно применяется на всех этапах обработки издания по «пути книги», штрих-коды выводятся на все сопроводительные документы и на печатные карточки. При каталогизации изданий библиограф вводит в основное «окно» системы библиографическое описание в формате ГОСТ 7.1—2003 с некоторой разметкой, а в дополнительные «окна» — максимально возможное количество метаданных, обеспечивающих многоаспектный поиск издания в каталоге; поисковые поля для электронного каталога формируются автоматически. АИБС «Библиобус» предусматривает формирование многоуровневых записей. В ее базе данных хранятся образы отсканированных страниц текста, выводимые в электронный каталог; протоколируются все операции с указанием времени начала и конца, что позволило построить на ее основе мощную справочно-статистическую систему. Система обладает современным пользовательским интерфейсом, позволяющим оператору получать информацию по различным аспектам технологических операций

(N-Benzoyl-N′-phenyl­thio­urea-κS)chlorido(η4-1,5-cyclo­octa­diene)rhodium(I)

The title compound, [RhCl(C8H12)(C14H12N2OS)], is a rhodium(I) derivative with a functionalized thio­urea ligand. Despite the presence of several heteroatoms, the thio­urea ligand coordinates only in a monodentate fashion via the S atom. The geometry of the coordination sphere is approximately square planar about the RhI atom, with two bonds to the π-electrons of the 1,5-cyclo­octa­diene ligand, one bond to the Cl− ligand and one bond to the S atom of the thio­urea ligand. The mol­ecular structure is stabilized by intra­molecular N—H⋯O and N—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonding. Inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter­actions lead to the formation of layers extending parallel to (011)

Variant of TYR and Autoimmunity Susceptibility Loci in Generalized Vitiligo.

BACKGROUND Generalized vitiligo is an autoimmune disease characterized by melanocyte loss, which results in patchy depigmentation of skin and hair, and is associated with an elevated risk of other autoimmune diseases. METHODS To identify generalized vitiligo susceptibility loci, we conducted a genomewide association study. We genotyped 579,146 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 1514 patients with generalized vitiligo who were of European-derived white (CEU) ancestry and compared the genotypes with publicly available control genotypes from 2813 CEU persons. We then tested 50 SNPs in two replication sets, one comprising 677 independent CEU patients and 1106 CEU controls and the other comprising 183 CEU simplex trios with generalized vitiligo and 332 CEU multiplex families. RESULTS We detected significant associations between generalized vitiligo and SNPs at several loci previously associated with other autoimmune diseases. These included genes encoding major-histocompatibility-complex class I molecules (P=9.05×10−23) and class II molecules (P=4.50×10−34), PTPN22 (P=1.31×10−7), LPP (P=1.01×10−11), IL2RA (P=2.78×10−9), UBASH3A (P=1.26×10−9), and C1QTNF6 (P=2.21×10−16). We also detected associations between generalized vitiligo and SNPs in two additional immune-related loci, RERE (P=7.07×10−15) and GZMB (P=3.44×10−8), and in a locus containing TYR (P=1.60×10−18), encoding tyrosinase. CONCLUSIONS We observed associations between generalized vitiligo and markers implicating multiple genes, some associated with other autoimmune diseases and one (TYR) that may mediate target-cell specificity and indicate a mutually exclusive relationship between susceptibility to vitiligo and susceptibility to melanoma