Antifungal effect of "Mokusaku-Eki" against Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Trichophyton rubrum

足白癬は糖尿病患者で合併しやすく,高齢者にも多発する｡近年,白癬菌に対する木酢液の抗菌作用が知られており,この最適有効濃度を明らかにするため本研究を企画した｡白癬菌はTrichophyton mentagrophytesとTrichophyton rubrumの2菌種を用い,木酢液は市販品を用いた｡発育抑制テストは終濃度2,3,4,5%の木酢液を含んだ寒天平板希釈法で行った｡殺菌テストは2.5,5,10%溶液を胞子と接触後,寒天平板培地に接種し,菌の発育の有無を観察した｡発育抑制作用は,両菌種とも3%以上で7日培養後の菌糸の発育は見られなかった｡殺菌作用は, T. mentagrophytesでは10%,5%においては6時間接触で,2.5%においては24時間接触で菌糸の発育が見られず, T. rubrumでは,10%以上においては24時間接触で,5%においては48時間接触で菌糸の発育が見られなかった｡足浴等の看護ケアに木酢液を応用するためには,今後より短時間の接触で効果が得られる方法の検討が必要である｡The Mokusaku-Eki is a kind of pyroligneous acid and a dark brown colored solution which obtained from the charcoal burner of Quercus spp. woods as a by-product. In Japan, the antifungal effects of this solution are well known in public. However, it is not clear that minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Mokusaku-Eki against Trichophyton spp. In this study, we examined their antifungal activities in view of MIC and germicidal effect. To examine MIC of Mokusaku-Eki against Trichophyton spp, agar, dilution assay were used. Sabouraud agar plates containing 2%, 3%, 4%, or 5% of Mokusaku-Eki were prepared. Then the spores of T. mentagrophytes and T. rubrum inoculated onto each agar plate respectively and incubate the plates at 30℃. The growth of T. mentagrophytes and T. rubrum were completely inhibited on the agar plates contained more than 3% Mokusaku-Eki. Furthermore, we investigated the fungicidal effect of Mokusaku-Eki against these fungus. We exposed the spores of T. mentagrophytes and T. rubrum respectively to 2.5%, 4% or 10% Mokusaku-Eki for 20 min, 1 hr, 6 hr, 24 hr, and 48 hr, and then inoculated them onto Sabouraud agar plates. Exposures of the spores to 5% of the Mokusaku-Eki for 24 hr and 48 hr completely killed them and we could show that Mokusaku-Eki have also germicidation activity against both T. mentagrophytes and T. rubrum

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口腔領域の悪性血管内皮腫は,ほとんどの場合,X線検査のみによって,診断や術後観察が行われてきたといえる。われわれは,本腫瘍の術後観察を,RIアンギオグラフィーと骨シンチグラフィーで行い,X線所見と比較検討した。得られたRIアンギオグラムは,下顎骨正中部における血流量の減少を示し,骨シンチグラムは同部の骨欠損像を示した。これらの所見から,本腫瘍の診断や術後観察に,RIアンギオグラフィーや骨シンチグラフィーは,極めて有用であろうと考えられた。A case of malignant hemangioendothelioma is presented in which the postoperative observation was carried out by means of radionuclide angiography and bone scintigraphy with 99m-Tc labeled methylene diphosphonate. In addition, these two modalities were compared with conventional dental radiography. The angiographic images obtained as a serial scintigrams from the first pass revealed an extremely decreased bone blood flow in the incisor region of the mandible, in which the radiographic images could not be contrasted without contrast media. The static scan bone images showed a well defined bone defect corresponding to the angiographic images and radiographic images. All findings obtained using these modalities showed that radionuclide angiography and bone scintigraphy were useful in following up the postoperative progress of malignant hemangioendothelioma

Reciprocal Roles for CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein (C/EBP) and PU.1 Transcription Factors in Langerhans Cell Commitment

Myeloid progenitor cells give rise to a variety of progenies including dendritic cells. However, the mechanism controlling the diversification of myeloid progenitors into each progeny is largely unknown. PU.1 and CCAAT/enhancing binding protein (C/EBP) family transcription factors have been characterized as key regulators for the development and function of the myeloid system. However, the roles of C/EBP transcription factors have not been fully identified because of functional redundancy among family members. Using high titer–retroviral infection, we demonstrate that a dominant-negative C/EBP completely blocked the granulocyte–macrophage commitment of human myeloid progenitors. Alternatively, Langerhans cell (LC) commitment was markedly facilitated in the absence of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, a strong inducer of LC development, whereas expression of wild-type C/EBP in myeloid progenitors promoted granulocytic differentiation, and completely inhibited TNFα-dependent LC development. On the other hand, expression of wild-type PU.1 in myeloid progenitors triggered LC development in the absence of TNFα, and its instructive effect was canceled by coexpressed C/EBP. Our findings establish reciprocal roles for C/EBP and PU.1 in LC development, and provide new insight into the molecular mechanism of LC development, which has not yet been well characterized

Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis associated with cancer of unknown origin complicated with thrombus in the left auricular appendage: case report

