Hypothyroidism in Children with Serous Otitis Media

Objective:In this study, we aimed to evaluate the co-existence and prevalence of hypothyroidism in patients with otitis media with effusion (OME) and to determine the possible relationship between OME and hypothyroidism.Methods:The subject group consisted of 46 paediatric patients (26 boys, 20 girls), ranging in age from 4 to 14 years (mean age±SD 7.78±2.86 years), who were treated in the department of otorhinolaryngology for OME; the control group composed of 30 healthy children (20 boys, 10 girls), ranging in age from 3 to 14 years (mean age±SD 7.20±2.86 years). Triiodothyronine (Free T3), thyroxin (free T4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) values of 46 children who were treated for OME, in addition to 30 healthy children, were evaluated.Results:Seven patients (15.2%) in the OME group, and one patient (3.3%) in the control group had subclinical hypothyroidism marked only by serum TSH elevations. All of the children in this study, regardless of whether from the subject or control group, had normal serum free T3 and free T4 levels. There was no significant difference between subject and control groups (p>0.05).Conclusion:Although there was no statistically significant difference between subject and control groups in this study, further studies with larger patient groups are needed to investigate the role of hypothyroidism in the aetiology of OME

Omentum adiposity is linked with resistin gene expression

Background: This study demonstrated site-specific adipose tissue resistin gene expression differences in individuals with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus. The relationship between conventional drug therapy and adipose tissue resistin gene expression was also determined. Paired omental and subcutaneous adipose tissues were excised during elective surgery from morbidly obese and obese patients. Methods: Resistin mRNA expressions were determined by qPCR. All tissue sections also were also analyzed for their resistin and CD68 protein expressions by immunohistochemistry. Results: No significant difference for omental and subcutaneous adipose tissue resistin mRNA expression levels were found among morbidly obese and obese study groups. The omental adipocytes resistin mRNA expressions increased with macrophage number both in the omental and subcutaneus fat. Resistin mRNA expressions of the omental and subcutaneous fat were in positive correlation. As the omental adipocytes radius decreased, the macrophage number increased in subcutaneous fat. In the omentum the adipocytes diameter and areas increased, in correlation with macrophage number. The antidiabetic drug use was found to increase adipocyte size both in the omentum and subcutaneous fat. Conclusions: The higher resistin gene expression in the omental fat may induce the increase in size and number of adipocytes, thus leading to elavation in omental fat mass

Radiologic findings of screen-detected cancers in an organized population-based screening mammography program in Turkey

PURPOSE:Bahçeşehir Breast Cancer Screening Program is a population based organized screening program in Turkey, where asymptomatic women aged 40–69 years are screened biannually. In this prospective study, we aimed to determine the mammographic findings of screen-detected cancers and discuss the efficacy of breast cancer screening in a developing country.METHODS:A total of 6912 women were screened in three rounds. The radiologic findings were grouped as mass, focal asymmetry, calcification, and architectural distortion. Masses were classified according to shape, border, and density. Calcifications were grouped according to morphology and distribution. Cancers were grouped according to the clinical stage.RESULTS:Seventy cancers were detected with an incidence of 4.8/1000. Two cancers were detected in other centers and three were not visualized mammographically. Mammographic presentations of the remaining 65 cancers were mass (47.7%, n=31), calcification (30.8%, n=20), focal asymmetry (16.9%, n=11), architectural distortion (3.1%, n=2), and skin thickening (1.5%, n=1). The numbers of stage 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 cancers were 13 (20.0%), 34 (52.3%), 14 (21.5%), 3 (4.6%), and 1 (1.5%), respectively. The numbers of interval and missed cancers were 5 (7.4%) and 7 (10.3%), respectively.CONCLUSION:A high incidence of early breast cancer has been detected. The incidence of missed and interval cancers did not show major differences from western screening trials. We believe that this study will pioneer implementation of efficient population-based mammographic screenings in developing countries

Laryngoscopic Examination During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Turkish Voice Speech and Swallowing Disorders Society and Turkish Professional Voice Society Recommendations

