Miscarriage and stillbirth following maternal Zika virus infection in nonhuman primates.

Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is associated with congenital defects and pregnancy loss. Here, we found that 26% of nonhuman primates infected with Asian/American ZIKV in early gestation experienced fetal demise later in pregnancy despite showing few clinical signs of infection. Pregnancy loss due to asymptomatic ZIKV infection may therefore be a common but under-recognized adverse outcome related to maternal ZIKV infection

Genomic insights into the host specific adaptation of the Pneumocystis genus

Pneumocystis jirovecii, the fungal agent of human Pneumocystis pneumonia, is closely related to macaque Pneumocystis. Little is known about other Pneumocystis species in distantly related mammals, none of which are capable of establishing infection in humans. The molecular basis of host specificity in Pneumocystis remains unknown as experiments are limited due to an inability to culture any species in vitro. To explore Pneumocystis evolutionary adaptations, we have sequenced the genomes of species infecting macaques, rabbits, dogs and rats and compared them to available genomes of species infecting humans, mice and rats. Complete whole genome sequence data enables analysis and robust phylogeny, identification of important genetic features of the host adaptation, and estimation of speciation timing relative to the rise of their mammalian hosts. Our data reveals insights into the evolution of P. jirovecii, the sole member of the genus able to infect humans.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/174884/2/Genomic insights into the host specific adaptation of the Pneumocystis genus.pdfPublished versio

Estudo comparativo entre duas técnicas radiográficas transcranianas utilizando o cefalostato Accurad-200, nas posições padrão e corrigida, e confecção de gabaritos para delimitação dos espaços articulares Comparative study of two transcranial radiographic techniques with use of an Accurad-200 head holder in standard and corrected positions. Making templates to delimit joint spaces

Este estudo teve como finalidades realizar uma análise comparativa entre duas técnicas radiográficas transcranianas com o auxílio do cefalostato ACCURAD-200, nas posições padrão e corrigida, e desenvolver um gabarito que auxilie o profissional a medir os espaços articulares anterior e posterior, fornecendo informações sobre o posicionamento condilar. Foram radiografados 59 pacientes, numa faixa etária entre 18 e 35 anos, que voluntariamente se propuseram a participar deste estudo. A correção da incidência do feixe central de radiação foi obtida com a radiografia ínfero-superior. Sobre as radiografias transcranianas, foram realizados os traçados com o auxílio dos gabaritos e feitas as medidas lineares dos espaços articulares, usando-se para tal um paquímetro digital. Nossos resultados demonstraram que, para ambas as técnicas empregadas, o espaço articular posterior apresentou-se menor que o anterior e que o método desenvolvido permite a avaliação do posicionamento condilar<br>The purpose of this study was to carry out a comparative analysis of two transcranial radiographic techniques with use of an ACCURAD-200 head holder in standard and corrected positions, and to produce a template to assist professionals in measuring anterior and posterior joint spaces to provide information on condyle positioning. Transcranial radiographs were taken of fifty-nine patients in the 18 to 35 age bracket who volunteered to take part in this study. The incidence of the central beam of radiation was corrected with an inferosuperior radiograph. Tracings were made on the transcranial radiographs with use of templates and the linear measures of joint spaces effected with a digital caliper rule. Results showed that for both techniques employed, the posterior joint space was smaller than the anterior, and that the method developed afforded an estimate of condylar positio

Intraamniotic Zika virus inoculation of pregnant rhesus macaques produces fetal neurologic disease.

Zika virus (ZIKV) infection of pregnant women can cause fetal microcephaly and other neurologic defects. We describe the development of a non-human primate model to better understand fetal pathogenesis. To reliably induce fetal infection at defined times, four pregnant rhesus macaques are inoculated intravenously and intraamniotically with ZIKV at gestational day (GD) 41, 50, 64, or 90, corresponding to first and second trimester of gestation. The GD41-inoculated animal, experiencing fetal death 7 days later, has high virus levels in fetal and placental tissues, implicating ZIKV as cause of death. The other three fetuses are carried to near term and euthanized; while none display gross microcephaly, all show ZIKV RNA in many tissues, especially in the brain, which exhibits calcifications and reduced neural precursor cells. Given that this model consistently recapitulates neurologic defects of human congenital Zika syndrome, it is highly relevant to unravel determinants of fetal neuropathogenesis and to explore interventions