Composite particles in the Theory of Quantum Hall Effect

The formation of composite particles in the electron liquid under QHE conditions discussed by Jain in generalizing Laughlins many-particle state is considered by using a model for two-dimensional guiding center configurations. Describing the self-consistent field of electron repulsion by a negative parabolic potential on effective centers and an inter-center amount we show that with increasing magnetic field the ground state of so-called primary composite particles $\nu=\frac{1}{q}$, $q=1,3,5,...$, is given for higher negative quantum numbers of the total angular momentum. By clustering of primary composite particles due to absorption or emission of flux quanta we explain phenomenologically the quasi-particle structure behind the series of relevant filling factors $\nu=\frac{p}{q}$, $p=1,2,3,...$. Our considerations show that the complicate interplay of electron-magnetic field and electron-electron interactions in QHE systems may be understood in terms of adding flux quanta $\Phi_0$ to charges $e$ and binding of charges by flux quanta.Comment: RevTeX 3.0, LaTeX, 10 pages, one table at th en

THE EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON FRANCHISE SUCCESS IN THE NBA\u27S DEVELOPMENT LEAGUE: AN APPLICATION OF ORGANIZATIONAL THEORY

In 2001 the National Basketball Association (NBA) formed its own minor league: The National Basketball Development League (D-League). The D-League was originally designed as a vertical extension of the NBA and to act as a farm-system for the NBA. There has been instability in the make-up of the teams within in the D-League since the inception of the League. Instability is a shared characteristic among all minor league basketball operations. However, unlike its minor league counterparts, the D-League has promise to endure long-term. In this study, external environmental factors that are linked to competition, demographics and structure are analyzed. Organizational theory takes into account the role of the external environment in regards to the survival of a new firm. Factors analyzed were: market size, per-capita income, market education, presence of other professional sports teams, presence of NCAA Division I mens collegiate basketball teams, stadium location, stadium age, stadium ownership, the number of large businesses within the market place, and business ownership model were all considered.\u2

The snail-killing flies of Alaska (Diptera: Sciomyzidae)

Information is given on the geographic distribution, habitat preferences, larval foods, and immature stages for 57 species of 9 genera of Sciomyzidae known to occur in Alaska. An illustrated key to adults is included. Alaska as a habitat for sciomyzid flies is discussed, and information on feeding habits of the larvae is summarized

Gems of Grace : studies in salvation

Two great gifts The kindness of God The miracles of John 3:16 Our confidence in God Born again Talking to yourself Praying in the Holy Spirit How God loves us What would you say? Why go to hell? Waiting up for Him Preparing for His cominghttps://digitalcommons.biola.edu/biola-radio-pubs/1161/thumbnail.jp

Cap-Independent mRNA Translation in Germ Cells

Cellular mRNAs in plants and animals have a 50-cap structure that is accepted as the recognition point to initiate translation by ribosomes. Consequently, it was long assumed that the translation initiation apparatus was built solely for a cap-dependent (CD) mechanism. Exceptions that emerged invoke structural damage (proteolytic cleavage) to eukaryotic initiation factor 4 (eIF4) factors that disable cap recognition. The residual eIF4 complex is thought to be crippled, but capable of cap-independent (CI) translation to recruit viral or death-associated mRNAs begrudgingly when cells are in great distress. However, situations where CI translation coexists with CD translation are now known. In such cases, CI translation is still a minor mechanism in the major background of CD synthesis. In this review, I propose that germ cells do not fit this mold. Using observations from various animal models of oogenesis and spermatogenesis, I suggest that CI translation is a robust partner to CD translation to carry out the translational control that is so prevalent in germ cell development. Evidence suggests that CI translation provides surveillance of germ cell homeostasis, while CD translation governs the regulated protein synthesis that ushers these meiotic cells through the remarkable steps in sperm/oocyte differentiation