Pathload for available bandwidth esti-mation techniques (ABETs) for an efficient telemedicine content transport network

A research article was submitted to International Journal of Advancements in Research & Technology, Volume 2, Issue 8, August-2013The ability to measure end-to-end Available Bandwidth (unused capacity) in the network path is useful for route selection in overlay networks, for QoS verification, network management and traffic engineering. This paper investigates at applying techniques and measurement of Available Bandwidth (AB) in the congestion control for the transmission of an efficient telemedicine content transport network by using an important ABETs tool such as Pathload. This paper discusses measurement and simulation results of wired and wireless networks for the unused capacity in the real telemedicine network path and normal network path. The results can assist an organization or country in estimating the network bandwidth requirements depending on the ability of exchange multimedia data of an organization or country. The logistics could cater implementation of low cost telemedicine applications. The telemedicine systems could include wireless and wired medical interface and communication infrastructure. A simulation has been done to investigate the network quality of servic

Overview applications of data mining in health care: The case study of Arusha region

A research article was submitted to International Journal of Computational Engineering Research||Vol, 03||Issue, 8| 2013Data mining as one of many constituents of health care has been used intensively and extensively in many organizations around the globe as an efficient technique of finding correlations or patterns among dozens of fields in large relational databases to results into more useful health information. In healthcare, data mining is becoming increasingly popular and essential. Data mining applications can greatly benefits all parties involved in health care industry. The huge amounts of data generated by healthcare transactions are too complex and voluminous to be processed and analyzed by traditional methods. Data mining provides the methodology and technology to transform huge amount of data into useful information for decision making. This paper explores data mining applications in healthcare in Arusha region of Tanzania more particularly; it discusses data mining and its applications in major areas such as evaluation of treatment effectiveness, management of healthcare itself and lowering medical cost

Barriers to men who have sex with men attending HIV related health services in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

The HIV/ AIDS disease burden is disproportionately high among men who have sex with men (MSM) worldwide. If this group will continue to be ignored they will continue to be the focus of HIV infection to the general population. This study explored barriers impeding MSM utilizing the HIV related health services currently available. The objectives of the study were to: (i) determine how stigma and discrimination affect MSM attendance to HIV related health services; (ii) determine how health care worker’s (HCW’s) practices and attitudes towards MSM affect their attendance to HIV related health service; (iii) learn MSM’s perception towards seeking HIV related health services and other factors affecting accessibility of HIV related health services among MSM in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. This was a descriptive study whereby qualitative methods were employed, using in-depth interviews for 50 individuals and focus group discussions for 5 groups which were conducted at PASADA premises, in Temeke district in 2012. After transcription data was read through, codes created were then collapsed into themes which were interpreted. The findings of this study show that majority of the study participants access HIV related health services in Dar es Salaam when they need to. However, they reported stigma and discrimination, lack of confidentiality and privacy, lack of availability and MSM friendly HIV related health services, financial challenges, poor practices and negative attitudes directed towards them by health workers, fears and lack of HIV knowledge among them as barriers for them to access these services. With these findings, there is an importance of enabling MSM to overcome the perceived stigma when seeking for HIV related health services. Also there is a need to conduct further research with regards to how HCW’s treat this group and their understanding on same sex practices

Phytochemical Study and in Vitro Test of the Activity of Total Extracts of Cissampelos Mucronata (Menispermaceae) Leaves on Plasmodia Falciparum

Objectives: The objectives of the present work were to carry out a phytochemical and pharmacological study of total extracts of Cissampelos mucronata (Menispermaceae) leaves on Plasmodium falciparum. Methods: To achieve this we: harvested and dried the plant's leaves, and carried out phytochemical screening to detect the chemical substances contained in the plant; performed a chromatographic analysis to study the similarity of the chemical structures of these substances with modern antimalarial drugs; tested the in vitro antimalarial activity of extracts from this plant against modern antimalarial drugs: quinine, L-artem and Doxycycline. Results: The results obtained revealed that: the leaves of the Cissampelos mucronata plant (Menispermaceae) contain all the substances we're looking for, but at different levels; some of the active ingredients found in these leaves have chemical structures similar to those of the above-mentioned modern antimalarials, while others do not. Anti-malarial test confirms plant's activity against Plasmodim falciparum. Conclusion: alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, at 50%, terpenoids, lipoids, have a high concentration of active principle; saponins, phenols, terpenoids, are at 30%; steroids and quinones are at 20%. For thin-layer chromatology (TLC): In the aqueous extract of Cissampelos micronata(Menuspermaceae, there is one spot with a retention coefficient (Rf) equal to that of L-artm 0.9 and contains 5 different Rf spots; this means that the plant contains a single substance with a chemical structure similar to that of strong L-artm ; In the ethanolic extract of this plant, there is no substance with the same chemical structure as the antimalarial drugs in common use in the environment where they are used. Similarly, the ethanolic extract and the aqueous extract contain certain substances with the same chemical structure. In this plant, there is no active ingredient with the same chemical structure as doxycycline and cyprofloxacin. This has led us to conclude that the leaves of Cissampelos mucronata (Menispermaceae) need to be used by people in and around South Kivu province to treat malaria, but with caution, as the pharmaco-vigilance of this plant has not yet been elucidated

