Promjene osjetljivosti starih i novoregistriranih kultivara slanutka (Cicer arietinum L.) na snijet prouzročenu patotipovima Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Labr.

Blight disease, caused by Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Labrousse (teleomorph=Didymella rabiei), is one of the most important biotic stress factors affecting chickpea produc tion worldwide. The high variation in disease severity among different chickpea cul tivars and the decrease in the resistance of the cultivars over time make it necessary to test the cultivars regularly. The aim in this research was to determine and evalu ate the changes in the susceptibility of chickpea cultivars, which were developed in different years and widely cultivated, against A. rabiei pathotypes in Turkey. A three replication pot experiment was conducted in a randomized plot design in the climate chamber in 2021. Fifteen registered chickpea cultivars (including one susceptible and one susceptible control cultivar) and four pathotypes of chickpea blight disease agent A. rabiei were used in the study. While Pathotype-IV was determined as the most aggressive, it was followed by the Pathotype-III, Pathotype-II, and Pathotype-I, respectively. The Azkan cultivar, included as a Tolerant (T) control in the experiment, had the Mid-Susceptible/Susceptible (MS/S) values, which can be explained by the decrease in resistance over time. However, it is opined that the main reason for the better resistance values of Akçin-91, registered in 1991, and Gökçe, registered in 1997, was provoked by the genetic basis of these cultivars, when compared to the recently registered cultivars.Snijet, koju uzrokuje Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Labrousse (teleomorf Didymella rabiei), je jedan od najvažnijih stresnih biotičkih čimbenika koji zahvaćaju proizvodnju slanutka širom svijeta. Uslijed visoke varijacije u intenzitetu bolesti i opadanja otpornosti kultivara, potrebna su kontinuirana istraživanja. Svrha je ovoga istraživanja bila odrediti i ocijeniti osjetiljvost kultivara slanutka uzgajanih u Turskoj na patotipove A. rabiei tijekom različitih godina. Tijekom 2021. proveden je pokus u posudama s trima ponavljanima u randomiziranom plot dizajnu u klimatskoj komori. U istraživanju je korišteno petnaest registriranih kultivara slanutka (uključujući jedan osjetljiv kultivar i kontrolni osjetljiv kultivar) te četiri patotipa A. rabiei. Iako je patotip IV utvrđen kao najagresivniji, slijedili su ga patotip III, patotip II te patotip I. Kultivar Azkan, uključen u pokus kao tolerantni kultivar (T), ocjenjen je kao srednje osjetljiv/osjetljiv (MS/S), što je moguće objasniti postupnim opadanjem otpornosti protekom vremena. Međutim, smatra se kako je glavni uzrok veće otpornosti Akçin-91, registriranoga 1991., te Gökçe, registriranoga 1997., genska osnova tih kultivara u odnosu na nedavno registrirane kultivare

Characterization of peppers for antioxidant content and virus resistance

Thesis(Master)--Izmir Institute of Technology, Biotechnology, Izmir, 2008Includes bibliographical referencesText in English; Abstract: Turkish and Englishxii, 77 leavesIn the first part of this study, total water soluble antioxidant activity, phenolic compounds and vitamin C content of 29 Turkish and 14 non-Turkish pepper cultivars were determined. Significant trait diversity was found in the cultivars with the most variation (7.4-fold) seen for total antioxidant capacity which ranged from 2565 to 18957 .mol Trolox/kg. Vitamin C content for the peppers ranged from 522 to 1631 mg/kg, a 3.1-fold difference, while total phenolic content for the pepper cultivars ranged from 607 to 2724 mg/kg, a 4.5-fold difference. A strong correlation between total antioxidant capacity and phenolic content (r . 0.71) was also seen. Significant variation for antioxidant content in Turkish germplasm indicates that this material can be used for improvement and genetic mapping of nutritional content in pepper. In the second part of this study, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), cleaved amplified polymorphism (CAPs) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to map gene(s) for cucumber mosaic virus resistance. The mapping was conducted using a F2 population derived from a cross between Capsicum annuum cv. Jupiter (susceptible) X C. frutescens (resistant). The F2 population, consisting of 76 individuals, was screened with 13 AFLP primer pairs, 60 CAPs markers and 30 SSR markers to detect markers possibly linked to CMV resistance gene(s). As a result, 7 QTL were found which are related with resistance to CMV in pepper. This will provide pepper breeders an opportunity to use these markers for marker-assisted selection for CMV resistance in pepper

