CIP-CSLR Scheme for Condensation and Evaporation Calculations of Water Droplets

We present a number-density advection based method designed to calculate the condensation and evaporation of water droplets. An Eulerian-in-radius discretization scheme is adopted, making the present model suitable for use in the spectral bin model for cloud microphysics. The advection equation is solved using the constrained interpolated profile-conservative Semi-Lagrangian with rational function (CIP-CLSR) scheme. In order to evaluate the present method based on the CIP-CSLR scheme, we have performed test calculations for a sequence of condensation and evaporation using the present method and conventional methods, and then compared the results. The comparisons have revealed the advantages of the present method in terms of numerical accuracy, numerical stability, conservation and computational cost

Large-Scale Forcing with Less Communication in Finite-Difference Simulations of Stationary Isotropic Turbulence

「気候変動に適応可能な環境探索のためのマルチスケールシミュレーション」プロジェク

Delayed diagnosis of single compartment muscle contusion after radical hysterectomy in the lithotomy position: A case report

AbstractIntroductionMuscle contusions usually occur as a result of blunt trauma, which damages the muscle fibers and connective tissue without breaking the skin. Rapid bleeding can cause an increase in pressure that requires surgical intervention, commonly referred to as compartment syndrome. Here, we report a case with delayed diagnosis of single compartment muscle contusion in which compartment syndrome did not develop.Presentation of caseA 50-year-old woman underwent radical hysterectomy. She complained of edema and tenderness in the lower left leg on postoperative day 6. The serum creatine phosphokinase level was slightly elevated at 177 IU/L (normal range: 6–142 IU/L). T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging revealed swelling of the muscle in the deep posterior compartment of the lower left leg, edematous fascia, and subcutaneous adipose tissue. She recovered naturally without other complications.DiscussionIn the lithotomy position during surgery, muscle contusion might occur, without general symptoms.ConclusionMagnetic resonance imaging is useful for diagnosis. For patients who complain of edema and tenderness in the lower leg after surgery in the lithotomy position, muscle contusions should be considered

Influence of gravitational settling on turbulent droplet clustering and radar reflectivity factor

This study investigates the influence of gravitational settling of droplets on turbulent clustering and the radar reflectivity factor. A three-dimensional direct numerical simulation (DNS) of particle-laden isotropic turbulence is performed to obtain turbulent droplet clustering data. The turbulent clustering data are then used to calculate the power spectrum of droplet number density fluctuations. The results show that the gravitational settling modulates the power spectrum more significantly as the settling becomes larger. The gravitational settling weakens the intensity of clustering at large wavenumbers for St ≦ 1, whereas it significantly enlarges the intensity for St > 1. The dependence on the Taylor-microscale-based Reynolds number is also investigated to discuss the contribution of large-scale eddies to the settling influence. The results show that large-scale eddies modulate the small scale clustering structure of large St droplets. The increment of radar reflectivity factor due to turbulent clustering is estimated from the power spectrum for the case of St = 1.0. The result shows that the influence of gravitational settling on the radar reflectivity factor can be significant for the case of large settling velocity droplets

Adsorption of Urinary Proteins on the Conventionally Used Urine Collection Tubes: Possible Effects on Urinary Proteome Analysis and Prevention of the Adsorption by Polymer Coating

One possible factor determining recovery of trace amount of protein biomarker candidates during proteome analyses could be adsorption on urine tubes. This issue, however, has not been well addressed so far. Recently, a new technical device of surface coating by poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC)-co-n-butyl methacrylate (BMA)) (poly(MPC-co-BMA)) has been developed mainly to prevent the adsorption of plasma proteins. We assessed whether conventionally used urine tubes adsorb trace amount of urinary proteins and, if any, whether the surface coating by poly(MPC-co-BMA) can minimize the adsorption. Proteinuric urine samples were kept in poly(MPC-co-BMA)-coated and noncoated urine tubes for 15 min and possibly adsorbed proteins and/or peptides onto urine tubes were analyzed by SDS-PAGE, 2-DE, and the MALDI-TOF MS. It was found that a number of proteins and/or peptides adsorb on the conventionally used urine tubes and that surface coating by poly(MPC-co-BMA) can minimize the adsorption without any significant effects on routine urinalysis test results. Although it remains to be clarified to what extent the protein adsorption can modify the results of urinary proteome analyses, one has to consider this possible adsorption of urinary proteins when searching for trace amounts of protein biomarkers in urine