Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

加古川市街の農業用水路における貝類の分布と水環境

Habitat distribution of shellfishes were investigated about Semisulcospira libertina(S.L), Cinotania Mstrica(CH) and Corbicula leana(CL) in the two agricultural canals which are neighboring and have same source of stream. As a result of detailed environmental researches, it was found that the habitat distributions of these shellfishes were different considerably between these two canals. We predicted that speed of stream was main factor of this difference. This prediction was supported by a series of experiments by using an experiment waterway of our college. S.L. can inhabit the wide area of agricultural canal because they do not need substratum such as sand and silt, but they can not stay at more than 50cm/s of flow. It was found that C.H. and C.L. need the substratum for their habitation, a 40cm/s of flow becomes the limit for them because substratum begin to drift from this condition. A series of results obtained in the experiments of waterway accorded with the results of field investigations

都市部の妊娠期・出産後の女性の喫煙と食生活および生活習慣との関連

都市部に在住する乳児の母親を対象として,妊娠前後の喫煙の現状と食・生活習慣との関連を明らかにすることを目的に,無記名自記式アンケート調査を実施した。対象は,平成14年11月の1ヶ月間に,京都市内14ヶ所の保健所・支所にて,生後4ヶ月児健診を受診した991名の乳児の母親である。喫煙や食・生活習慣に関する調査紙を手渡し,回答が得られた466名(回収率47.0%)を解析対象とした。その結果,妊娠前喫煙率は28.5%で,年齢が若いほど喫煙率が高かった。妊娠を契機に74.4%が禁煙し,妊娠中喫煙率は7.3%であったが,出産後喫煙率は10.9%に増加していた。喫煙者は非喫煙者と比較して,食・生活習慣,授乳,喫煙に関する知識の欠如などの健康課題を有しており,小児期からの喫煙防止教育等,総合的な保健対策が望まれる

Capability of wild Rosa rugosa and its varieties and hybrids to produce sesquiterpene components in leaf glandular trichomes.

The sesquiterpene contents in leaves of wild Rosa rugosa and of sixty-one hybrid rugosas were quantitatively measured by a GC analysis. In this group of samples, the greater the number of glandular trichomes the hybrid rugosas possessed on their leaves, the larger the amount of sesquiterpenes they accumulated. In contrast, those having no leaf glandular hairs contained only a trace amount of sesquiterpene components. The concentrations of bisaborosaol A (1) and carota-1,4-dienaldehyde (2) as representative sesquiterpenes of R. rugosa were positively correlated with the density of the glandular trichomes. Furthermore, an approximately regular correlation was observed between the concentrations of 1 and 2 in most of the sesquiterpene-producing hybrid rugosas, regardless of their productivity. This suggests that a major part of these hybrid rugosas have inherited from R. rugosa the ability to produce two skeletally different sesquiterpenes in parallel with a phenotype to develop leaf glandular trichomes. This investigation also led to discovering 1-dominant (e.g., Amelie Gravereaux and Purple Pavement), 2-dominant (e.g., David Thompson), and other-dominant (e.g., Martin Frobisher) types of sesquiterpene-producing hybrid rugosas.http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp

(+)-4-epi-alpha-bisabolol as a major sesquiterepene constituent in the leaves of two Rosa rugosa hybrids, Martin Frobisher and Vanguard.

During an investigation of the sesquiterpene phases and contents in leaves of several Rosa rugosa hybrids (hybrid rugosas), Martin Frobisher and Vanguard were found to accumulate a large amount of (+)-4-epi-alphabisabolol (1) as a single constituent. Although glandular trichomes of Martin Frobisher on the leaves are dense, this R. rugosa hybrid produces none of the carota-1,4dienaldehyde (2) or bisaborosaol A (3) that are both found as representative sesquiterpenes of the carotane and bisabolane classes, respectively, in a glandular trichome exudate of wild-type R. rugosa. Compound 1 was also apparent as a nearly single constituent detectable by GC in the leaf constituents of Vanguard possesses sparse glandular trichomes on the leaf. Martin Frobisher and Vanguard had likely lost their capability to form carotane-type sesquiterpenes and had also lost their activity to oxygenate the C-7 allyl methyl carbon of compound 1 to convert 3. The presence of (+)-4-epi-alphabisabolol-accumulating R. rugosa hybrids is significant when considering the sesquiterpene biogenesis of Rosa rugosa