Modelling of pollutant gas dispersion from dairy cattle barns

The increased number of modern livestock farming increase pollutant gas and particulate matter emissions and expanding of residential area against rural area cause to be more sensitive to these gas and particulate matter emissions from animal operations. In this study, pollutant gas dispersions from three dairy cattle barns operated in Bursa region were modelled using hourly outdoor environmental and topographic conditions. To develop dispersion models and describe dispersion problem as a quantity, pollutant gas emissions from dairy cattle operations and CALPUFF VIEW 5.8 modelling software were used. It was determined that estimated pollutant gas concentrations in five receptor points (A-E) in surrounding environment were significant levels. Furthermore pollutant gas emissions from dairy cattle barns can reach a remarkable values in an area with 2000 in diameter in surrounding environment.Modern hayvancılık işletmelerinin sayısının artması ile kirletici gaz ve toz konsantrasyonları da artmakta ve yerleşim alanlarının tarımsal alanların aleyhine olarak genişlemeleri bu gaz kirleticilerinin daha sıklıkla ve fazla olarak hissedilmesine neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Bursa bölgesinde faaliyet gösteren 3 adet süt sığırı işletmesinden kaynaklanan ve kokuya neden olan gazlar, yörenin meteorolojik ve topografik verileri kullanılarak modellenmiştir. Sorunun nicelik anlamda ifadesi ve modellemenin oluşturulması çalışmasında, süt sığırı işletmelerinden salınan kirletici gaz emisyonları ve CALPUFF VIEW 5.8 bilgisayar yazılımı kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda incelenen barınaklar çevresinde belirlenen ve yerleşim yerlerini temsil eden beş adet nazal noktada (A-E) kirletici konsantrasyonlarının önemli ölçülerde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, barınaktan kaynaklanan kirletici gaz emisyonlarının barınak çevresindeki ortalama 2000 m yarıçapında bir alanda uygun mevsim ve rüzgâr şartlarında hatırı sayılır değerlere ulaşabildiği ortaya konmuştu

Congenital arterial thrombosis in newborn: A case report

Neonatal thrombosis is a serious event that can cause mortality or severe morbidity. Although catheters are the most common cause of neonatal thrombosis, spontaneous events can also occur. Arterial thrombosis is very rare and accounts for approximately half of all thrombotic events in neonates. Genetic prothrombotic risk factors may affect the occurence of neonatal thrombosis. In this report, a case of left brachial, radial, and ulnar arterial thrombosis associated with methylene-tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene C677T and A1298C polymorphism heterozygosity is presented. Plasma homocysteine level and other prothrombotic components were normal. Standard heparin, aspirin, vitamin B12, B6 and folic acid were initiated for treatment. However, the left arm of the patient was amputated at the shoulder because its capillary stream could not be observed. We suggest that MTHFR gene C677T and A1298C polymorphism heterozygosity might be investigated in neonates with congenital arterial thrombosis in spite of normal serum homocysteine levels. © Trakya University Faculty of Medicine

M9 anacı üzerine aşılı mondial gala elma çeşidinin Akdeniz bölgesindeki performansı

Aims: This research was carried out on eight-year-old trees of the Mondial Gala (Malus domestica Borkh) cultivars grafted on the M9 rootstock in order to determine its performance in the Mediterranean region with subtropical climatic conditions in Mersin, Turkey. Methods and Results: In the study, the experiment was conducted in the orchard of private sector at Erdemli/Mersin. Mondial Gala which eight years, planted with planting spaces of 1x3 m flowering times, yield and fruit quality parameters were investigated. Conclusions: According to the results, first flowering was observed on April 1, full flowering on April 10 and end of flowering on April 17, and fruits were harvested at the end of July. The fruit weight (average 223.2 g), the yield per tree (average 22.6 kg), and yield per trunk cross-sectional area was observed as 0.56 kg/cm2 at the end of the eighth year. Observed values indicated that Mondial Gala summer apple cultivars were found to be promising for early apple growing in the higher parts of subtropical ecological conditions of Turkey. Significance and Impact of the Study: Phenological and pomological features of ‘Mondial Gala’ apple cultivar were evaluated at high altitudes of Mersin with subtropical climates of Turkey.Amaç: M9 üzerine aşılı 3x1m aralıklarla dikilmiş 8 yaşlı Mondial Gala (Malus domestica Borkh) çeşidinin Mersin (Türkiye) ilinde, subtropik iklim şartlarındaki performansının saptanması amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Yöntem ve Bulgular: Mersin/erdemli ilçesinde özel sektöre ait bahçede çalışma yürütülmüştür. 1x3 m dikim mesafesiyle dikilmiş 8 yaşındaki Mondial Gala elma çeşidinin çiçeklenme zamanı, verim ve meyve kalite özellikleri araştırılmıştır. Genel Yorum: Mondial Gala çeşidinin ilk çiçeklenme 1 Nisan, tam çiçeklenme 10 Nisan ve çiçeklenme sonu 17 Nisan olarak gözlemlenmiştir. Meyveler Haziran’ın sonunda hasat edilmiştir. Ağaç başına verim 22.6 kg ve gövde kesit alanına düşen verim 0.56 kg/cm2 olarak belirlenmiştir. Ortalama meyve ağırlığı ise 223.2 g olarak saptanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar Mondial Gala elma çeşidinin Akdeniz Bölgesinin yüksek kısımlarında ekonomik olarak yetiştirilebileceği göstermiştir. Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Türkiye’nin subtropik iklim kuşağında bulunan Mersin ilçesinde yüksek rakımda bulunan Mondial Gala elma çeşidinin fenolojik ve pomolojik özelliklerinin belirlemek