A 63-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with a complaint of right lateroabdominal pain. He was diagnosed with metastatic colon cancer, and then developed multiple brain embolic infarctions 7 days after admission. Transesophageal echocardiography showed that mobile, echo-dense masses were attached to the anterior and posterior mitral valve leaflet. Furthermore, there was a thrombus in the left auricular appendage despite sinus rhythm. These findings led to a diagnosis of suspected infectious endocarditis with subsequent multiple brain infarctions. The patient's general condition worsened and he died 13 days after admission. An autopsy was performed, and, while poorly differentiated cancer was observed in multiple organs, no primary tumor could be identified. Histological analysis showed that the masses of the mitral valve consisted mainly of fibrin without bacteria or oncocytes. This patient was therefore diagnosed with nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis associated with cancer of unknown origin complicated with thrombus in the left auricular appendage

Exercise-induced left bundle branch block and subsequent mechanical left ventricular dyssynchrony -resolved with pharmacological therapy

A 53-year-old man with depressed ejection fraction (EF) of 35% and QRS width of 88 ms at rest was admitted to our institution with a complaint of exertional chest discomfort and dyspnea. During treadmill exercise, left bundle-branch block (LBBB) with a QRS width of 152 ms occurred at a heart rate of 100 bpm. During LBBB, the patient showed significant mechanical dyssynchrony as evidenced by a two-dimensional speckle tracking radial strain of 260 ms (≥130 ms), defined as the time difference between anterior-septum and posterior wall. Five-month after carvedilol and candesartan administration, EF had improved to 49% and LBBB did not occur until a heart rate of 126 bpm was attained during treadmill exercise. It appears that pharmacological therapy may be useful for patients with heart failure and exercise-induced LBBB

ジンブンガクブ キョウショク カテイ ウンエイ イインカイ 4ネンカン ノ トリクミ セイカ ト コンゴ ノ カダイ

本稿は、人文学部が完成年度を迎えた今年（平成29）度に、これまでの4年間の教職課程運営委員会の取組成果を明らかにし、今後の課題を明確にすることによって、学生の資質能力の一層の向上を図ることを目的としている。第1に本委員会の使命について述べ、第2に「師道塾」における実践的指導力の基礎の錬磨について考察した。（この項は、別稿において「論文」として投稿した。）第3に教育実習の参観指導について述べ、第4に「教職実践演習」による学生の質保証への取組とWEB入力上の諸問題を明らかにし、最後に、本委員会が着実な歩みを展開してきたことを示す資料として、平成27年度と平成29年度の「自己点検中間振り返り票」を事例として取り上げ、比較考察しながら、本委員会が達成できなかった事業を今後の課題として明らかにした

The immunoreceptor adapter protein DAP12 suppresses B lymphocyte–driven adaptive immune responses

Human and mouse B cells lacking functional DAP12 are hyperresponsive, and DAP12 works with MAIR-II (CD300d) to negatively regulate B cell activity

Strain dyssynchrony index determined by three-dimensional speckle area tracking can predict response to cardiac resynchronization therapy

<p>Abstract</p> <p><b>Background</b></p> <p>We have previously reported strain dyssynchrony index assessed by two-dimensional speckle tracking strain, and a marker of both dyssynchrony and residual myocardial contractility, can predict response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). A newly developed three-dimensional (3-D) speckle tracking system can quantify endocardial area change ratio (area strain), which coupled with the factors of both longitudinal and circumferential strain, from all 16 standard left ventricular (LV) segments using complete 3-D pyramidal datasets. Our objective was to test the hypothesis that strain dyssynchrony index using area tracking (ASDI) can quantify dyssynchrony and predict response to CRT.</p> <p><b>Methods</b></p> <p>We studied 14 heart failure patients with ejection fraction of 27 ± 7% (all≤35%) and QRS duration of 172 ± 30 ms (all≥120 ms) who underwent CRT. Echocardiography was performed before and 6-month after CRT. ASDI was calculated as the average difference between peak and end-systolic area strain of LV endocardium obtained from 3-D speckle tracking imaging using 16 segments. Conventional dyssynchrony measures were assessed by interventricular mechanical delay, Yu Index, and two-dimensional radial dyssynchrony by speckle-tracking strain. Response was defined as a ≥15% decrease in LV end-systolic volume 6-month after CRT.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>ASDI ≥ 3.8% was the best predictor of response to CRT with a sensitivity of 78%, specificity of 100% and area under the curve (AUC) of 0.93 (p < 0.001). Two-dimensional radial dyssynchrony determined by speckle-tracking strain was also predictive of response to CRT with an AUC of 0.82 (p < 0.005). Interestingly, ASDI ≥ 3.8% was associated with the highest incidence of echocardiographic improvement after CRT with a response rate of 100% (7/7), and baseline ASDI correlated with reduction of LV end-systolic volume following CRT (r = 0.80, p < 0.001).</p> <p><b>Conclusions</b></p> <p>ASDI can predict responders and LV reverse remodeling following CRT. This novel index using the 3-D speckle tracking system, which shows circumferential and longitudinal LV dyssynchrony and residual endocardial contractility, may thus have clinical significance for CRT patients.</p