Available Bandwidth Estimation Techniques (ABETS) For An Efficient Telemedicine Content Transport Network

A research article was submitted by International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) Vol. 2 Issue 7, July - 2013The ability to measure end-to-end Available Bandwidth (unused capacity) in the network path is useful for route selection in overlay networks, QoS verification, network management, traffic engineering and real-time resource provisioning, control flow and congestion, construction of overlay - routing infrastructure, topology building in peer to peer networks, and call admission control, dynamic encoding rate modification in streaming applications, capacity planning, intelligent routing systems, and design of transport layer protocols. This paper investigates at applying techniques and measurement of Available Bandwidth (AB) in the congestion control for the transmission of an efficient telemedicine content transport network by using an important ABETs tool like Pathload, IGI, and Pathchirp. This paper discusses measurement and simulation results of wired and wireless networks for the unused capacity in the network. The results can assist an organization or country in estimating the network bandwidth requirements depending on the ability of exchange multimedia data of an organization or country. The logistics could cater implementation of low cost telemedicine applications. The telemedicine systems could include wireless and wired medical interface and communication infrastructure. A simulation has been done to investigate the network quality of service

A Practical Approach to Available Bandwidth Estimation Techniques (ABETs) for an Efficient Telemedicine Content Transport Network

A research article was published by International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 4, Issue 9, September 2013The ability to measure end-to-end Available Bandwidth (unused capacity) in the network path is useful for route selection in overlay networks, QoS verification, network management, traffic engineering and real-time resource provisioning, control flow and congestion, construction of overlay - routing infrastructure, topology building in peer to peer networks, and call admission control, dynamic encoding rate modification in streaming applications, capacity planning, intelligent routing systems, and design of transport layer protocols. This paper investigates at applying a practical approach techniques for a measurement of Available Bandwidth (AB) in the congestion control for the transmission of an efficient telemedicine content transport network by using an important ABETs tool such as IGI and PTR. This paper discusses measurement and simulation results of wired and wireless networks for the unused capacity in the network. The results can assist an organization or country in estimating the network bandwidth requirements depending on the ability of exchange multimedia data of an organization or country. The logistics could cater implementation of low cost telemedicine applications. The telemedicine systems could include wireless and wired medical interface and communication infrastructure. A simulation has been done to investigate the network quality of servic

A Survey on Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) and Management in Vehicular Environment: The Case Study in Tanzania

A research article was submitted to International Journal of Research in Wireless Systems (IJRWS), Volume 2, Issue 3, October (2013)This paper describes the survey approach to building a high-quality of dynamic Spectrum access (DSA) and management in vehicular environment networks in Tanzania as one of the ways of mitigating the shortage of access. Frequency spectrum is a limited resource for wireless communications and may become congested owing to a need to accommodate the diverse types of air interface used in wireless networks. The objective of this paper is to meet these growing demands by provide a brief overview of the cognitive radio technology. The paper explains the existing work and challenges in spectrum sensing. It describes the next network functionalities: spectrum management, spectrum mobility and spectrum sharing and further explains how next network functions can be implemented

Mapping City Accessibility: Review and Analysis

The paper presents an analysis of prototypes, studies, and applications for the mapping of city accessibility, focusing mainly on sidewalks accessibility. Moreover, it presents the results of two focus groups that we organized both with electric and with manual wheelchairs to attain requirements and insights to design a user-friendly app for the collection and visualization of information about the accessibility of urban pedestrian pathways

The influence of HIV and schistosomiasis on renal function: a cross-sectional study among children at a hospital in Tanzania.

Schistosomiasis and HIV are both associated with kidney disease. Prevalence and factors associated with abnormal renal function among HIV-infected children in Africa compared to uninfected controls have not been well described in a schistosomiasis endemic area.This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Sekou Toure Regional Hospital HIV clinic in Mwanza, Tanzania. A total of 122 HIV-infected children and 122 HIV-uninfected siblings were consecutively enrolled. Fresh urine was obtained for measurement of albuminuria and Schistosoma circulating cathodic antigen. Blood was collected for measurement of serum creatinine. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using the modified Schwartz equation. Renal dysfunction was defined operationally as eGFR20 mg/L in a single sample. Among 122 HIV-infected children, 61/122 (50.0%) met our criteria for renal dysfunction: 54/122 (44.3%) had albuminuria>20 mg/L and 9/122 (7.4%) had eGFR20 mg/L and 6/122 (4.9%) had eGFR<60. Schistosomiasis was the only factor significantly associated with renal dysfunction by multivariable logistic regression (OR = 2.51, 95% CI 1.46-4.31, p = 0.001).A high prevalence of renal dysfunction exists among both HIV-infected Tanzanian children and their HIV-uninfected siblings. Schistosomiasis was strongly associated with renal dysfunction

Baseline characteristics of HIV-infected children and HIV-uninfected siblings.

<p>*Severe malnutrition has been defined as a BMI-for-age Z score ≤-3.</p><p>Baseline characteristics of HIV-infected children and HIV-uninfected siblings.</p