Conservation of centromeric histone 3 interaction partners in plants

The loading and maintenance of centromeric histone 3 (CENH3) at the centromere are critical processes ensuring appropriate kinetochore establishment and equivalent segregation of the homologous chromosomes during cell division. CENH3 loss of function is lethal, whereas mutations in the histone fold domain are tolerated and lead to chromosome instability and chromosome elimination in embryos derived from crosses with wild-type pollen. A wide range of proteins in yeast and animals have been reported to interact with CENH3. The histone fold domain-interacting proteins are potentially alternative targets for the engineering of haploid inducer lines, which may be important when CENH3 mutations are not well supported by a given crop. Here, we provide an overview of the corresponding plant orthologs or functional homologs of CENH3-interacting proteins. We also list putative CENH3 post-translational modifications that are also candidate targets for modulating chromosome stability and inheritance

The reactions of bread wheat lines against stem (black) rust (Puccinia graminis F. Sp. tritici) population

Quality parameter is very important selection for bread wheat improve programme. Yield trials were evaluated in terms of some physical characteristics, the amount of protein, its quality and some gluten rheological parameters. Stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, (Pgt) can occur at higher altitudes and coastal areas in Turkey. On the other hand, stem rust is unfavorable for wheat quality to susceptible cultivars. 26 bread wheat genotypes (mixographe class; 3-6, (Bezostaja-1; 5) in yield trials were developed by the Central Research Institute for Field Crops (CRIFC) Department of Quality Assessment and Food. The aim of this study was to determine the reactions of 26 winter bread wheat lines to stem rust disease in adult plant stage. The test materials were sown in a one-meter row with 2 replications in Seydiler, Kastamonu Province. The test materials were screened under natural epidemic condition with Pgt (virulent on: Sr5, 6, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9b, 9g, 10, 30, Tmp and Mcn resistance genes). Stem rust developments on each entry were scored using the modified Cobb scale (Susceptible control cv. Little Club 80-100S) in June-August 2015. Coefficients of infections were calculated, and the values below 20 were considered as resistant to disease. Five (14%) genotypes were resistant to Pgt. These resistance genotypes can be used in both quality and stem rust resistance breeding programs to stem rust reactions

Effects of forecrops on quality of some bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars

Bu araştırma; 2009-2010 ve 2010-2011 yetiştirme dönemlerinde Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi’nin Araştırma ve Uygulama Çiftliğinde yürütülmüştür. Deneme; Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü tarafından 1985 yılından beri yıldır ikili ekim nöbeti araştırmaları yapılan parselleri üzerine kurulmuştur. Araştırmada 9 farklı ekim nöbeti uygulaması (nadas, devamlı buğday, nohut, kışlık mercimek, kışlık fiğ, yazlık yulaf, yazlık mercimek, ayçiçeği, aspir) ve 4 adet ekmeklik buğday çeşidi Bayraktar-2000, Eser, Gerek-79, Tosunbey) yer almıştır. Örnekler Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Kalite Laboratuvarında öğütülerek analizleri yapılmıştır. Araştırmada; tane sertliği, un verimi, protein miktarı, Zeleny sedimentasyon, kül miktarı, düşme sayısı, yaş gluten miktarı, kuru gluten miktarı, gluten index ve glutograf cihazı analiz değerlerine ait özellikler incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, en yüksek protein miktarı birinci yıl aspir sonrası ekilen Tosunbey (278 kg/da) çeşidinde 17.3 (kuru madde), ikinci yıl ise yazlık mercimek sonrası ekilen Gerek-79 (375 kg/da) çeşidinde 15.5 (kuru madde)tespit edilmiştir. En yüksek kül birinci yıl 0.49 (kuru madde) ile fiğ sonrası Eser çeşidinde, ikinci yıl ise 0.82 (kuru madde) ile fiğ sonrası Tosunbey çeşidinde belirlenmiştir. Kalite değerlerinin her iki yıl için de değerlendirildiği temel bileşenler analizi (Biplot) sonuçlarına göre, en iyi değerleri kurak ve yağışlı geçen yıllarda farklı ön bitkilerden sonra Tosunbey çeşidinin verdiği saptanmıştır. Sertlik dışında tüm parametrelerde çeşit x ön bitki interaksiyonu önemli çıkmıştır.This research was carried out at the University of Research and Application Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara, during 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 growing seasons. The experiments were set up on the plots where two year crop rotation researches have been conducted approximately since 1985 by Central Research Institute for Field Crops. In this research, 9 different previous crops (fallow, continuous wheat, chickpea, winter lentil, spring oat, spring lentil, sunflower and safflower) and 4 bread wheat cultivars (Bayraktar-2000, Eser, Gerek-79 and Tosunbey) were used. . Samples were analyzed after had milled in Quality Laboratory of Central Research Institute for Field Crops. In the study; kernel hardness, flour yield, protein content, Zeleny sedimentation, ash, falling number, wet gluten, dry gluten, gluten index and glutograph, properties were investigated. According to research results; the highest protein content was 17.3 % (dry matter) from Tosunbey (278 kg/da) after safflower in the first year and 15.5 % (dry matter) from Gerek-79 (375 kg/da) after spring lentil in the second year. The highest ash content was 0.49 (dry matter) from Eser after common vetch in the first year and 0.82 (dry matter) from Tosunbey after common vetch in the second year. Principal component analysis (PCA) of quality parameters for two years showed that Tosunbey gave the best values after different cover crops for quality in dry season the 1.yYear and rainy season the 2. year. Variety X Previous crop interactions of all parameters were significant except grain hardness

