Meconium stained liquor and fetal outcome: a hospital based follow up study

Background: Meconium staining of the amniotic fluid is a common problem occurring in 10-22% of all deliveries. Meconium aspiration syndrome complicates approximately 1.5% of these deliveries with a reported mortality rate as high as 40%. Objectives of the study were to determine whether meconium stained liquor during labour is associated with fetal distress and to check if there is any correlation in between the degree of meconium staining liquor and fetal outcome.Methods: A clinical study of 200 cases of meconium stained amniotic fluid in cephalic presentation was undertaken among patients who were admitted in labour room were examined in detail and investigations were done. Fetal heart rate and its pattern were noted every fifteen min. Total APGAR score at one minute and five minute was noted down. Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was calculated. Proportions were analyzed using chi square value.Results: Majority of the study subjects belonged to the age group of 21-30 years. Majority i.e. 54.5% were multigravida. Majority had toxemia in 24% of the cases. Fetal distress and the incidence of forceps delivery or LSCS was significantly more in those with thick meconium compared to those with thin meconium (p<0.05). But fetal asphyxia was not associated with type of stained meconium. It is seen that as the duration of the meconium staining increased, the proportion of babies with low APGAR score, perinatal mortality and morbidity increased.Conclusions: Thick meconium stained amniotic fluid was associated with increased rate of interventions, neonatal morbidity and mortality compared to thin meconium stained meconium fluid

Determinants of anemia among pregnant women: A hospital based cross sectional study

Background: The objective was to study the determinants of anemia among pregnant women. There is a negative effect on the health of the mother and as well as that of the child due to anemia in women with pregnancy. Death rate is more in women who are pregnant and having anemia. The objective of this study was to study the determinants of anemia among pregnant women.Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study was carried out among 40 pregnant women over a period of six months. Demographic data like age, residence, occupation etc was recorded. Obstetric data like gravida, parity, previous LSCS was also recorded. The data was presented as means and student’s t test was applied.Results: The mean age was 23.43±3.4 years. Majority were young between the ages of 19-22 years. Majority belonged to urban residents i.e. 57.5%. 20% of the subjects were found to be illiterate. Majority of the mothers were housewives i.e. 82.5%. Majority were multi-gravida i.e. 60%. Majority had no history of abortions in the past i.e. 75%. Out of total 19 repeat pregnancies, majority i.e. 84.2% had lower segment cesarean section. Majority reported that they had normal menstrual history. The mean hemoglobin level was found out to be 7.94 gm/dl. It was found that the mean hemoglobin level did not differ significantly across age, residence, education, occupation, gravidity, history of abortions, type of delivery but differed significantly by abnormal menstrual cycle.Conclusions: Mean hemoglobin level was more in women with normal menstrual history compared to those women with abnormal menstrual history and this difference was found out to be statistically significant. Hence abnormal menses should be promptly treated, hemoglobin assessed

Popular matchings with two-sided preferences and one-sided ties

We are given a bipartite graph $G = (A \cup B, E)$ where each vertex has a preference list ranking its neighbors: in particular, every $a \in A$ ranks its neighbors in a strict order of preference, whereas the preference lists of $b \in B$ may contain ties. A matching $M$ is popular if there is no matching $M'$ such that the number of vertices that prefer $M'$ to $M$ exceeds the number of vertices that prefer $M$ to~$M'$. We show that the problem of deciding whether $G$ admits a popular matching or not is NP-hard. This is the case even when every $b \in B$ either has a strict preference list or puts all its neighbors into a single tie. In contrast, we show that the problem becomes polynomially solvable in the case when each $b \in B$ puts all its neighbors into a single tie. That is, all neighbors of $b$ are tied in $b$'s list and $b$ desires to be matched to any of them. Our main result is an $O(n^2)$ algorithm (where $n = |A \cup B|$) for the popular matching problem in this model. Note that this model is quite different from the model where vertices in $B$ have no preferences and do not care whether they are matched or not.Comment: A shortened version of this paper has appeared at ICALP 201

Rank Maximal Matchings -- Structure and Algorithms

Let G = (A U P, E) be a bipartite graph where A denotes a set of agents, P denotes a set of posts and ranks on the edges denote preferences of the agents over posts. A matching M in G is rank-maximal if it matches the maximum number of applicants to their top-rank post, subject to this, the maximum number of applicants to their second rank post and so on. In this paper, we develop a switching graph characterization of rank-maximal matchings, which is a useful tool that encodes all rank-maximal matchings in an instance. The characterization leads to simple and efficient algorithms for several interesting problems. In particular, we give an efficient algorithm to compute the set of rank-maximal pairs in an instance. We show that the problem of counting the number of rank-maximal matchings is #P-Complete and also give an FPRAS for the problem. Finally, we consider the problem of deciding whether a rank-maximal matching is popular among all the rank-maximal matchings in a given instance, and give an efficient algorithm for the problem

Assessment of chilli varieties in Salem district for higher productivity

Chilli is an important spice which is grown throughout India. Chillies are integral and the most important ingredient in many different cuisines around the world as it adds pungency, taste, flavour and color to the dishes. Chilli is grown in Kolathur block of Salem district in an area of nearly 879 ha. The farmers are mainly growing the local varieties and private hybrids in kolathur block. During the farmers and scientist conference conducted at KVK, Sandhiyur (2013), the growers opted for new varieties (high yield, lengthy fruit, good pungency, and colour retention during storage). An onfarm trial was conducted in pannavadi village of kolathur block. In this study three varieties (Lalima, LCA 625 and Kovilpatti 2) were assessed for yield, pest disease tolerance and quality parameters. LCA 625 gave an average yield of 6.2-6.8 t / ha, fruit length of 9-11 cm, good pungency and good colour retention during storage compared to other two varieties. The colour of dry chilli during storage was orange compared to Lalima with bright attractive red colour. Hence in the market Lalima fetched more price than the other two varieties. Hence, it is suggested for the Researchers that LCA 625 may be refined for marketable colour

