Effect of nilvadipine on memory impairment and hippocampal malondialdehyde in rats with 4-vessel occlusion ischemia

Purpose: Nilvadipine is a dihydropyridine-type calcium channel blocker with emanating neuroprotective properties in various models of neuronal diseases. This study aimed at investigating the prophylactic effect of nilvadipine on memory impairment and hippocampal malodialdehyde (MDA) levels in global brain ischemia model induced by 4-vessel occlusion ischemia (4-VO) in rat. Materials and methods: The 4-VO ischemia was induced in Wistar rats by occluding the vertebral arteries permanently by cauterization. The common carotid arteries were twice occluded bilaterally for 10 minute at 60 minute interval. One week after 4-VO the memory was evaluated measuring the correct and error choices in 8-armed radial maze. The ischemiareperfusion- induced damage was evaluated measuring level of MDA in the hippocampus using thiobarbituric acid method. The study involved three groups: sham, ischemia-control and ischemia nilvadipin. Nilvadipine (3.2 mg/kg/day) was administerd for 7 days prior to 4-VO Results: The 4-VO impaired memory performance by decreasing the correct choices (long termreference memory) and increasing the error choices (short term-working memory) (p<0,001). Nilvadipine improved the performance by increasing the correct choices (p<0.002) and decreasing the error choices (p<0.05). Nilvadipine decreased (p<0.001) the elevated MDA induced by 4-VO. Conclusion: The prophylactic treatment with nilvadipine improved memory impairment and reduced the elevated hippocampal MDA induced by 4-VO. The prophylactic use of nilvadipine could be beneficial for inhibiting the ischemia related memory impairment in risky patients

The genotoxic effects of food additive potassium bromate on human peripheral lymphocytes in vitro.

TEZ5520Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 2005.Kaynakça (s. 71-79) var.xii, 80 s. : res. ; 29 cm.The aim of this study was to investigate genotoxic effect of Potasium bromate which used as bleaching agent in flour, on human peripheral blood lymphocytes by determining sister chromatid exchange (SCE), chromosomal aberrations (CA) and micronucleus tests (MN) and determine whether the chemical has any genotoxic potential for humans. Cells were treated with 400, 450, 500, 550 µg/ml concentrations of potassium bromate for 24 and 48 hours. In this study, 24 hours treatments of Potassium bromate increased generally the SCE frequency but differences between the treatments and control were not statistically significant. However, Potassium bromate increased the SCE frequency statistically significant when compared with control at all used concentrations for 48 hours treatment periods. In addition, CA were also induced at all concentrations for 24 hours treatment periods. It was found that increasing the percentage of abnormal cells (AH%) was higher than that of positive control (MMC), however this difference was not statistically significant. During the 24 hours treatment periods, potassium bromate significantly increased the frequency of CA per cell when compared with control. This inducing was also dosedependently. The percentage of abnormal cells (AH%) was increased at all the concentrations for 48 hours treatment period. Additionally, Potassium bromate decreased both the replication index (RI) and mitotic index (MI), for 24 and 48 hours treatment periods. Micronucleus formation was induced by Potassium bromate at 24 hours treatment period in a dose-dependent manner without statistically significant. However, at 48 hours treatment period, the frequency of the micronucleated cells were statistically increased when compare with the control.Bu çalışmanın amacı, unda beyazlatıcı madde olarak kullanılan Potasyum bromat'ın insan periferal lenfositlerinde genotoksik etkiye sahip olup olmadığını kardeş kromatid değişimi (KKD=SCE), kromozom aberasyonu (KA) ve mikronukleus (MN) testleri ile araştırmak ve bu testler yardımı ile insanlar için herhangi bir genotoksik risk oluşturup oluşturmadığını saptamaktır. Hücreler 400, 450, 500, 550 µg/ml konsantrasyonlarda Potasyum bromat'la 24 ve 48 saat muamele edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, Potasyum bromat 24 saatlik muamele süresinde KKD'yi kontrole nazaran genel olarak artırmış fakat bu artışın istatistiksel olarak önemli olmadığı bulunmuştur. Halbuki 48 saatlik muamele süresinde ise KKD'yi tüm konsantrasyonlarda kontrole nazaran önemli derecede uyarmıştır. KA, kontrole göre tüm dozlarda ve 24 saatlik muamele süresinde uyarılmıştır. 24 saatlik muamele süresinde tüm dozlarda saptanan AH yüzdesinin pozitif kontroldekinden (MMC) yüksek olduğu, fakat aradaki farkın önemli olmadığı saptanmıştır. Potasyum bromat'la 24 saat muamele edilen kültürlerde hücre başına düşen anormallik sayısının (KA/hücre) kontrolden istatistiksel olarak önemli derecede yüksek olduğu ve bu artışın da doza bağlı olduğu bulunmuştur. Potasyum bromat'la 48 saat muamele edilen kültürlerde AH oranının tüm muamele sürelerinde kontrole nazaran önemli derecede yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır. Bu muamele süresinde hücre başına düşen anormallik sayısının kontrolden önemli derecede yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. 48 saatlik muamele süresinde hücre başına düşen anormallik sayısının doza bağlı artış gösterdiği saptanmıştır. Bunun yanında, Potasyum bromat'ın 24 ve 48 saatlik muamelelerde hem replikasyon indeksini (RI) hem de mitotik indeksi (MI) olumsuz yönde etkilediği saptanmıştır. Potasyum bromat 24 saatlik muamelede mikronukleus oluşumunu doza bağlı olarak uyarmıştır. 48 saatlik muameleli kültürlerde ise mikronukleuslu hücre oranının kontrole nazaran daha yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur.Bu çalışma Ç.Ü. Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi tarafından desteklenmiştir. Proje No: FEF2003YL29