The effects of vernalization to periods of development and yield of some bread wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum L.)

Bu araştırma 2005 yılında Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Araştırma Uygulama Çiftliği’nde yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada; Sürak, Yayla-305, Köse 220/33, Kıraç-66, Bezostaja-1, Gerek-79, Gün-91, Demir- 2000 ve Bayraktar-2000 ekmeklik buğday çeşitlerinde; farklı vernalizasyon süreleri ( kontrol, 2 hafta ve 4 hafta vernalizasyon uygulaması ) uygulanmıştır. Vernalizasyon uygulamalarının ekmeklikbuğday çeşitlerinde; çıkış gün sayısı, sapa kalkma gün sayısı, başaklanma gün sayısı, hasat gün sayısı, bitki boyu, fertil kardeş sayısı, başak uzunluğu, başakta tane sayısı, başakta tane verimi, bin tane ağırlığı ve birim alan tane verimi üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre; vernalizasyon uygulamalarının çıkış, sapa kalkma, hasat gün sayıları, bitki boyu, fertil kardeş sayısı, başak uzunluğu, başakta tane sayısı ve başakta tane verimi üzerine etkileri önemsiz bulunurken, çeşitlerin vernalizasyon sürelerine tepkileri farklılık göstermiştir Kıraç-66, Bezostaja-1, Gerek-79, Gün-91, Demir-2000 ve Bayraktar-2000 çeşitlerin En yüksek verim değerlerine 4 hafta vernalizasyon uygulamasında ulaşmış,Yayla-305 çeşiti 2 hafta vernalizasyon uygulaması, Sürak ve Köse çeşitleri ise vernalizasyon uygulanmayan kontrol parsellerinde en yüksek verim değerleri elde etmişlerdir. Kontrol gurubunda verim değerleri 48.0 - 447.7 kg/da arasında değişirken, bu değerler sırası ile 2 ve 4 hafta vernalizasyon uygulamasında 93.2 - 410.8 kg/da ve 84.1 - 450.3 kg/da olarak değişmiştir. Bezostaja-1, Yayla-305 ve Bayraktar-2000 çeşitleri 4 hafta süreyle vernalize edilmelerine rağmen oldukça düşük değerler vermiş, bu çeşitler için 4 hafta vernalizasyon uygulamasının yeterli olmadığı saptanmıştır.This research was carried out at the Research and Training Farm of Agricultural Faculty, University of Ankara in 2005.Different vernalization applications (control, 4 and 6 weeks) were applied for bread wheat cultivars Sürak, Yayla-305, Köse 220/33, Kıraç-66, Bezostaja-1, Gerek-79, Demir-2000 and Bayraktar-2000 in this research. Effects of vernalization applications were examined for days to emergence, days to booting, days to heading, days to harvest maturity, plant height, number of fertile tillers per plant, spike length, number of grain per spike, seed yield per spike, one thousand grain weight and grain yield. According to the results ot the study ; there were no statistically differences regarding the emergence, booting, number of harvest day, planth height, number of fertil tillers per plant, spike length, number of grain per spike and seed yield per spike, but the cultivars showed different responses to vernalization time. Kıraç- 66, Bezostaja-1, Gerek-79, Gün-91, Demir-2000 and Bayraktar-2000 gave the highest yield for 4 weeks vernalization application. However, Yayla-305 and both Sürak and Köse showed the highest yield for 2 weeks vernalization and control (no vernalization) respectively. Yield of control group fluctuated between 48.0 - 447.7 kg/da, the yields for 2 and 4 weeks vernalization were also changed between 93.2 - 410.8 kg/da and 84.1 - 450.3 kg/da respectively. Although Bezostaja-1, Yayla-305 ve Bayraktar-2000 cultivars were vernalizated for 4 weeks, they gave too low yield, also, it was found that 4 weeks vernalization time was not advisable for them

