悪性褐色細胞腫患者の生存と化学療法の効果

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Factors associated with serum CA19-9 levels among healthy children: a cross-sectional study

Abstract\ud \ud \ud \ud Background\ud CA19-9 is a tumor marker mainly used for biliary tract, pancreas and colorectum. Since the marker applies usually for adults, the normal range of serum CA19-9 among children has been rarely reported. This is the first study reporting the distribution of serum CA19-9 levels among cancer-free children as well as their parents, taking into account the Lewis and secretor gene polymorphism and physical growth.\ud \ud \ud \ud Methods\ud Study subjects were 972 apparently healthy Japanese Brazilians including 476 children aged from 1 to 19 years.\ud \ud \ud \ud Results\ud The comparisons in five-year age groups demonstrated that the mean values of serum CA19-9 was lower in the boys than in the girls, and higher in younger age groups; 22.5 U/ml for 1–4 year-old (n=13), 17.4 U/ml for 5–9 year-old (n=36), 15.5 U/ml for 10–14 year-old (n=96) and 10.2 U/ml for 15–19 year-old (n=74) in boys, and 25.3 U/ml (n=11), 27.1 U/ml (n=50), 17.7 U/ml (n=105) and 13.5 U/ml (n=59) in girls, respectively. The difference in those geometric means was statistically significant among four age groups (p=0.006, ANOVA adjusted for sex). After Lewis and secretor genotypes, which are definitive factors of serum CA19-9, were taken into account, geometric mean of serum CA19-9 was associated with any of BMI (p<0.001), height (p<0.001) and weight (p<0.001) among children excluding those with le/le genotype. The associations were still significant when age was adjusted.\ud \ud \ud \ud Conclusions\ud Serum CA19-9 values were higher among children than among adults, and influenced by sex, height, weight, and BMI even after the adjustment for age as well as Le and Se genotypes.This study was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Special Priority Areas of Cancer from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology. We are grateful to Ms. Yoko Mitsuda and Ms. Keiko Shibata for their technical assistance

「死後のケア」提供後の状態に関する看護師の気がかり

「死後のケア」提供後の患者（遺体）の状態に関する看護師の気がかりを明らかにすることを目的に看護師を対象に質問紙調査を行った。「死後のケア」の研修会場で100部配布し，58部の回答を得た。自由記述は内容分析を行い，テキストマイニングで確認した。結果，①葬儀担当者に聞きたい内容は，《処置の結果と変化》《遺体の変化》《葬儀社の処置内容》《家族の思い》《情報提供の必要性》《看護者への要望》が内容分析で見出され，テキストマイニングで回答者の割合が多いものは「漏出，遺体－変化，患者－状態，エンゼルケア，処置，葬儀社・家族－困る，葬儀社－質問，家族－反応，メイク」であった。また，②家族に聞きたい内容は，《死後のケアの評価》《遺体の変化と家族の思い》《看取り場面での看護のあり方》《葬儀社の対応》が内容分析で見出され，テキストマイニングでは「エンゼルケア，家族－思い・対応，遺体－変化，看護師，家族－困っている，家族－要望，対応」であった。以上のことから，死後のケアの研修会に参加している看護師が，葬儀担当者や家族に聞きたい気がかりな内容は，死後のケア技術の方法の違いに伴う結果の評価であり，遺体の変化，家族の思いや葬儀担当者への情報提供などであった。このことから，看護職者が自ら実施したケアの評価を可能にするために，その後のケアを引き継ぐ葬儀担当者や家族からのフィードバックを得る機会を設ける必要性が示唆された。The purpose of this study is to reveal nurses’ concerns over the condition of the deceased patients’ bodies after providing post-mortem care. We distributed 100 questionnaires to nurses at a training venue of post-mortem care and received 58 responses. Regarding the open-ended answers, we analyzed their content and processed them with text-mining techniques. As a result,（ 1） the questions to morticians we found in the content analysis were the following: questions about the change of care, the physical change of the deceased’s body, the mortician’s care of the deceased’s body, the sentiments of the family members, the necessity of providing information, and the requests to the nurses from the family. In the text mining, major responses found were fluid leakage from the deceased, dead body-change, patient-condition, postmortem care, treatment, morticians /family-in trouble, morticians -question, family-response, and make-up. （2） The questions to family members we found in the content analysis were the feedback of the post-mortem care of the nurses, the physical changes to the deceased person, sentiments of family members, the way of nursing at the deathbed, and the operations of morticians. In the text mining, post-mortem care, family-sentiments and handling, deceased person-physical change, nurses, family-in trouble, and family-request and handling were found. From the above, the concerns over which the nurses who attended the post-mortem care training would like to see addressed come from evaluations of the results that are involved with the differences of post-mortem care techniques such as the physical change of the deceased’s body, the sentiments of family members and the provision of information to mortician. From this result it was found that there was a necessity for creating a feedback opportunity from family members and from morticians who take over the post-mortem care from the nurses in order to allow the nurses to assess their own care

Genome analyses reveal the hybrid origin of the staple crop white Guinea yam (Dioscorea rotundata)

西アフリカの主食作物ギニアヤムの起源を解明 --ギニアヤムはサバンナと熱帯雨林に生育する野生種の雑種起源--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2020-12-11.White Guinea yam (Dioscorea rotundata) is an important staple tuber crop in West Africa. However, its origin remains unclear. In this study, we resequenced 336 accessions of white Guinea yam and compared them with the sequences of wild Dioscorea species using an improved reference genome sequence of D. rotundata. In contrast to a previous study suggesting that D. rotundata originated from a subgroup of Dioscorea praehensilis, our results suggest a hybrid origin of white Guinea yam from crosses between the wild rainforest species D. praehensilis and the savannah-adapted species Dioscorea abyssinica. We identified a greater genomic contribution from D. abyssinica in the sex chromosome of Guinea yam and extensive introgression around the SWEETIE gene. Our findings point to a complex domestication scenario for Guinea yam and highlight the importance of wild species as gene donors for improving this crop through molecular breeding

123I-rose bengal ニヨル カン タンドウ シンチグラフィー ニ カンスル キソテキ ケンキュウ

Growth and microstructure of ternary Ti3SiC2 compound layers on 4H-SiC, which play am important role in formation of TiAl-based ohmic contacts to p-type SiC, were investigated in this study. The Ti3SiC2 layer was fabricated by deposition of Ti/Al contacts (where a slash “/” indicates the deposition sequence) on the 4H-SiC(0001) substrate and subsequent rapid thermal anneal at 1000°C in ultra high vacuum. After annealing, reaction products and microstructure of the Ti3SiC2 layer were investigated by X ray diffraction analysis and transmission electron microscopy observations in order to understand the growth processes of the Ti3SiC2 layer and determination of the Ti3SiC2/4H-SiC interface structure. The Ti3SiC2 layers with hexagonal plate shape were observed to grow epitaxially on the SiC(0001) surface by anisotropic lateral growth process. The interface was found to have a hetero-epitaxial orientation relationship of (0001)TSC||(0001)S and [0bar110]TSC||[0bar110]S where TSC and S represent Ti3SiC2 and 4H-SiC, respectively, and have well-defined ledge-terrace structures with low density of misfit dislocations due to an extremely low lattice mismatch of 0.4% between Ti3SiC2 and 4H-SiC