A Review on Current Status of Blood Disorder: Thalassemia and its Treatment

The most prevalent hereditary monogenic disorders that claim millions of lives globally are thalassemic syndromes. A thalassemia is an inherited condition, at least one parent must carry the disease's gene. Perhaps a genetic mutation/ defective globin chain or the loss of specific important gene segments is the main cause. Thalassemic illnesses started to strain the healthcare systems of several nations worldwide. Management of thalassemia is now seen as a lifelong treatment that requires continuous monitoring. In this review, we seek to compile and analyze recent research on thalassemia diagnosis and treatment, including papers, studies, and clinical trials. We also intend to present a concise yet comprehensive study. A thalassemia is an inherited condition, at least one parent must carry the disease's gene. Perhaps a genetic mutation/ defective globin chain or the loss of specific important gene segments is the main cause

Obstructive jaundice: Its etiological spectrum and radiological evaluation by magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography

Background: Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) has reached a level of resolution and reliability where it may replace diagnostic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. We studied the role of MRCP in adult patients with obstructive biliopathy to analyze its etiological spectrum and radiological findings. Materials and Methods: Total fifty patients referred for mrcp with a clinical diagnosis of obstructive jaundice were included in our study. Imaging findings were correlated with the final diagnosis made by histopathological or cytological findings and with the therapeutic outcome. Aim: To evaluate the role of MRCP in the determination of the etiological spectrum, to evaluate level and degree of biliary obstruction in cases of obstructive jaundice and to correlate findings on mrcp with surgical findings where possible. Results: Of fifty patients, 29 were benign lesions and 21 were malignant lesions. Among the benign lesions, 12 had choledocholithiasis and 16 had benign strictures. One case was of a choledochal cyst. Among the malignant lesions, 12 were gallbladder carcinoma, six were cholangiocarcinoma, two were periampullary carcinoma, and one was a case of metastatic deposit. The overall sensitivity of MRCP was 96.5%, specificity was 95.2%, and with an accuracy of 96% for benign lesions. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of MRCP in the diagnosis of benign strictures was 92%, 93.7%, and 91.2%, for choledocholithiasis was 92%, 75%, and 97.3%, and for malignant lesions was 95.2, 96.5%, and 96%, respectively. Conclusion: MRCP is a relatively quick, accurate, and noninvasive imaging modality for the assessment of obstructive jaundice, in ruling out potentially correctable underlying cause

Preparation and Evaluation of Ketoprofen-loaded Sodium Alginate Beads

Ionotropic gelation was used to entrap Ketoprofen in sodium alginate beads. Ketoprofen is NSAIDs category drug; it has a short half life (1.5-2 h) and side effects such as irritation and ulceration in GIT. Beads were characterized for possible sustained drug release .On the basis of differential scanning colorimetry and IR spectroscopy, XRD alginate were found to be compatible with Ketoprofen. SEM showed that the beads were spherical and small. Ketoprofen encapsulation efficiencies were high (>90%), also results showed that, release profile in 0.1M HCl (pH 1) was slow. In phosphate buffer complete drug release was shown for all formulations within 6 h. The mechanism of release depended on swelling of beads. The swelling behavior dependent on pH of the medium; such a pH sensitive swelling could be auspicious for orally administered drug vehicles especially for acid sensitive drugs