Multagenicity of five food additives in Ames/Salmonella/microsome test

WOS: 000238797900008The mutagenic activity of five food additives (K2S2O5 : potassium metabisulphite, KMB; K2SO4: potassium sulphate, KS; Na2SO3: sodium sulphite, SS; KNO3: potassium nitrate, KN; NaNO3: sodium nitrate, SN) were investigated using histidin auxotrophs TA98 and TA100 strains of Salmonella typhimurium in the presence or absence of S9 mix. The test substances were investigated for their mutagenic effects at non toxic concentrations of 0.83, 1.66, 3.33 and 5.00 mg/plate with and without S9 mix. All the test substances were not mutagenic on TA98 and TA100 strains of Salmonella typhimurium in the presence or absence of S9 mix except KS and SN. KS and SN showed a weak mutagenic effect on TA100 strain in the absence of S9 mix

Type 2 diabetes is associated with the MTNR1B gene, a genetic bridge between circadian rhythm and glucose metabolism, in a Turkish population

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complicated public health problem in Turkey as well as worldwide. Genome-wide approaches have been guiding in very challenging situations, such as the elucidation of genetic variations underlying complex diseases such as T2D. Despite intensive studies worldwide, few studies have determined the genetic susceptibility to T2D in Turkish populations. In this study, we investigated the effect of genes that are strongly associated with T2D in genome-wide association (GWA) studies, including MTNR1B, CDKAL1, THADA, ADAMTS9 and ENPP1, on T2D and its characteristic traits in a Turkish population. In 824 nonobese individuals (454 T2D patients and 370 healthy individuals), prominent variants of these GWA genes were genotyped by real-time PCR using the LightSNiP Genotyping Assay System. The SNP rs1387153 C/T, which is located 28 kb upstream of the MTNR1B gene, was significantly associated with T2D and fasting blood glucose levels (P < 0.05). The intronic SNP rs10830963 C/G in the MTNR1B gene was not associated with T2D, but it was associated with fasting blood glucose, HbA1C and LDL levels (P < 0.05). The other important GWA loci investigated in our study were not found to be associated with T2D or its traits. Only the SNP rs1044498 (A/C variation) in the ENPP1 gene was determined to be related to fasting blood glucose (P < 0.05). Our study suggests, consistent with the literature, that the MTNR1B locus, which has a prominent role in glucose regulation, is associated with T2D development by affecting blood glucose levels in our population

Type 2 diabetes is associated with the MTNR1B gene, a genetic bridge between circadian rhythm and glucose metabolism, in a Turkish population