Periodic perturbation method for controlling chaos for a positive output DC-DC luo converter

Abstract: A simple, non-feedback method of controlling chaos is implemented for a DC-DC converter. The weak periodic perturbation (WPP) is the control technique applied to stabilize an unstable orbit in a current-mode controlled Positive Output Luo (POL) DC-DC converter operating in a chaotic regime. With WPP, the operation of the converter is limited to stable period-1 orbit that exists in the original chaotic attractor. The proposed control strategy is implemented using simulations and the results are verified with hardware setup. The experimental results of the converter with WPP control are presented which shows the effectiveness of the control strategy

Copepod Abundance and Diversity from Offshore Region of Tuticorin, South East Coast of India

A detailed study had been carried out on species abundance, biomass and composition of copepod in four different offshore stations namely, Station I: Vembar, II: Keelavaipar, III: Punnaikayal and IV: Thiruchendhur in Gulf of Mannar region from October 2011 to April 2012. A total of 56 copepod species belongs to 20 families under 4 orders have been encountered during the period. The percentage composition of different groups of copepod species was composed of Calanoida (35 numbers) 62.5%, Cyclopoida (4 numbers) 7.14%, Harpacticoida (8 numbers) 14.3% and Poecilostomatoida (9 numbers) 16.1%. The percentage of biomass composition of different groups of copepods during the study was in the order of Calanoida 38.99%, Harpacticoida 32.56%, Cyclopoida 15.22% and Poecilostomatoida 13.23%. In the case of species composition, Euterpina acutifrons (28.61%) was the most abundant species followed by Acrocalanus gracilis (17.68%), Corycaeus crassiusculus (12.33%), Oithona brevicornis (12.03%) and Temora turbinata (4.25%) were the other dominant species in observation. The copepod density in different stations were in the range of 8600–39900, 3900–64600, 3800–24800 and 5000–22500 numbers m-3 at station I, II, II and IV respectively. The lowest biomass of copepod was observed at station III and highest biomass was found at station II. The copepod species richness ranged from 0.48 to 2.72 and species diversity was in the range of 0.87 to 1.98 in the study areas. Species evenness was varied from 0.24 – 0.51 during the observation period

Effective Disaster Management by Efficient Usage of Resources

Disaster Management can be merely defined as the organization and management of resources and responsibilities for dealing with all humanitarian aspects of crises, in specific preparedness, rejoinder and recapture in order to diminish the influence of disasters. But the affects of the disaster increases only when the information about the disaster is unknown and when the resources for the disaster management is not correctly used. Now there are several methods for forecast the disaster, But there are no any effective methods for handling the resources needed for both managing the disaster and also for rehabilitation purpose. Thus this paper proposes an application used for managing the disaster and handling the rehabilitation process. This application which deals with almost all the resources those are required for the management of disaster. This proposed application which is based on java programming language. This project also has a great scope of enhancement in future

Implementation of MHMIP and Comparing the Performance With MIP and DHMIP in Mobile Networks

Managing the mobility efficiently in wireless networks causes critical issue, in order to support mobile users. To support global mobility in IP networks The Mobile Internet Protocol (MIP) has been proposed. The Hierarchical MIP (HMIP) and Dynamic HMIP (DHMIP) strategies are also proposed for providing high signaling delay. Our proposal approach “Multicast HMIP strategy” limits the registration processes in the GFAs. For high-mobility MTs, MHMIP provides lowest mobility signaling delay compared to the HMIP and DHMIP approaches. However, it is resource consuming strategy unless for frequent MT mobility. Hence, we propose an analytic model to evaluate the mean signaling delay and the mean bandwidth per call according to the type of MT mobility. In our analysis, the MHMIP gives the best performance among the DHMIP and MIP strategies in almost all the studied cases. The main contribution of this paper is to implement the MHMIP and provide the analytic model that allows the comparison of MIP, DHMIP and MHMIP mobility management approaches

Eye of horus – Erratum revealed a prescription survey

Background: The aim of this study was to survey the quality and the content of prescription of practitioners and also assess the legibility of alphabet, and short form of the drug.Methods: A survey of all prescription received by the patients that were written by general practitioners, consulting physicians and dentists in and around Virajpet and Madikeri (south Coorg) was included.The prescriptions were photocopied and returned back to the patients. The prescription was scored and analyzed by a qualified medical investigator.Results: A total of 171 prescription samples were collected. In most prescriptions, one or more aspects of patient’s personal details were missing. Concerned doctor’s details also lacked in most cases. 40.3% of the prescriptions were obtained wherein short form of the drug was used for prescribing drug. Legibility of alphabet was also evaluated and the most confusing letter noted in our study was letter “C”; followed by A, T, S, O, G, and D in this study the letter Rx was written in 7% of the prescription and in 19% prescription it was replaced by word “Adv” and 74% of prescription without symbol of Rx.Conclusions: The present data shows most prescriptions in the study was inadequate and important details were lacking, legibility of prescription was poor in rating