COVID-19 is highly transmissible and spreads rapidly in the population. This increases the occupational risk for health care workers. In otolaryngology clinic practice, patients with upper respiratory tract infection symptoms are common. Also, routine head and neck examinations such as oral cavity examination, nasal/nasopharyngeal examination, or video laryngostroboscopic evaluation are highly risky because of the aerosol formation. To emphasize this issue, two leading otolaryngology organizations in Turkey; 'Voice Speech and Swallowing Disorders Society', and 'Professional Voice Society' gathered a task force. This task force aimed to prepare a consensus report that would provide practical recommendations of the safety measurements during routine clinical care of laryngology patients. To fulfill this, universal aim, on the 2nd and 9th of May 2020, two web-based meetings were conducted by 20 expert physicians. This eighteen items list was prepared as an output

Akut maksiller sinüzitli çocuklarda predispozan faktörler ve water's grafisinin değeri.

Çocukların yılda 6-8 kez üst solunum yolu enfeksiyonu geçirdiği, üst solunum yolu enfeksiyonlarından sonra %0.5-5 oranında bakteriyal sinüzit geliştiği düşünülürse, sinüzit oldukça sık karşılaşılan bir hastaiiKtır. Bu çalışmada Ocak 1998-Aralık 1998 tarihleri arasında, Selçuk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi KBB Ana bilim Dalı polikliniğine başvuran, yaşları 4-14 arasında değişen, klinik ve radyolojik oiarak akut bakteriyal sinüzit bulguları gösteren 24'ü erkek, 16'sı kız toplam 40 hasta incelenmiştir. Fedıyatrik sinuzitii nastaıaraaKİ KiıniK ve radyoıojiK ozeiiikier; amoKsısıiin-klavulanat potasyum ile tedavi edilen vakaların tedavi öncesi ve sonrası semptom, bulgu ve radyolojik sonuçlar; predispozan faktörler ve normal popuiasyonda saptanan radyolojik bozukluklar tespit edilerek, direk grafiierin anlamı araştırılmıştır. Sonuç olarak; akut maksiller sinüzitli çocuklardaki en sık görülen semptomlar burun tıkanıklığı, öksürük, burun akıntısı ve baş ağrısıdır. En sık tespit edilen I bulgular ise burun mukozasında hiperemi veya ödem, postnazal akıntı, septonazal deviyasyon ve sinüs noktalarında hassasiyet olduğu bulunmuştur. Septonazal deviyasyon ve adenoid hipertrofisi, çocukluk çağı akut maksiller sinüzitlerinde onemii preoıspozan TaKiorierdendir ve tedavinin sonucu üzerinde etkilidir. Water's grafisi akut maksiller sinüzitli çocukların değerlendirilmesinde ve özellikle tedavinin takibinde değerli bir metottur. Ancak asemptomatik çocuklarda da radyolojik patolojilerin olabileceği göz önünde tutulmalıdır. Akut maksiller sinüzitli çocuklarda amoksisiiın- klavuianat ampirik tedavide seçilebilecek etkili bir antimikrobiyaidir.Sinusitis is a very common disease, since every child has 6 to 8 upper respiratory truct infection annually and 0.5 to 5 percent of them will have bacterial sinusitis. In this study; 24 male and 16 female 40 child between 4 to 14 years old age who admitted to S. Ü. Faculty of medicine policlinics were investigated. The clinical and radiologic features, amoxicillin-clavulanate potassium treated patients symptoms, signs, radiologic features before and after treatment. Predisposing factors and radiologically abnormal views in normal population were diagnosed and the value of direct radiologic evaluation was researched. As a result; the most prominent symptoms of the acute maxillary sinusitis children were nasal obstruction, cough, nasal discharge and headache. The most frequently diagnosed signs were erythematous nasal mucosa, postnasal discharge, septal deviation. The important predisposing factors of the pediatric age maxillary sinusitis were septonasal deviation and adenoid vegetations and these factors may influence the outcome of the treatment. Water's projection is a very valuable diagnostic modality in evaluation and assesment of the treatment outcomes in maxillary sinusitis children. Also radiologic abnormality could be find in asymptomatic children. Amoxicillin-clavulanate potassium is an effective antimicrobial agent in the ampiric treatment of the acute maxillary sinusitis patients

