Indonesians Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) Distributions and Correlations with Global Diseases

In Human, Major Histocompatibility Complex known as Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA). The HLA grouped into three subclasses regions: the class I region, the class II region, and the class III region. There are thousands of polymorphic HLAs, many of them are proven to have correlations with diseases. Indonesia consists of diverse ethnicity people and populations. It carries a unique genetic diversity between one and another geographical positions. This paper aims to extract Indonesians HLA allele data, mapping the data, and correlating them with global diseases. From the study, it is found that global diseases, like Crohn’s disease, rheumatoid arthritis, Graves’ disease, gelatin allergy, T1D, HIV, systemic lupus erythematosus, juvenile chronic arthritis, and Mycobacterial disease (tuberculosis and leprosy) suspected associated with the Indonesian HLA profiles

Food Price Volatility and the Worrying Trend in Children's Snacking in Indonesia

Rising food prices, increasing urbanisation, rising numbers of working women and reduced time for care has led to more children eating more pre?prepared and instant food in Indonesia. Besides the durability of much packaged food, its price is also less volatile and often cheaper than fresh food. The rising consumption of pre?prepared and instant food is a worrying trend for Indonesia because this newly middle?income country faces a problem of hidden hunger. Among households who took part in the Life in a Time of Food Price Volatility study, we found widespread concerns about the quality, nutritional value and safety of snacks and other instant foods eaten by children. We also heard about the effect on children's relations with their elders. This article looks at links between food prices and changing food habits and argues that children's snacking, while appearing micro, is creating macro?dynamics related to nutrition security and social wellbeing

Breastfeeding and breastmilk substitute use and feeding motivations among mothers in Bandung City, Indonesia

Abstract: Suboptimal breastfeeding is common in Indonesia, with only half of infants 0–5 months of age exclusively breastfed and feeding of breastmilk substitutes (BMS) highly prevalent among infants and toddlers. Various factors influence these feeding practices, including social norms, limited health system support and BMS manufacturer marketing practices. This cross‐sectional survey aimed to identify the prevalence of breastfeeding and BMS feeding among children aged 0–35 months, explore socio‐demographic characteristics and motivating factors associated with these feeding behaviours and identify the prevalence of mothers' exposure to BMS promotions. Indonesian mothers of children <3 years of age (n = 595) were interviewed in Bandung City health facilities using structured questionnaires. Although all children were ever breastfed, half of children across all age groups received BMS in the previous day. Maternal employment outside the home and insufficient breastmilk production were associated with BMS use. The most important motivational factors for feeding BMS were perceived benefits for growth, intelligence and immunity. Despite Indonesian legislation restricting some BMS marketing, 93% of mothers reported observing a BMS promotion outside the health system, with television, social media and newspapers as the most common sources. Half of mothers (43%) reported observing a BMS promotion within the health system, and half (46%) reported receiving recommendations from health workers to use BMS. Such high prevalence of BMS marketing may be influencing caregivers' feeding choices; stronger national legislation and implementation of laws are needed to ensure mothers' ability to make feeding choices free from manufacturer influence

Layanan Unggulan Rumah Sakit Indonesia = Indonesia's Best Hospital Services

Dilihat dari layanannya banyak RS Indonesia yang memiliki kualitas dan mutu yang setara bahkan lebih baik dibandingkan rumah sakit luar negeri. Namun sebagian besar masyarakat Indonesia sendiri tidak mengetahuinya.21 x 21 ; 40 hl

Panduan Praktek Keperawatan Komunitas III Program Non Reguler Gianyar

Buku ini merupakan Panduan Praktik mata kuliah keperawatan komunitas III , dapat di jadikan pedoman dalam pelaksanaan praktik mahasiswa. Kegiatan praktek merupakan suatu proses belajar yang bertujuan untuk menerapkan teori yang telah didapatkan di kelas dalam proses pembelajaran praktek .20 x 14 cm : 24 ha