Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran Matematika Kelas Rendah Berorientasi Model Pembelajaran Diskusi

This development was aimed at creating learning device for low level mathematics to increase the students\u27 participation and achievement through discussion learning model in Class A of the second semester of the Elementary School Teacher Education Department of Muhammadiyah University of Purwokerto of the academic year 2008/2009. The 49 subject takers was divided into 15 groups of 3 to 4 people. The procedure of developing the device used classroom action research. The action consisted of two cycles and took three months. Each cycle was done depending on the obtained improvement, design and the factor to be developed. The instrument which was used to get the data of participation and students\u27 response towards the lecture and the learning device was questioner, while he instrument to get data on students learning achievement were essay quiz, mid term test, and the end term test. The result was the device for learning low level mathematics, early-class learning material, students work, and increased learning participation. The learning achievement was still low which was due to their low ability in solving mathematical problem. Key words: Discussion learning model, participation, and mathematics learning achievement

Characteristics of polar mesosphere summer echoes observed with oblique incidence HF radars at Syowa Station

Polar mesosphere summer echoes(PMSE) are strong VHF-UHF radar echoes from the high-latitude cold mesopause at around 80-90km altitudes in summer. Although a number of in situ and radar observations of PMSE have been made until now, generation mechanisms of PMSE and scattering processes of radar waves due to PMSE-associated irregularities are still controversial. In this paper, PMSE detected for the first time in December 1997 and January 1998 with the oblique incidence SuperDARN HF radars at Syowa Station, Antarctica(69.0°S , 39.6°E ), are summarized to reveal the characteristics of PMSE at HF band. They appear at slant ranges of 180-315km with elevation angles of 15°-30° between 1030 and 1230UT or between 2100 and 0140UT, and are characterized by durations of 65-110min with intermittent subsidence and quasi-periodic oscillations of echo power with periods of 5-20min, due to short-period atmospheric gravity waves. Detailed analysis of the December 15, 1997 event reveals the followings: 1) echo power is less than 30dB, Doppler velocity between -40 and +40m/s, and spectral width less than 50m/s, respectively, 2) there exists no particular correlation among power, velocity and width, and 3) PMSE occurrence can be related to eastward neutral wind due to semi-diurnal tide that may induce the decrease in the mesospheric temperature

Half-turned truncal switch operation for complete transposition of the great arteries with ventricular septal defect and pulmonary stenosis

AbstractJ Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2003;125:966-

Characterization of an epimastigote-stage-specific hemoglobin receptor of Trypanosoma congolense

Background: Since Trypanosorna spp. lack a complete heme synthesis pathway, the parasites are totally dependent on their host for heme throughout all of the stages of their life -cycle. We herein report the identification and characterization of a T. congolense epimastigote form (EMF)-specific hemoglobin (Hb) receptor. The gene was initially reported to encode a T. congolense haptoglobin (Hp)-Hb complex receptor (TcHpHbR) based on its similarity to a gene encoding a T brucei Hp-Hb complex receptor (TbHpHbR). Methods: Trypanosorna congolense IL3000 was used in this study. A TcHpHbR gene was PCR amplified from the parasite genome. The recombinant protein was used as an immunogen to raise antibodies for immunofluorescence assay and immunoblotting. Hemoglobin uptake by the parasite was examined by using Alexa 488 labelled Hb and visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The qualitative and quantitative interaction between TcHpHbR and its ligand were measured using a surface plasmon resonance assay. Results: We found that, unlike TbHpHbR, TcHpHbR was exclusively expressed in the EMF stage at RNA and protein levels. The recombinant TcHpHbR (rTcHpHbR) was co-precipitated with free-Hb in a GST-pull down assay. Surface plasmon resonance revealed that rTcHpHbR binds free-Hb with high affinity (dissociation constant (K,A) =2.1x10(-8) M) but free-Hp with low affinity (Kd = 2.2x10(-7) M). Furthermore, Alexa 488-labelled-Hb was only taken up by the EMF and co-localized with tomato lectin, which is a marker of endocytic compartments (flagellar pocket and lysosome). Conclusion: We conclude that the T. congolense EMF takes up free-Hb via TcHpHbR, a receptor which is specific to this developmental stage. We therefore propose renaming TcHpHbR as T congolense EMF-specific Hb receptor (TcEpHbR)

An endeavor for a multidisciplinary case study : discussion on immigration and adaptation from the perspective of Human Sciences : Part 1

application/pdfdepartmental bulletin pape

Prediction of Effect of Pegylated Interferon Alpha-2b plus Ribavirin Combination Therapy in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Infection

