Current Threats to Personnel Security of Modern Enterprises

The aim of the article is to study personnel security as a subsystem of economic security of enterprises, its role in ensuring organizational and management activities of an enterprise in view of the current situation, structural specifics, and personnel fraud, as its significant subjective threat. The article defines the dominance of the personnel security subsystem in relation to other subsystems of an enterprise’s economic security as a fundamental principle in any of its activities. The structural components of personnel security of an enterprise, which are the cause of the existence of a large number of threats, are identified. Objective and subjective threats to its provision are highlighted. The topicality of corporate fraud as a significant subjective global threat to personnel security of an enterprise is substantiated. Two main approaches to defining the concept of corporate fraud are highlighted: the legal (Ukrainian) approach and the broad (world) one. The main trends of the most common types of economic crimes and their impact on Ukrainian organizations are analyzed. The key factors and their influence on committing an economic crime and / or fraud by an employee (fraudster) in Ukraine in 2018 are identified. There proved the necessity of influencing each of the factors that cause economic crimes by encouraging a culture of openness at all levels of the organization, introducing effective control mechanisms and developing a positive corporate culture. According to the 2018 Report to the Nations “Global study on occupational fraud and abuse”, the types and number of cases of corporate fraud in the world are determined, and their structural analysis carried out

THE IMPACT OF EVENTS AFTER THE REPORTING DATE ON THE FINANCIAL POSITION AND PERFORMANCE OF BANKS

Banks maintain their accounting records and prepare financial statements in accordance with IFRS. Annual financial statements are a set of reports that characterize the financial position, results of the bank’s operations, cash flows and changes in equity for the year. It is interesting to note that the end of the reporting period is only the beginning of the stage of preparation and disclosure of financial statements. After all, in addition to the reporting date and the date of disclosure of the annual financial statements, which are known to the general public, there is a whole list of dates that are known only to managers, accountants and auditors. These are the date of completion of preparation, the date of submission to the Board of Directors, the date of partial disclosure of certain indicators, such as profit, the date of approval of the financial statements by shareholders, etc. As a rule, the reporting date is December 31 of the respective year, although it may be different in accordance with IFRS. Accordingly, the date of publication of the annual financial statements is April 30 of the year following the reporting year. At the same time, a certain period of time elapses between the reporting date and the date of approval of the financial statements. The Bank’s operations are ongoing, and therefore, there is a high probability that new events and circumstances may arise. IFRSs recommend disclosing information about events that occur between the reporting date and the date the financial statements are authorized for issue or the date the financial results or selective information is available. Such recommendations should not be ignored, as this may indicate the concealment of important information or even be classified as fraud. Events after the reporting period are any events, which may be positive or negative, favorable or unfavorable, that occur from the end of the reporting period until the financial statements are authorized vfor issue. The classification of these events depends on the date of their probable occurrence and, accordingly, their impact on the financial statements. In general, these are events that affect the financial statements and require adjustments or events that do not require adjustments. It is worth paying attention to events after the reporting period that may affect the going concern basis. IFRS prohibit banks from preparing financial statements on a going concern basis if events after the reporting period indicate that such an assumption is inappropriate. The decision to use the going concern basis is based on a checklist of going concern triggers and their detailed analysis. The checklist of triggers includes: economic and geopolitical situation; level of income and cash flows of the bank; liquidity and solvency of the bank, as well as current and future profitability; financial position of counterparties; external and internal factors affecting the work of employees. For the financial statements prepared for the year ending December 31, 2021, the war and its consequences are events that do not require adjustment, as they reflect conditions that arose after the reporting period. For example, the company’s assets were damaged as a result of hostilities between the end of the reporting period and the authorization of the financial statements for issue. In accordance with IFRS, any impairment losses will be recognized in the period in which they occur. Accordingly, information on significant losses from asset damage will not adjust the 2021 financial data, but should be disclosed in the notes to the financial statements. The study analyzed the notes to the annual financial statements of banks for 2019-2022

THE APPLICATION OF MONETARY INCENTIVE POLICY IN CURRENT ECONOMIC CONDITIONS

The aim of the article is studying the process of implementation of promotional monetary policy by investigation of the functionality of the transmission mechanism channels. The paper singles out the peculiarities of the implementation of monetary policy in well-developed and developing countries. The subject of the study is: the structure of the monetary transmission mechanism; the functionalities of both traditional and non-traditional channels and their influence on promotional monetary policy are defined. An analysis of the existing structure of the transmission mechanism made it possible to determine the strength and speed of feedback between participants and the degree of influence on the real sector and to formulate appropriate proposals for its adjustment or activation. In addition, it is indicated that, under the present conditions, it is non-traditional channels that acquire special significance; also, the main factors that have shifted the priority vector in their direction are defined. Alongside this, the study presents modern modifications of promotional monetary policy and their significance for the modern economic world. Methodology. The classic methods of scientific research are used in the article, among which are the following: observation, abstraction, comparison, systematic approach, analysis, and synthesis. Results. The conducted study clearly demonstrates that, in the process of changing financial relations, the significance of the transmission mechanism channels in the process of implementing promotional monetary policy changed, too. At the same time, it is expedient to single out the reasons that lead to a change in the role of some channels of monetary transmission in relation to others. Current research and developments are not limited to the above structure of the transmission mechanism channels. Moreover, their list is constantly replenished, which is indicative of the existence of transformational processes affecting the financial sector. The approaches to the structure of the transmission mechanism and the functionality of its channels, determined in this article, make it possible to assess the effectiveness of implementing monetary policy. Practical implications. Clarified complex causes of destructive nature, which initially level out practically any actions with regard to the system approach, namely, the absence of the integrated combination of interests of all social and economic spheres: state-business-society. Also, the results of the study provide an opportunity to identify further trends in the changing transmission mechanism channels in the implementation process of monetary policy and use this knowledge by planning and forecasting for the functionality of transmission channels. Value/originality. This research was carried out within the framework of the scientific work of the Department of Theoretical and Applied Economics of the National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute” (No. 0112U007817) on the topic: “Globalization of industrial capacity formation trends in the terms of post-industrial transformation”