MENSTRUAL CYCLE-MENSTRUAL, FOLLICULAR AND PREMENSTRUAL PHASE-VOCAL PROPERTIES OF WOMEN HAVING VOCAL TRAINING

Ses eğitimi alan kadınların menstrual döngünün menstrual, folliküler ve premenstrual evrelerine ait ses özelliklerinin araştırılması amacıyla yapılan bu çalışma, durum tespitine yönelik tarama modelindedir. Çalışma grubu Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Müzik Eğitimi Anabilim Dalında öğrenim gören 15 kız öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Sesin, görsel özellikleri VLS (Videolarengostroboskopi), akustik özellikleri CSL (Computerized Speech Laboratory) 4500 bilgisayar ortamında Kay Elemetrics MDVP (Multi Dimensional Voice Program) ve Shure Sm 48 model mikrofon, VRP (Voice Range Profile) ile aerodinamik özellikleri PAS (Phonatory Aerodynamics System) ile belirlenmiş olup verilerin analizinde istatistikî yöntemlerden tekrarlı ölçümler ve friedman testleri kullanılmıştır. Ses özelliklerinden elde edilen veriler menstrual döngünün menstrual, folliküler ve premenstrual evreleri arasındaki farklılık açısından değerlendirilmiş; comfortable sustained phonation parametresi mean picth, voicing efficiency parametresi mean picth, VRP protokollerinden minimum F0 (Hz) VRP Fizyolojik ve F0 @ Max, Energy (Hz) VRP Fizyolojik açılarından anlamlı bir fark olduğu görülmüştür. Premenstrual evrede en sık bildirilen şikâyet ses yorgunluğu ve ses kısıklığı olmuştur.This study, conducted to investigate the voice characteristics of women who are receiving voice training during their menstrual cycle -menstrual, follicular and premenstrual phases, is a screening model to determine the situation. The study group is consisted of 15 female students from Necmettin Erbakan University, Music Education program. The visual properties of the voice are determined via VLS (Video Laryngostroboscopy), acoustic properties are determined via CSL (Computerized Speech Laboratory) 4500 computer by Kay Elemetrics MDVP (Multi Dimensional Voice Program) and Shure Sm 48 model microphone, VRP (Voice Range Profile) and aerodynamic properties are determined by PAS (Phonatory Aerodynamics System) and repeated measures and friedman tests are used as the statistical methods to analyze of the data. The data obtained from the vocal properties have been evaluated in terms of the differences in the menstrual, follicular and pre-menstrual phases of the menstrual cycle and significant differences have been found via comfortable sustained phonation parameter mean pitch, voicing efficiency parameter mean pitch, VRP Protokols minimum F0 (Hz), VRP physiological and F0 @ Max, Energy (Hz) VRP physiological. The most common problem determined in premenstural phase is tired vocal performance and hoarseness

Larengotrakeal rekonstrüksiyonda kosta kıkırdağıyla Dacron greftin karşılaştırması: Deneysel çalışma

