エアラインの異状発生時における機体のルーティングとクルーのペアリングの同時調整法

電気通信大学200

Optimal parameter updating and appropriate 4D seismic normalization in seismic history matching of the Nelson field

History matching of reservoirs is very important in the oil industry because the simulation model is an important tool that can help with management decisions and planning of future production strategies. Nowadays, time-lapse (4D) seismic data is very useful for better capturing the fluid displacement in the reservoir, especially between wells. It is now common to integrate 4D seismic with production data in order to constrain the simulation model to both types of data. This thesis is based on a technique for automatic production and seismic history matching of reservoirs by. This technique integrates various tools such as streamline simulation, parameterization via pilot points and Kriging and geo-body updating, a petro-elastic model and the neighborhood algorithm, all in an automatic framework. All studies in this thesis are applied to the Nelson field but the approaches used here can be applied to any similar field. The history matching aim was to identify shale volumes and their distribution by updating three reservoir properties, net:gross, horizontal and vertical permeability. All history matching studies were performed in a six years production period, with baseline and one monitor seismic survey available, and then a forecast of the following three years was made with a second monitor for comparison. Various challenges are addressed in this thesis. We introduce a streamline guide approach in order to efficiently select the regions in the reservoir that have a strong influence on production activity of the wells and 4D seismic signature. Updating was performed more effectively compared to an approach where parameters were changed everywhere in the vicinity of the wells. Then, three parameter updating schemes are introduced to effectively combine various reservoir parameters in order to capture correctly the flow behaviour. The observed 4D seismic data used in this study consisted of relative pseudo-impedance with a different unit compared to synthetic impedance data. This challenge was addressed by introducing normalization. 4D predictions in the vertical well locations and full field simulation cells used in the normalization study and we observed different level of signal/noise ratio in normalized observed 4D maps at the end of study. We include the normalized 4D maps in history matching of the field and we observed that normalization very important. We also compared the seismic and production history matching studies with a case where seismic was not included in history matching (production history matching). The results show that if 4D data is normalized appropriately, the reduction of both seismic and production misfits is better than the production only history matching case

Organizational crisis management

In the present world, crisis is becoming an integral and normal part of life and scarcely a day passes without observing a new crisis. Crises are situations that require immediate response and allocation of fantastic resource. Crises are the background of confluence of events that create new and unknown circumstances. In any situation, crisis management is required for an understanding of this situation and identifying how to respond it. Hence, the question of this study is how to manage or type of measures in certain situations. After gathering data by articles, sites and different experiences with content analysis, we concluded that tasks and measures of crisis management are discussed in the general situation, pre-crisis, during the crisis and post-crisis

Propositional Attitudes as Commitments: Unleashing Some Constraints

ABSTRACTIn a series of articles, Asbjørn Steglich-Petersen and Nick Zangwill argue that, since propositional attitude ascription judgements do not behave like normative judgements in being subject to a priori normative supervenience and the Because Constraint, PAs cannot be constitutively normative.1 I argue that, for a specific version of normativism, according to which PAs are normative commitments, these arguments fail. To this end, I argue that commitments and obligations should be distinguished. Then, I show that the intuitions allegedly governing all normative judgements do not even purport to hold for commitment-attributing judgements.RÉSUMÉDans une série d'articles, Asbjørn Steglich-Petersen et Nick Zangwill font valoir que, puisque les jugements d'attribution d'attitude propositionnelle ne se comportent pas comme des jugements normatifs en étant soumis à la survenance normative a priori et à la contrainte du Parce que, les AP ne peuvent être constitutivement normatives. Je soutiens que, pour une version spécifique du normativisme, selon laquelle les AP sont des engagements normatifs, ces arguments échouent. À cette fin, je soutiens d'abord que les engagements et les obligations devraient être séparés. Ensuite, je démontre que les intuitions qui régiraient prétendument tous les jugements normatifs ne prétendent même pas s'appliquer aux jugements attributifs d'un engagement