Melatonin suppresses cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity via activation of Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway

WOS: 000314541600001PubMed ID: 23311701Background: Cisplatin, one of the most effective and potent anticancer drugs, is used in the treatment of a wide variety of both pediatric and adult malignancies. However, the chemotherapeutic use of cisplatin is limited by its serious side-effects such as nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Cisplatin chemotherapy induces a reduction in the antioxidant status, leading to a failure of the antioxidant defense against free-radical damage generated by antitumor drugs. Cisplatin-induced oxidative stress in the kidney was partially prevented by antioxidant treatments using superoxide dismutase, glutathione, selenium and flavonoids. Melatonin and its metabolites possess free-radical scavenging activity and it has been shown that they protect against cisplatin toxicity. However, the mechanism of the protective effects of melatonin against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity is still essentially unknown. We therefore designed this study to investigate the underlying mechanism of the protective effect of melatonin against cisplatin-induced renal damage in a rat nephrotoxicity model in vivo. Methods: Twenty eight 8-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into four groups of control, melatonin treatment (4 mg/kg b.w i.p. for 10 days), cisplatin treatment (7 mg/kg b.w., i.p.) and melatonin and cisplatin combination treatment. Serum urea nitrogen (urea-N) and creatinine levels were measured. Histopathological changes were evaluated. In addition, we analyzed the expression levels of HO-1, Nrf2, NF-kappa B and AP-1 in Western blot analysis. Results: Both serum creatinine and urea nitrogen increased significantly following cisplatin administration alone; these values decreased significantly with melatonin co-treatment of cisplatin-treated rats. Histological analysis showed that cisplatin caused damage in the proximal tubular cells in the kidneys of cisplatin-treated rats; these changes were reversed by melatonin co-treatment. Upon Western blot analysis, melatonin treatment increased Nrf2 accumulation in the nuclear fraction, and increased the expression of HO-1 in the cytosolic fraction as compared to the cisplatin-treated rats. Expressions of NF-kappa B p65 and AP-1 were increased significantly in the kidneys of rats treated with cisplatin compared with the expression in the kidneys from the control, melatonin-only-treated and melatonin co-treated rats. Conclusion: Our present data suggest that melatonin attenuates cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity possibly by modulating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling.EMBO (European Molecular Biology Organization) installation grant; Turkish Academy of Sciences (TUBA)This work was supported by EMBO (European Molecular Biology Organization) installation grant and The Turkish Academy of Sciences (TUBA)

Machine Learning-Based Adaptive Genetic Algorithm for Android Malware Detection in Auto-Driving Vehicles

The growing trend toward vehicles being connected to various unidentified devices, such as other vehicles or infrastructure, increases the possibility of external attacks on“vehicle cybersecurity (VC). Detection of intrusion is a very important part of network security for vehicles such as connected vehicles, that have open connectivity, and self-driving vehicles. Consequently, security has become an important requirement in trying to protect these vehicles as attackers have become more sophisticated in using malware that can penetrate and harm vehicle control units as technology advances. Thus, ensuring the vehicles and the network are safe is very important for the growth of the automotive industry and for people to have more faith in it. In this study, a machine learning-based detection approach using hybrid analysis-based particle swarm optimization (PSO) and an adaptive genetic algorithm (AGA) is presented for Android malware detection in auto-driving vehicles. The “CCCS-CIC-AndMal-2020” dataset containing 13 different malware categories and 9504 hybrid features was used for the experiments. In the proposed approach, firstly, feature selection is performed by applying PSO to the features in the dataset. In the next step, the performance of XGBoost and random forest (RF) machine learning classifiers is optimized using the AGA. In the experiments performed, a 99.82% accuracy and F-score were obtained with the XGBoost classifier, which was developed using PSO-based feature selection and AGA-based hyperparameter optimization. With the random forest classifier, a 98.72% accuracy and F-score were achieved. Our results show that the application of PSO and an AGA greatly increases the performance in the classification of the information obtained from the hybrid analysis