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complicated public health problem in Turkey as well as worldwide. Genome-wide approaches have been guiding in very challenging situations, such as the elucidation of genetic variations underlying complex diseases such as T2D. Despite intensive studies worldwide, few studies have determined the genetic susceptibility to T2D in Turkish populations. In this study, we investigated the effect of genes that are strongly associated with T2D in genome-wide association (GWA) studies, including MTNR1B, CDKAL1, THADA, ADAMTS9 and ENPP1, on T2D and its characteristic traits in a Turkish population. In 824 nonobese individuals (454 T2D patients and 370 healthy individuals), prominent variants of these GWA genes were genotyped by real-time PCR using the LightSNiP Genotyping Assay System. The SNP rs1387153 C/T, which is located 28 kb upstream of the MTNR1B gene, was significantly associated with T2D and fasting blood glucose levels (P < 0.05). The intronic SNP rs10830963 C/G in the MTNR1B gene was not associated with T2D, but it was associated with fasting blood glucose, HbA1C and LDL levels (P < 0.05). The other important GWA loci investigated in our study were not found to be associated with T2D or its traits. Only the SNP rs1044498 (A/C variation) in the ENPP1 gene was determined to be related to fasting blood glucose (P < 0.05). Our study suggests, consistent with the literature, that the MTNR1B locus, which has a prominent role in glucose regulation, is associated with T2D development by affecting blood glucose levels in our population.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey [213S035]This study was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (213S035)

Antibiotic consumption in Turkish hospitals; a multi-centre point prevalence study

This multi-centre study aimed to determine the antibiotic consumption in Turkish hospitals by point prevalence. Antibiotic consumption of 14 centres was determined using the DDD method. Among hospitalized patients, 44.8% were using antibiotics and the total antibiotic consumption was 674.5 DDD/1000 patient-days (DPD). 189.6 (28%) DPD of the antibiotic consumption was restricted while 484.9 (72%) DPD was unrestricted. Carbapenems (24%) and beta lactam/beta lactamase inhibitors (ampicillin-sulbactam or amoxicillin-clavulanate; 22%) were the most commonly used restricted and unrestricted antibiotics. Antibiotics were most commonly used in intensive care units (1307.7 DPD). Almost half of the hospitalized patients in our hospitals were using at least one antibiotic. Moreover, among these antibiotics, the most commonly used ones were carbapenems, quinolones and cephalosporins, which are known to cause collateral damage. We think that antibiotic resistance, which is seen at considerably high rates in our hospitals, is associated with this level of consumption

Etiological agents of community-acquired pneumonia in adult patients in Turkey; a multicentric, cross-sectional study

This cross-sectional study was intended to investigate the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in adult patients receiving no prior antibiotic therapy. Etiological agents were identified in 137 (62.8%) of 218 patients, the most frequent being Streptococcus pneumoniae (14.7%), Mycoplasma pneumoniae (13.8%) and respiratory syncytial virus (10.1%). A single pathogen was detected in 50.9% of cases and mixed pathogens in 11.9%. Typical pathogens were determined in 35.8% of cases, atypical pathogens in 20.2% and viral pathogens in 20.6%. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was a common (42.7%) comorbidity. S. pneumoniae was the most common pathogen in adult patients with CAP. Atypical pathogens were more common in patients < 65 years old, M. pneumoniae being the most common in this age group. Our results suggest that initial empiric antibiotic treatment in patients with CAP should cover S. pneumoniae and M. pneumoniae in Turkey

Etiological agents of community-acquired pneumonia in adult patients in Turkey; a multicentric, cross-sectional study

This cross-sectional study was intended to investigate the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in adult patients receiving no prior antibiotic therapy. Etiological agents were identified in 137 (62.8%) of 218 patients, the most frequent being Streptococcus pneumoniae (14.7%), Mycoplasma pneumoniae (13.8%) and respiratory syncytial virus (10.1%). A single pathogen was detected in 50.9% of cases and mixed pathogens in 11.9%. Typical pathogens were determined in 35.8% of cases, atypical pathogens in 20.2% and viral pathogens in 20.6%. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was a common (42.7%) comorbidity. S. pneumoniae was the most common pathogen in adult patients with CAP. Atypical pathogens were more common in patients < 65 years old, M. pneumoniae being the most common in this age group. Our results suggest that initial empiric antibiotic treatment in patients with CAP should cover S. pneumoniae and M. pneumoniae in Turkey