Approaches and the evolution of schools in strategic management

In the area of planning and strategic management, experts and scholars expressed different views about the formation and the type of strategic planning. Nowadays, such ideas are put forth in the framework of paradigm and schools. Today each of them is called a paradigm or school. Each of these ideas has got some advocates or opponents and lots of views have been expressed about the matter so far. Such remarks and statements do not offer any clear understanding of strategic planning and formation. However, these approaches and attitudes were categorized and expressed in some more general frameworks. Some groups regard strategic formation as clear, predictable, analyzable and logical processes while others regard it as being contingent. Studying the evolution of strategic schools and approaches of strategic planning can help us get a better understanding of strategic planning. In this article, in addition to studying the evolution of strategic schools, we will also explore the latest approaches to strategic planning, evaluate the characteristics and theoretical basis of each of them, and finally suggest the models related to them

The Impact of Focus on Form Instruction on Second Language Vocabulary and Grammar Learning

The teaching of vocabulary and grammar has long been an area of dispute in the field of second language acquisition (Brown, 2001). This study investigated the effect of focus on form instruction on vocabulary learning through the medium of visually enhanced reading texts. Sixty four Intermediate EFL learners were assigned to two experimental groups including a vocabulary and grammar group. After taking a pretest based on the enhanced forms, the learners received ten reading texts with visually enhanced lexical items for the vocabulary group and grammatical structures for the grammar group. In order to investigate the effect of visual enhancement of forms on participants’ vocabulary learning, they took a posttest based on the enhanced forms. Paired sample t-test and ANOVA were used for the analysis of the data gathered from the learners’ performance on the pretest and the posttest. The results revealed positive effects of visual enhancement of forms on learning vocabulary and grammar. This research can provide L2 teachers and syllabus designers with useful information about the effectiveness of visual input enhancement as a technique for vocabulary and grammar learning

Influence of Core Density and Thickness on the Behavior of Sandwich Beams under Three-Point Bending: Analytical and Experimental

The sandwich beams with a foam core and metal face sheets fail in mechanisms such as face sheet yield, core yield, local indentation, and face sheet folding. They can be used as impact energy absorbers in the aerospace, shipbuilding, automotive, rail industries, and elevators. This paper investigated the effect of changes in foam core density and thickness of sandwich beams using analytical methods and experimental tests through the three-point bending process. A total of 21 samples with a foam core made of polyurethane foams of different densities and thicknesses were subjected to a quasi-static three-point bending load. The load-displacement diagrams were obtained at the center of the beam using the Santam testing machine. Afterwards, the impact parameters including specific energy absorption (SEA), maximum and average forces, and efficiency coefficient were examined as the objectives of the test. The analytical and experimental bending results showed that the analytical results have good agreement with the experimental results. Also, it was found that increasing foam core thickness and density can increase the energy absorption capacity. Moreover, the results of experimental tests showed that the energy absorption capacity increased by 93.12% in the samples with the same thickness when increasing the density. Likewise, examining the samples with the same density and different thicknesses revealed that the energy absorption capacity increased by 33.37%

Designing and elucidation of a social entrepreneurship model in the field of health

The aim of this study was to design and explain a social entrepreneurship model in the field of health. In the present descriptive-correlational study, the statistical population of the qualitative section of the health and health sector experts consisted of all the employees of the health area. The qualitative sampling was purposeful judgments. The sampling of a small, simple random sample with Morgan's table consisted of 290 health workers. In order to collect data, Delphi method was used in qualitative section and a questionnaire was used in the quantitative section. Descriptive statistics (means, standard deviations, frequencies and percentages) and inferential methods (Pearson’s correlation coefficient and factor analysis) were used to analyse data. SPSS 16.0 and Amos 8.5 software programs were used. The results of this research indicated that different aspects of financing, promoting entrepreneurship level awareness and identifying entrepreneurship opportunities have a positive and significant effect on social entrepreneurship in the field of health. In conclusion, by enhancing and appropriate financing arrangements, one can promote the level of entrepreneurial consciousness and identify entrepreneurial opportunities that are in fact the gate to enter entrepreneurshi