Enhancement of cisplatin sensitivity in human cervical cancer: Epigallocatechin-3-gallate

Cisplatin is one of the effective chemotherapeutics in the treatment of several types of cancers. However, in addition to the efforts against to its toxicity, the amelioration of cisplatin sensitivity is an important point in treatment of cervical cancer. To do so, additional substances such as epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a polyphenol in green tea, have been used in combination with chemotherapeutics. We aimed to investigate the possible molecular pathways to potentiate cervical cancer cell (HeLa) growth inhibition by combination therapy of cisplatin and EGCG. HeLa cells were treated with EGCG (25µM), cisplatin (250 nM), and their combination for 24 h. Cell viability was determined by MTS Assay. We analyzed the expressions of NF-κB p65, COX-2, Nrf2, HO-1, p-mTOR, p-p70S6K1, p-4E-BP1, and p-Akt byWestern blot analysis. Herein, we have demonstrated that EGCG works synergistic with cisplatin in inhibiting growth of cervical cancer cells. EGCG improved efficacy of cisplatin treatment in HeLa cells by regulating NFκB p65, COX-2, p-Akt, and p-mTOR pathways, whereas it increased the expression levels of Nrf2/HO-1 in combined therapy. Our observations revealed that EGCG increases the sensitization of cisplatin to cervical cancer cells by inhibiting cell survival and inducing apoptosis

The ethical issues related to news in Turkish media about the Bosnia Meetings as an instrument of molding public opinion

Bu çalışmada kitle iletişim araçlarının kamuoyu oluşumuna etkileri, Türk basınında yer alan “Bosna Mitingi” haberlerinin veriliş biçimi, zamanlaması ve sonrasındaki tartışmalarda yaşanan etik sorunlar ışığında değerlendirilecektir. Bilindiği üzere Yugoslavya’nın dağılmasının ardından Balkanlar’da başlayan çatışmalar ve sonrasında yaşanan olaylar, dünya medyasında olduğu gibi Türk medyasında geniş yer bulmuş, gelişmeler olabildiğince hızlı kamuoyuna aktarılmaya çalışılmıştır. İşte tam da bu noktada Türk halkının Bosna’ya karşı var olan duyarlılığının daha da artmasında bu haberler etkili olmuş ve 10 Nisan 1994 günü, Türkiye’nin birçok şehrinde “Bosna Mitingleri” düzenlenmiştir. Kitle iletişim araçlarının toplumun hassas olduğu konularda yaptığı yayınlarla kamuoyu oluşturma ve gündem belirleme etkisi açıkça gözlenmiştir. Bu etki sonucunda düzenlenen “Bosna Mitingleri” ile ilgili haberlerin yapılışında ve sunuluşunda ortaya çıkan etik sorunlar ve bunun sonucunda meydana gelen gelişmeler değerlendirilecektir. Çalışma sonucunda, kitle iletişim araçlarının kamuoyunun hassas olduğu konularda haber yaparken kamuoyu oluşturma ve gündem belirleme fonksiyonları, “Bosna Mitingleri” haberleri bağlamında değerlendirilecektir ve bu konuyla ilgili olay öncesi ve sonrası yapılan haberlerde ortaya çıkan etik sorun ortaya konulacaktır.In this study, the effects of mass media in molding public opinion, the way and the timing of the presentation of the Bosnia Meetings news in the Turkish Media, and the ethical issues related to the discussions later took place will be discussed. As it is known, after the separation of Yugoslavia , the conflicts in Balkans, and the incidents took place later on have widespread coverage on world media, as well as Turkish media, and the developments were being tried to be presented to the public opinion as fast as possible. At this point, those news have been effective in increasing the sensitivity level of Turkish public about Bosnia, and on 10th of April, 1994, “Bosnia Meetings” were arranged in numerous cities of Turkey. The effects of the mass media broadcasts like molding public opinion and agenda setting about the issues that society is so sensitive have been monitored explicitly. The ethical problems stem from the presentation and the make of the news related to “Bosnia Meetings” and the developments will be evaluated. As a result of this study, molding public opinion and agenda setting functions of mass media and delicate will be reviewed in the context of “Bosnia Meetings” news and the ethical problems in both pre-event and past-event news will be presented

Effects of ground cover on earliness, yield and fruit quality characteristics of Bursa siyahı fig cultivar