Amaç: Larenks rekonstrüksiyonunda Dacron implant kullanımını değerlendirmek ve bu materyalin baş-boyun cerrahilerinde potansiyel endikasyonlarını tartışmak. Yöntem: Her biri 12 Wistar albino sıçandan ibaret üç grup oluşturuldu. Grup 1 kontrol grubu olup bu gruptaki sıçanlarda krikoit kıkırdaktan 5. trakea halkasına kadar 6 mm uzunluğunda kesi yapılarak elde edilen 555 mmlik otolog kosta kıkırdağı transplantasyonu yoluyla anterior larengotrakeal rekonstrüksiyon gerçekleştirildi. Grup 2de, Grup 1de olduğu gibi trakea eşit uzunluklarda bölümlere ayrıldı ve aynı büyüklükte homolog kıkırdak nakliyle anterior larengotrakeal rekonstrüksiyon gerçekleştirildi. Grup 3de trakea, Grup 1e eşit bölümlere ayrıldı ve aynı büyüklükte bir Dacron greftiyle rekonstrüksiyon yapıldı. İmplantasyondan sonraki 12. haftada sıçanlar sakrifiye edildi ve hasta gruplar trakea kesit alanı, parsiyel oksijen basıncı, epitelizasyon, neovaskülarizasyon, enflamatuar hücre infiltrasyonu ve yeni kondrosit oluşumu açısından karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: Grup 1de postoperatif 2. günde pnömotoraks ve Grup 3de ise 8. günde granülasyon ve krutlanma nedeniyle birer deney hayvanı kaybedildi. Trakea enine kesit alanı ve parsiyel oksijen basıncı açısından gruplar arasında herhangi bir istatistiksel farklılık yoktu. Grup 2 ve Grup 3 arasında epitel gelişimi ve neovaskülarizasyon açısından istatistiksel bir farklılık yoktu ancak Grup 1, diğer iki gruptan anlamlı derecede daha iyi idi. Greft reddinde lenfosit infiltrasyonu önemli bir parametre olup gruplar arasında önemli bir farklılık vardı. Grup 1, diğer 2 gruptan daha iyi olduğu gibi Grup 3ün, Grup 2den hatırı sayılır derecede farklı olduğu belirlendi. Yeni kondrosit gelişimi açısından Grup 1. ile Grup 2 arasında anlamlı bir farklılık vardı. Sonuç: Epitel, neovaskülarizasyon ve kondrosit gelişim skorları daha iyi olduğu için otojen kosta kıkırdağı trakea ve larenks için ideal greft materyalidir. Dacronun kullanıldığı grupta stenoz, enfeksiyon ve rejeksiyon olmadığı, tüm deney hayvanlarında epitel gelişimi ve neovaskülarizasyon tatminkâr derecede oluştuğu için larenks rekonstrüksiyonunda Dacron implantları güvenle kullanılabilmektedir.Objective: To evaluate the use of the Dacron® implant in laryngeal reconstruction and to discuss potential indications of this material in head and neck surgeries. Methods: Three groups consisting of 12 Wistar albino rats in each were formed, Group 1 was the control group and anterior laryngotratecheal reconstruction was performed by transplanting autologous costal cartilage sized 5¥5¥5 mm obtained by 6 mm longitunal sectioning extending from cricoid cartilage to the 5th tracheal ring. Group 2: Trachea sectioning was performed in equal lengths as in Group 1, and anterior laryngotracheal reconstruction was carried out by transplanting the same sized homologous cartilage. Group 3: Trachea sectioning was performed in equal lengths as in Group 1 and anterior laryngotracheal reconstruction was carried out by Dacron® graft in the same size. The rats were sacrificed in the 12th week of the implantation, and the groups were compared in terms of their tracheal section area, partial oxygen pressure, epithelialization, neovascularization, inflammatory cell infiltration and new chondrocyte development. Results: One experimental animal in Group 1 was lost due to pneumothorax on the second day postoperatively. In Group 3, one animal died because of development of granulation and crusting on the 8th day postoperatively. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of tracheal cross sectional area, and partial oxygen pressure. While there was no significant difference in terms of epithelial development and neovascularization between Groups 2 and 3, while Group 1 was significantly better than Groups 2 and 3. Lymphocytic infiltration is an essential parameter in graft rejection and there was a significant difference between the groups. Group 1 was better than the other two groups but it was determined that Group 3 was considerably different from Group 2. There was a significant difference between Groups 1 and 2 in terms of new chondrocyte development. Conclusion: Autogenous costal cartilage is an ideal graft material for trachea and larynx since scores of epithelial development, neovascularization and chondrocyte development are better. Dacron® implant can be used safely in laryngeal reconstrucion as stenosis, infection and rejection did not occur in Group 3 exposed to Dacron®, and epithelial development and nerovascularization occurred satisfactorily in all experimental animals