CENH3-GFP: a visual marker for gametophytic and somatic ploidy determination in Arabidopsis thaliana

Background: The in vivo determination of the cell-specific chromosome number provides a valuable tool in several aspects of plant research. However, current techniques to determine the endosystemic ploidy level do not allow non-destructive, cell-specific chromosome quantification. Particularly in the gametophytic cell lineages, which are physically encapsulated in the reproductive organ structures, direct in vivo ploidy determination has been proven very challenging. Using Arabidopsis thaliana as a model, we here assess the applicability of recombinant CENH3-GFP reporters for the labeling of the cell’s chromocenters and for the monitoring of the gametophytic and somatic chromosome number in vivo. Results: By modulating expression of a CENH3-GFP reporter cassette using different promoters, we isolated two reporter lines that allow for a clear and highly specific labeling of centromeric chromosome regions in somatic and gametophytic cells respectively. Using polyploid plant series and reproductive mutants, we demonstrate that the pWOX2-CENH3-GFP recombinant fusion protein allows for the determination of the gametophytic chromosome number in both male and female gametophytic cells, and additionally labels centromeric regions in early embryo development. Somatic centromere labeling through p35S-CENH3-GFP shows a maximum of ten centromeric dots in young dividing tissues, reflecting the diploid chromosome number (2x = 10), and reveals a progressive decrease in GFP foci frequency throughout plant development. Moreover, using chemical and genetic induction of endomitosis, we demonstrate that CENH3-mediated chromosome labeling provides an easy and valuable tool for the detection and characterization of endomitotic polyploidization events. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that the introgression of the pWOX2-CENH3-GFP reporter construct in Arabidopsis thaliana provides an easy and reliable methodology for determining the chromosome number in developing male and female gametes, and during early embryo development. Somatically expressed CENH3-GFP reporters, on the other hand, constitute a valuable tool to quickly determine the basic somatic ploidy level in young seedlings at the individual cell level and to detect and to quantify endomitotic polyploidization events in a non-destructive, microscopy-based manner

The effects of different pre-crops on yield and yield components of some bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars

