Postharvest Management and Value Addition of Ginger (Zingiber Officinale Roscoe): A Review

Ginger is an important spice crop and India is one of the leading producer and exporter of ginger in the world. Ginger is widely used around the world in food as a spice both in fresh and dried form which adds flavour to the meal by creating spicy pungent taste. The chemical components of the ginger rhizome vary considerably depending on the location of cultivation and postharvest treatments. Ginger contains polyphenol compounds such as gingerol and its derivatives like zingiberone, bisabolene, camphene, geranial, linalool, borneol and oleoresin (combination of volatile oils and resin) that accounts for its characteristic aroma and therapeutic properties. Fresh ginger are perishable in nature and are spoiled due to improper handling, growth of spoilage microorganisms, susceptibility to rhizome rot, wilting and sprouting, action of naturally occurring enzymes, chemical reactions and structural changes during storage. Keeping in mind the low shelf-life of fresh ginger and inadequate facility for their modern storage leading to distress sale, value addition could be a viable alternative which will fetch remunerative price to the growers. The present scenario, nutritional importance, postharvest management, value added products of ginger have been discussed in detail in the review

Effect of salinity on survival and <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">growth performance of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">in vitro </i>grown rough lemon (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Citrus jambhiri </i>Lush.) seeds </span>

284-286The effect of salinity on in vitro survivality and growth of rough lemon (Citrus jambhiri) seeds were studied. The seeds were subjected to different concentrations of salt (0.1-0.9% NaCl in MS medium) and compared with control. In all salt treatments, leaves of rough lemon seedlings showed severe injury symptoms of chlorosis and necrosis. With the increase in salt concentration, a significant decrease was observed in seed germination, seedling height, internodal length and subsequently plant weight. However, the length of primary roots increased proportionally with the increase in salt concentration. In comparison to the control, salt treatments showed increased level of Na+ and Cl- ions in the seedlings and decrease of K+/Na+ ratio

Geopolymerization of Plastic Waste for Sustainable Construction: Unveiling Novel Opportunities in Building Materials

This study provides an in-depth bibliometric analysis of the research land-scape of Geopolymer concrete using data from two of the leading scientific databases, Scopus and Web of Science. The analysis covers a time span of 2010 to 2022 and provides a comprehensive evaluation of the growth, age, impact, and collaboration of research in the field. The results show that the annual growth rate of research in Geopolymer concrete is substantial, with a 43.92% increase in the number of documents in Scopus and 15.76% in Web of Science. Furthermore, the document average age is relatively low, with 1.59 years in Scopus and 3.11 years in Web of Science, suggesting that the research in this field is recent and dynamic. The study also found that the research in Geopolymer concrete is highly cited, with an average of 11.69 ci-tations per document in Scopus and 18.69 in Web of Science.The authorship and document type analysis provides valuable insights into the research col-laboration and output in the field. The results show a high level of collabora-tion, with an average of 4.29 co-authors per document in Scopus and 3.47 in Web of Science. Additionally, the majority of the documents in the field are articles, with a smaller number of conference papers, book chapters, and re-views. In conclusion, this study provides a comprehensive overview of the research landscape of Geopolymer concrete and highlights the areas of strength and potential for future research. The results of the analysis can be useful for researchers, policymakers, and stakeholders in the field of Geopol-ymer concrete to understand the current state of the research, identify poten-tial gaps and opportunities, and plan future research activities.Page layou

Mapping Differential Protein-Protein Interaction Networks using Affinity Purification Mass Spectrometry.

Proteins congregate into complexes to perform fundamental cellular functions. Phenotypic outcomes, in health and disease, are often mechanistically driven by the remodeling of protein complexes by protein-coding mutations or cellular signaling changes in response to molecular cues. Here, we present an affinity purification-mass spectrometry (APMS) proteomics protocol to quantify and visualize global changes in protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks between pairwise conditions. We describe steps for expressing affinity-tagged "bait" proteins in mammalian cells, identifying purified protein complexes, quantifying differential PPIs, and visualizing differential PPI networks. Specifically, this protocol details steps for designing affinity-tagged "bait" gene constructs, transfection, affinity purification, mass spectrometry sample preparation, data acquisition, database search, data quality control, PPI confidence scoring, cross-run normalization, statistical data analysis, and differential PPI visualization. Our protocol discusses caveats and limitations with applicability across cell types and biological areas. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Bouhaddou et al. 20231

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P &lt; 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)