Treatment with pegylated interferon alpha-2b (PEGIFN) plus ribavirin (RBV) is standard therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis C. Although the effectiveness, patients with high titres of group Ib hepatitis C virus (HCV) respond poorly compared to other genotypes. At present, we cannot predict the effect in an individual. Previous studies have used traditional statistical analysis by assuming a linear relationship between clinical features, but most phenomena in the clinical situation are not linearly related. The aim of this study is to predict the effect of PEG IFN plus RBV therapy on an individual patient level using an artificial neural network system (ANN). 156 patients with HCV group 1b from multiple centres were treated with PEGIFN (1.5 µg/kg) plus RBV (400–1000 mg) for 48 weeks. Data on the patients' demographics, laboratory tests, PEGIFN, and RBV doses, early viral responses (EVR), and sustained viral responses were collected. Clinical data were randomly divided into training data set and validation data set and analyzed using multiple logistic regression analysis (MLRs) and ANN to predict individual outcomes. The sensitivities of predictive expression were 0.45 for the MLRs models and 0.82 for the ANNs and specificities were 0.55 for the MLR and 0.88 for the ANN. Non-linear relation analysis showed that EVR, serum creatinine, initial dose of Ribavirin, gender and age were important predictive factors, suggesting non-linearly related to outcome. In conclusion, ANN was more accurate than MLRs in predicting the outcome of PEGIFN plus RBV therapy in patients with group 1b HCV

CPL on/off control of an assembled system by water soluble macrocyclic chiral sources with planar chirality

Herein, we report the synthesis and planar chiral properties of a pair of water-soluble cationic pillar[5]arenes with stereogenic carbons. Interestingly, although units of the molecules were rotatable, only one planar chiral diastereomer existed in water in both cases. As a new type of chiral source, these molecules transmitted chiral information from the planar chiral cavities to the assembly of a water-soluble extended π-conjugated compound, affording circularly polarized luminescence (CPL). The chirality transfer process and resulting CPL were extremely sensitive to the feed ratio of the chiral pillar[5]arenes owing to the combined action of their planar chirality, bulkiness, and strong binding properties. When a limited amount of chiral source was added, further assembly of the extended π-conjugated compound into helical fibers with CPL was triggered. Unexpectedly, larger amounts of chiral source destroyed the helical fiber assemblies, resulting in elimination of the chirality and CPL properties from the assembled structures

Diversity of the Rachis-Branching System in a Panicle in Japónica Rice

Recently, rice varieties having large panicles with many spikelets are expected to produce high yield. However, the ripening, growth pattern, priority to photoassimilate partitioning and final grain weight in each spikelet vary with the position of the spikelet in a panicle. Therefore, not only the panicle size but also rachis-branching system in a panicle is an important factor determining the yield. In this report, we performed principal component analysis to characterize the rachis-branching system in 65 japónica varieties. In the principal component analysis, the proportions of variability explained were 49.6 and 22.2% for the first two attribute components. The first principal component was assumed as the factor of size in number, and the second principal component was assumed as the factor of shape of panicle. The distribution of the scores for each variety in the scatter diagram showed a large diversity in panicle characteristics in japónica varieties. A small number of varieties had scores distributed in the first quadrant of the scatter diagram. These varieties would be high-yielding because the number of spikelets is high in the panicle having a relatively large number of primary rachis-branches compared with the secondary rachis-branches. Some clusters in the scatter diagram were related with their origins

A TLR3-Specific Adjuvant Relieves Innate Resistance to PD-L1 Blockade without Cytokine Toxicity in Tumor Vaccine Immunotherapy.

Cancer patients having anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/PD ligand 1 (L1)-unresponsive tumors may benefit from advanced immunotherapy. Double-stranded RNA triggers dendritic cell (DC) maturation to cross-prime antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) via Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3). The TLR3-specific RNA agonist, ARNAX, can induce anti-tumor CTLs without systemic cytokine/interferon (IFN) production. Here, we have developed a safe vaccine adjuvant for cancer that effectively implements anti-PD-L1 therapy. Co-administration of ARNAX with a tumor-associated antigen facilitated tumor regression in mouse models, and in combination with anti-PD-L1 antibody, activated tumor-specific CTLs in lymphoid tissues, enhanced CTL infiltration, and overcame anti-PD-1 resistance without cytokinemia. The TLR3-TICAM-1-interferon regulatory factor (IRF)3-IFN-β axis in DCs exclusively participated in CD8+ T cell cross-priming. ARNAX therapy established Th1 immunity in the tumor microenvironment, upregulating genes involved in DC/T cell/natural killer (NK) cell recruitment and functionality. Human ex vivo studies disclosed that ARNAX+antigen induced antigen-specific CTL priming and proliferation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), supporting the feasibility of ARNAX for potentiating anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy in human vaccine immunotherapy