Bu araştırma; 2009-2010 ve 2010-2011 yetiştirme dönemlerinde Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi’nin Haymana’daki Araştırma ve Uygulama Çiftliğinde 2 yıl süreyle yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada 9 farklı ekim nöbeti uygulaması (nadas, devamlı buğday, nohut , kışlık mercimek, kışlık fiğ, yazlık yulaf, yazlık mercimek, ayçiçeği, aspir) ve 4 adet ekmeklik buğday çeşidi (Bayraktar-2000, Eser, Gerek-79, Tosunbey) yer almış ve başakta tane sayısı, başakta tane verimi, birim alan tane verimi, bin tane ağırlığı ve hektolitre ağırlığı incelenmiştir Araştırma sonuçlarına göre; birim alan tane veriminde birinci yıl nohut sonrası ekilen Tosunbey çeşidi 388 kg/da ile ilk sırada yer alırken, ikinci yıl ayçiçeği sonrası ekilen Bayraktar-2000 çeşidi 659 kg/da ile en yüksek tane verimini vermiştir. Her iki yıl için de verim sonuçlarına bakıldığında Tosunbey çeşidinin kurak ve yağışlı geçen yıllarda farklı ön bitkilerden sonra iyi değerler verdiği saptanmıştır. Uygun iklim koşullarında Eser çeşidinin de iyi verim değerlerine sahip olduğu söylenebilir. Yine Aspir ve Ayçiçeği’nin ekim nöbetlerinde değerlendirilebileceği sonucuna varılmıştır. Başakta tane sayısı değerleri her iki yılda başakta tane verimi ile pozitif ve 0.01 düzeyinde korelasyon vermiştir.This research was carried out at the University of Ankara, Faculty of Agriculture, Research and Application Farm during 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 growing seasons for 2 years. In this research, 9 different crop rotation applications (fallow, continuously wheat, chickpea, winter lentil, spring oat, spring lentil, sunflower and safflower) and 4 bread wheat cultivars (Bayraktar-2000, Eser, Gerek-79 and Tosunbey) were used. In the study, number of grain per spike, grain weight per spike, grain yield, thousand kernel weight and test weight were investigated. According to research results; sowing Tosunbey cultivar after chickpea was gave the highest seed yield with 388 kgda-1 in the first year, while Bayraktar 2000 after sunflower was superior in the second year with seed yield of 659 kgda-1. Tosunbey gave the best results after different cover crops yield for two years in dry and rainy years. It can be said that Eser had good yield values for aggregates under favorable climatic conditions. It was concluded that Safflower and sunflower can be used in crop rotations. There are positive correlation (p<0.01) between number of grain per spike and grain weight per spike

Determination of effects of different pre-crops morphological characterization of some bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars in dry conditions

Bu araştırma; 2009-2010 ve 2010-2011 yetiştirme dönemlerinde Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi’nin Haymana’daki Araştırma ve Uygulama Çiftliğinde 2 yıl süreyle yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada 9 farklı ekim nöbeti uygulaması (nadas, devamlı buğday, nohut, kışlık mercimek, kışlık fiğ, yazlık yulaf, yazlık mercimek, ayçiçeği, aspir) ve 4 adet ekmeklik buğday çeşidi Bayraktar-2000, Eser, Gerek-79, Tosunbey) yer almış ve m2’de bitki sayısı, m2’de fertil başak sayısı, bitkide fertil kardeş sayısı ve başak uzunluğu incelenmiştir Araştırma sonuçlarına göre; m2’de bitki sayısı ortalamaları yönünden birinci yıl Gerek-79 163 ikinci yıl 150 adet ile Eser çeşidi en yüksek değeri vermiştir. Ön bitkiler de birinci yıl 183 adet ile aspir birinci sırada yer alırken ikinci yıl 163 adet ile ayçiçeğinde ölçülmüştür. Her iki yılda da m2’de bitki sayısı yönünden ön bitki ve çeşitler arasında önemli farklılıklar elde edilmiştir. Ön bitkiler sonrası ekilen buğday çeşitlerinde birinci ve ikinci yıldaki yağış ve sıcaklık değerleri arasındaki farklılıklar m2’de bitki sayısı üzerine önemli etkilerde bulunmuştur. Her iki yılda da m2’de fertil başak sayısı m2’de bitki sayısı ile (r=594, 907) ve m2’de fertil kardeş sayısı ile (r=0.741, 0.357) 0.01 düzeyinde ve pozitif korelasyon vermiştir.This research was carried out at the University of Ankara, Faculty of Agriculture, Research and Application Farm during 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 growing seasons for 2 years. In this research, 9 different crop rotation applications (fallow, continuously wheat, chickpea, winter lentil, spring oat, spring lentil, sunflower and safflower) and 4 bread wheat cultivars (Bayraktar-2000, Eser, Gerek-79 and Tosunbey) were used. In the study, plant number per m2, fertile spike number per m2, tiller number and spike lenght were investigated. The results of the research showed that the highest plant number/m2 was obtained in Gerek-79 with 163 plant/m2 in first year and Eser with 150 plant/m2 in second year. Considering the pre-plants, safflower and sunflower gave the maximum plant number/m2 with 183 and 163 plant/m2, respectively. A significant differences for plant number/m2 was determined for pre-crops and cultivars in both experimental years. Rainfall and temperature influenced significantly plant number/m2 of wheat cultivars sown after pre-crops. There are positive correlation (p<0.01) between fertile spike number per m2 and plant number per m2 (r=0,594,0, 907) and tiller number (r=0.741, 0.357)