Righteous or Self-Righteous Anger? Justice Sensitivity Moderates Defensive Outrage at a Third-Party Harm-Doer

While bystanders\u27 outrage over moral transgressions may represent a genuine desire to restore justice, such expressions can also be self‐serving—alleviating guilt and bolstering one\u27s moral status. Four studies examined whether individual differences in observer justice sensitivity (JSO) moderate the degree to which outrage at third‐party harm‐doing reflects concerns about one\u27s own moral identity rather than justice per se. Among participants low (vs. high) in JSO, feelings of guilt predicted greater outrage and desire to punish a corporation\u27s sweatshop labor practices (Studies 1 & 2). Furthermore, affirming one\u27s personal moral identity reduced outrage and support for punishing a corporate harm‐doer among those low, but not high in JSO (Studies 3 & 4). Similar moderation was absent for other forms of justice sensitivity and just world beliefs. Effects were not explained by negative affect, empathy, personal harm, or political orientation. Results suggest that JSO uniquely differentiates defensive and justice‐driven moral outrage (150/150)

Extent of DNA 2-hydroxyethylation by N-nitrosomethylethylamine and N-nitrosodiethylamine in vivo

At low doses, N-nitrosomethylethylamine (NMEA) selectively produces liver tumors in rats, whereas β-trideuterated NMEA also includes esophageal carcinomas under these conditions. Since deuteration is capable of retarding enzymic hydroxylation, these studies suggest that β-hydroxylation plays a significant role in the organ specificity of NMEA. To test the hypothesis that this metabolic pathway occurs in vivo to yield a hydroxyethylating intermediate, we have determined the extent of hydroxyethylation of hepatic DNA in male Fischer 344 rats following a single i.p. injection of [1-ethyl-14C]NMEA (6.3 mg/kg, 4 h survival). After hydrolysis in 0.1 M HCI, DNA purines were analysed by cation exchange chromatography. Of the major alkylpurines identified, 7-ethylguanine (7-etG) (6.7 μmol/mol guanine) and O6-ethylguanine (4.1 μmol/mol guanine) comprised 13 and 8% of the eluted radioactivity, respectively. 7-(2-HydroxyethyI)guanine (7-heG) was the only hydroxyethyl adduct detectable, and comprised less than 2% of the amount of 7-etG. 3-Ethylguanine and 3- and 7-ethyladenine were also identified as products of NMEA metabolism. Similar analyses were carried out on hepatic DNA from rats treated with N-nitrosodi[1-14C]ethylamine (6.9 mg/kg, 4 h survival). Only trace amounts of 7-heG could be detected. The very low concentrations of β-hydroxyethylated DNA bases observed suggest that this route of metabolism does not contribute significantly to the carcinogenicity of these compound

Deposition of High-Quality HfO2 on Graphene and the Effect of Remote Oxide Phonon Scattering

We demonstrate atomic layer deposition of high-quality dielectric HfO2 films on graphene and determine the magnitude of remote oxide surface phonon scattering in dual-oxide structures. The carrier mobility in these HfO2-covered graphene samples reaches 20 000 cm2/Vs at low temperature. Distinct contributions to the resistivity from surface optical phonons in the SiO2 substrate and the HfO2 overlayer are isolated. At 300 K, surface phonon modes of the HfO2 film centered at 54 meV limit the mobility to approximately 20 000 cm2/Vs

Dynamic modeling and monitoring of water, sediment, nutrients, and pesticides in agricultural watersheds during storm events

"September 1999.""Prepared for the Illinois Groundwater Consortium, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale.""Subcontract numbers 97-03 & 98-06, Project numbers 1-5-28718 & 1-5-28923.""Contract report 655"--Cover

Isolation and partial characterization of a cultivable rabbit calicivirus, RaCv Ory-1