Non-Standard Errors

In statistics, samples are drawn from a population in a data-generating process (DGP). Standard errors measure the uncertainty in estimates of population parameters. In science, evidence is generated to test hypotheses in an evidence-generating process (EGP). We claim that EGP variation across researchers adds uncertainty: Non-standard errors (NSEs). We study NSEs by letting 164 teams test the same hypotheses on the same data. NSEs turn out to be sizable, but smaller for better reproducible or higher rated research. Adding peer-review stages reduces NSEs. We further find that this type of uncertainty is underestimated by participants

The management of finances in international projects: optimizing costs and ensuring success through global investments and financial management

In the course of writing the scientific article, an in-depth study of aspects of financial management in the context of international projects was conducted. The focus was on analyzing cost optimization strategies and achieving success in a global investment and financial management environment. The conducted research shows that in the modern world of globalization, it is important to understand and effectively implement financial management strategies that take into account the unique aspects of international business. Particular attention is paid to the identification of risks related to the external environment, such as currency fluctuations, political and economic risks, which affect the effectiveness of financial decisions. Particular attention is paid to the use of specialized financial instruments to reduce risks, such as risk management and multi-currency settlements. The article analyzes in detail the influence of financial decisions on the effectiveness of international projects, emphasizing the strategic context of profit maximization and ensuring the stability of the financial position. The study of the interaction of financial mechanisms in international transactions takes place in the context of the unique challenges of the global business environment, including currency fluctuations and political and economic risk. In addition, the article summarizes recommendations and strategies aimed at achieving maximum efficiency and sustainability for international projects through careful strategic planning and cost optimization. A detailed analysis of various mechanisms of financial management in the context of global investments has revealed key principles that can serve as a basis for solving complex financial management tasks in international business

AI-Driven Sentiment Analysis in Social Media Content

Digitization of socio-economic relations leads to the evolution of interaction between users and companies, manifested in communications through innovative information technologies. Marketing strategies of companies are focused on the digital environment since a significant number of users actively use the Internet in everyday life. Interaction with users in the digital environment involves the use of different content related to the interests of different groups of potential customers. The dynamic life of the modern population in the world, especially representatives of the Z and Alpha generations, requires companies to post new relevant content on an ongoing basis. The presence of high-level competition between companies in the digital environment allows users to form demand by their own needs and quickly reorient from one brand to another. The main channel for communications with the target audience in the digital environment is social media, which allows interaction with different groups of consumers through relevant marketing strategies. The population’s natural need for social orientation and interaction with other people in conditions of digitalization has led to a significant increase in the popularity of various social media. For each social media, certain distinctive features lead to the use of specialized thematic content and specific communications between subscribers. In the process of interacting with companies and discussing brands, users can use text messages, stylized graphic images (emoticons, emojis, memojis, animojis, etc.), as well as photos and video content. Optimizing the company’s marketing strategy involves comprehensive research of the target audience and identification of user reactions to various actions of brands in the digital environment. Artificial intelligence algorithms make it possible to establish, based on comments, the general level of positive or negative perceptions of companies’ actions. Modern mathematical algorithms make it possible to transform graphic objects and text messages into information that characterizes the relationship of users to brands, their products, and the implementation of marketing strategies. The obtained results are used to optimize the use of digital marketing tools and ensure a high level of the target audience’s loyalty to the company and its products

Non-Standard Errors

In statistics, samples are drawn from a population in a data-generating process (DGP). Standard errors measure the uncertainty in estimates of population parameters. In science, evidence is generated to test hypotheses in an evidence-generating process (EGP). We claim that EGP variation across researchers adds uncertainty: Non-standard errors (NSEs). We study NSEs by letting 164 teams test the same hypotheses on the same data. NSEs turn out to be sizable, but smaller for better reproducible or higher rated research. Adding peer-review stages reduces NSEs. We further find that this type of uncertainty is underestimated by participants

Non-Standard Errors

In statistics, samples are drawn from a population in a data-generating process (DGP). Standard errors measure the uncertainty in sample estimates of population parameters. In science, evidence is generated to test hypotheses in an evidence-generating process (EGP). We claim that EGP variation across researchers adds uncertainty: non-standard errors. To study them, we let 164 teams test six hypotheses on the same sample. We find that non-standard errors are sizeable, on par with standard errors. Their size (i) co-varies only weakly with team merits, reproducibility, or peer rating, (ii) declines significantly after peer-feedback, and (iii) is underestimated by participants