Bu çalışma, Bursa Siyahı incir çeşidinde yer örtüsü kullanımının erkencilik, verim ve meyve kalitesine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmada yer örtüsü olarak polipropilenden üretilen (Jüt) materyal kullanılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında yer örtüsünün erkencilik, ağaç başına verim (kg/ağaç), meyve ağırlığı (g), meyve eni (mm), meyve boyu (mm), meyve boyun uzunluğu (mm), ostiole açıklığı (mm), suda çözünebilir kuru madde içeriği (SÇKM), pH ve asit içeriğine (%) etkileri incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, Bursa Siyahı çeşidinde yer örtüsü kullanımının meyve olgunlaşmasında 2-3 günlük erkencilik sağladığı tespit edilmiştir. Yer örtüsünün meyve ağırlığı ve meyve eni değerlerini (sırasıyla, 65.29 g ve 49.99 mm) kontrol bitkilerine (sırasıyla, 55.23 g ve 47.19 mm) göre önemli düzeyde arttırdığı belirlenmiştir. Meyve suyunun SÇKM, pH ve asit içeriğine yer örtüsü kullanımının etkisinin olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, yer örtüsü kullanımının yabancı ot kontrolü, sulama ve gübreleme tasarrufu yanında Bursa Siyahı çeşidinde erkenci verim ve meyve iriliğinde artış sağladığı tespit edilmiştir.This study was carried out to determine the effects of ground cover use on earliness, yield and fruit quality in Bursa Siyahı fig cultivar. Polypropylene (Jute) material was used as the ground cover. In the study, earliness, yield per tree (kg/tree), fruit weight (g), fruit width (mm), fruit length (mm), fruit neck length (mm), ostiole width (mm), total soluble solids (TSS), pH and acid content (%) were investigated. As a result of the study, Bursa Siyahı cultivar grown in ground cover was 2-3 days earlier in fruit ripening. The ground cover significantly increased fruit weight and fruit width values (65.29 g and 49.99 mm, respectively) compared to control plants (55.23 g and 47.19 mm, respectively). It was found that the using of ground cover had no effect on the TSS, pH and acidity content of the fruit juice. As a result, the using of ground cover, weed control, irrigation and fertilization savings, as well as increased early yield and fruit size of Bursa Siyahı cultivar

Effects of some applications on seedling emergence of hawthorn (Crataegus azarolus L.)

Bu çalışma, Hatay’ın Belen ilçesinde yaygın olarak yetiştirilen Sarı Alıç genotipine ait tohumların çıkış oranları üzerine farklı uygulamaların etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada 2017 ve 2018 yıllarından elde edilen endokarplı ve endokarpsız tohumlara iki katlama sıcaklığı (0℃ ve 4℃), farklı katlama sürelerinin (0, 1, 2, 3 ve 4 ay) ve endokarpsız tohumlara giberellik asit (3000 ppm) uygulamaları yapılmıştır. Uygulamalar sonrasında tohumlar doğrudan torf-perlit (3:1) karışımına ekilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, 2018 yılından elde edilen endokarpsız tohumlara doğrudan 3000 ppm giberellik asit uygulamasının en yüksek çıkış oranını (%60.00) verirken, en düşük çıkış oranının endokarplı tohumda olduğu (%5.00) belirlenmiştir. Katlama sıcaklıkları çöğürlerin çıkış oranlarını etkilemiş ve endokarpsız tohumlara 4℃’de 1 ay bekletme sonrasında 3000 ppm giberellik asit uygulamasından %53.33 oranında çıkış elde edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, Sarı Alıç genotipinde, endokarpsız tohumlara doğrudan 3000 ppm giberellik asit uygulamasının en yüksek çıkış oranını verdiği belirlenmiştir.This study was carried out to determine the effect of different applications on seed emergence of Sarı Alıç hawthorn genotype widely grown in Belen district of Hatay. In this study, in seeds with endocarp and without endocarp sampled from 2017 and 2018 and two stratification temperatures (0℃ and 4℃), different stratification times (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 months) and seeds without endocarp applied with 3000 ppm GA₃ applications were evaluated. After the applications, the seeds were sown directly into the peat-perlite (3:1) mixture. As a result of the study, the highest seedling emergence (60.00%) was found in seeds without endocarp (sampled from 2018) treated with 3000 ppm GA₃, while the lowest emergence was found to be seeds with endocarp (5.00%). The stratification temperatures affected seedling emergence and emergence rate of 1 month stratification at 4℃+3000 ppm gibberellic acid application for seeds without endocarp was 53.33%. As a result, the highest emergence rates in Sarı Alıç hawthorn genotype was found in gibberellic acid application (3000 ppm) to seed without endocarp