This report describes the partial characterization of the first cultivable calicivirus isolated from a European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), named rabbit calicivirus Oryctolagus-1 and abbreviated RaCv Ory-1. RaCv Ory-1 was isolated from juvenile feeder rabbits displaying symptoms of diarrhea. Absence of neutralization by type specific neutralizing antibodies for 40 caliciviruses and phylogenetic sequence comparisons among the caliciviruses of partial ORF1 and complete ORF2 and ORF3 sequences demonstrate that RaCv Ory-1 is a novel member of the marine calicivirus sub-group. Phylogenetic evaluation of the Caliciviridae indicates that analyses using pooled 3D-polymerase and capsid sequences are more statistically robust than identically executed analyses of single gene sequence data. Phylogenetic analysis of pooled 3D-polymerase and capsid a.a. sequences show canine calicivirus isolate 48 (CaCv-48) to be an intermediate species which forms a node approximately equidistant to the feline, marine, and Sapporo-like caliciviruses. RaCV Ory-1 is suggested as a possible cultivable model of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus

β-Deuteration of N-nitrosoethylmethylamine causes a shift in DNA methylation from rat liver to esophagus

While N-nitrosoethylmethylamine (NEMA) is carcinogenic primarily for the liver, its β-trideuterated derivative, N-nitroso([2-D3]ethyl)methylamine (NEMA-d3), also produces a high incidence of tumors in the esophagus. To determine whether this shift in organ specificity is associated with an altered pattern of DNA alkylation, [methyl-14C]- and [1-ethyl-14C]-labeled NEMA-d3 were administered to adult male Fischer 344 rats as a single i.p. dose (0.05 mmol/kg; 4 h survival). Levels of methylated and ethylated purines in the DNA of various organs were determined by radiochromatography on Sephasorb-HP columns. When compared to previous data using undeuterated NEMA, 7-niethylguanine levelswerefoundtobereducedby ∽30%inliverandkldney, but were 160% greater in esophagus. This resulted in a decrease in the 7-methylguanine ratio for liver/esophagus from 109 to 29. O6-Methlguanine was diminished in liver and kidney, but levels in lung and esophagus were too low for quantitative detection. Similarly, deuteration led to an 18% decrease of 7-ethylguanine In hepatic DNA. The observed increase in esophageal DNA methylation correlates with the increased carcinogenicity of NEMA-d3 relative to undeuterated NEMA in that organ. Since pharmacokinetic studies have shown that β-trideuteration of NEMA does not alter its bioavailability, the data suggest that the observed shift in target organ results from isotopically-induced changes in the balance among competing metabolic pathways in different rat tissue

Costs and Revenues Associated With Overweight Trucks in Indiana

This study established the unit costs of pavement and bridge damage due to overweight vehicles, and discussed issues concerning overweight vehicle e enforcement in Indiana. The study identified gaps in the existing practice and research, and established a practical framework that includes the development of asset families; establishment of realistic types and timings of reconstruction, rehabilitation, and maintenance, traffic volumes and growth projections; and damage cost estimation for each asset family and age group. The sensitivity of asset damage cost with respect to key policy and analysis variables was explored. Finally, the study examined the cost and operational issues associated with the enforcement of overweight truck policies. For pavement assets, the damage cost estimates were found to range from $0.006 per ESAL-mile on Interstates to$0.218 per ESAL-mile on non-national highways. The results also suggested that the pavement damage cost estimates are highly sensitive to the pavement life-cycle length, interest rate, rest period, and the costs and service lives of rehabilitation treatments. For bridges, an incremental-design methodology was used to assign damage cost to vehicle classes based on axle configurations and vehicle-miles of travel. Each FHWA vehicle weight group was classified into an equivalent AASHTO loading using the modified equivalent vehicle model which is based on gross vehicle weight, axle loading and axle spacing. Adopting a permit structure on the basis of gross vehicle weight only, will result in some vehicles underpaying by as much as 92% of their actual contribution to bridge damage. Finally, the study examined the cost and operational issues associated with the enforcement of overweight truck policies and made recommendations regarding equipment types and locations, staffing, and staff schedules, in order to promote cost-effective practices in weight enforcement