12,216 research outputs found
GUM KARAYA-G-POLY (ACRYLAMIDE): MICROWAVE ASSISTED SYNTHESIS, OPTIMISATION AND CHARACTERISATION
Objective: The objective of the present research is to formulate acrylamide grafted Karaya gum by using microwave-assisted grafting method and optimisation is performed by using Box behnken design.
Methods: The extracted mucilage of gum Karaya was modified into grafted gum Karaya by using a microwave-assisted method. Acrylamide was used as monomer and ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) is used as redox initiator. The experimental design for optimisation include three independent variables gum concentration (X1), ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) amount (X2) and irradiation time (X3) while the dependent variables were % yield (Y1), % grafting (Y2) and % grafting efficiency (Y3). The optimised formulation was characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis.
Results: After optimisation the formulation with acrylamide amount 5 g, ceric ammonium nitrate amount 200 mg and irradiation time of 2 min was selected as optimized formulation. The optimised formulation has percentage grafting of 853.5%, with grafting efficiency of 77.59%.
Conclusion: The application of box behnken design for optimisation was performed successfully in microwave assisted grafting of acrylamide on karaya gum
Attraction Between Like-Charged Walls: Short-Ranged Simulations Using Local Molecular Field Theory
Effective attraction between like-charged walls mediated by counterions is
studied using local molecular field (LMF) theory. Monte Carlo simulations of
the "mimic system'' given by LMF theory, with short-ranged "Coulomb core"
interactions in an effective single particle potential incorporating a
mean-field average of the long-ranged Coulomb interactions, provide a direct
test of the theory, and are in excellent agreement with more complex
simulations of the full Coulomb system by Moreira and Netz [Eur. Phys. J. E 8,
33 (2002)]. A simple, generally-applicable criterion to determine the
consistency parameter sigma_{min} needed for accurate use of the LMF theory is
presented
High-redshift blazars through nustar eyes
The most powerful sources among the blazar family are MeV blazars. Often
detected at , they usually display high X- and \gm-ray luminosities,
larger-than-average jet powers and black hole masses .
In the present work we perform a multiwavelength study of three high redshift
blazars: 3FGL J0325.5+2223 (), 3FGL J0449.0+1121 (), and 3FGL
J0453.22808 (), analysing quasi simultaneous data from GROND,
\swift-UVOT and XRT, \nustar, and \fermi-LAT. Our main focus is on the hard
X-ray band recently unveiled by \nustar~(379 keV) where these objects show a
hard spectrum which enables us to constrain the inverse Compton peak and the
jet power. We found that all three targets resemble the most powerful blazars,
with the synchrotron peak located in the sub-millimeter range and the inverse
Compton peak in the MeV range, and therefore belong to the MeV blazar class.
Using a simple one zone leptonic emission model to reproduce the spectral
energy distributions, we conclude that a simple combination of synchrotron and
accretion disk emission reproduces the infrared-optical spectra while the X-ray
to \gm-ray part is well reproduced by the inverse Compton scattering of low
energy photons supplied by the broad line region. The black hole masses for
each of the three sources are calculated to be . The three studied sources have jet power at the level of, or
beyond, the accretion luminosity.Comment: 4 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in Ap
Interplay of fission modes in mass distribution of light actinide nuclei 225,227Pa
Fission-fragment mass distributions were measured for 225,227Pa nuclei formed
in fusion reactions of 19F + 206, 208Pb around fusion barrier energies.
Mass-angle correlations do not indicate any quasi-fission like events in this
bombarding energy range. Mass distributions were fitted by Gaussian
distribution and mass variance extracted. At below-barrier energies, the mass
variance was found to increase with decrease in energy for both nuclei. Results
from present work were compared with existing data for induced fission of 224,
226Th and 228U around barrier energies. Enhancement in mass variance of 225,
227Pa nuclei at below-barrier energies shows evidence for presence of
asymmetric fission events mixed with symmetric fission events. This is in
agreement with the results of mass distributions of nearby nuclei 224, 226Th
and 228U where two-mode fission process was observed. Two-mode feature of
fission arises due to the shell effects changing the landscape of the potential
energy surfaces at low excitation energies. The excitation-energy dependence of
the mass variance gives strong evidence for survival of microscopic shell
effects in fission of light actinide nuclei 225, 227Pa with initial excitation
energy ~30 - 50 MeV
Construction of the free energy landscape by the density functional theory
On the basis of the density functional theory, we give a clear definition of
the free energy landscape. To show the usefulness of the definition, we
construct the free energy landscape for rearrangement of atoms in an FCC
crystal of hard spheres. In this description, the cooperatively rearranging
region (CRR) is clealy related to the hard spheres involved in the saddle
between two adjacent basins. A new concept of the simultaneously rearranging
region (SRR) emerges naturally as spheres defined by the difference between two
adjacent basins. We show that the SRR and the CRR can be determined explicitly
from the free energylandscape.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures, submitted to J. Chem. Phy
Cabibbo-allowed nonleptonic weak decays of charmed baryons
Cabibbo-allowed nonleptonic weak decays of charmed baryons
\lamc,~\xin,~\xip and into an octet baryon and a pseudoscalar
meson are analyzed. The nonfactorizable contributions are evaluated under pole
approximation, and it turns out that the -wave amplitudes are dominated by
the low-lying \halfm resonances, while -wave ones governed by the
ground-state \halfp poles. The MIT bag model is employed to calculate the
coupling constants, form factors and baryon matrix elements. Our conclusions
are: (i) waves are no longer dominated by commutator terms; the
current-algebra method is certainly not applicable to parity-violating
amplitudes, (ii) nonfactorizable exchange effects are generally important;
they can be comparable to and somtimes even dominate over factorizable
contributions, depending on the decay modes under consideration, (iii)
large- approximation for factorizable amplitudes also works in the heavy
baryon sector and it accounts for the color nonsuppression of \lamc\ri
p\bar{K}^0 relative to \lamc\ri\Lambda\pi^+, (iv) a measurement of the decay
rate and the sign of the asymmetry parameter of certain proposed decay
modes will help discern various models; especially the sign of in
\lamc\ri\Sigma\pi decays can be used to unambiguously differentiate recent
theoretical schemes from current algebra, and (v) waves are the dominant
contributions to the decays \lamc\ri\Xi^0 K^+ and \xin\ri\Sigma^+ K^-, but
they are subject to a large cancellation; this renders present theoretical
predictions on these two channels unreliable.Comment: PHYZZX, 31 pages, 3 tables, IP-ASTP-10-93, ITP-SB-93-2
Caste and identity processes among British Sikhs in the Midlands
This article examines the role of caste in the lives and identities of a small sample of young Sikhs in the English Midlands, using social psychological theory. In many academic writings, there is an implicit representation of caste as a negative aspect of South Asian culture and religion, and of caste identification as a means of oppressing vulnerable outgroups. Twenty-three young Sikhs were interviewed, and the qualitative data were analysed using Identity Process Theory. The following themes are discussed: (i) Caste as a Dormant Social Category, (ii) Anchoring the Caste Ingroup to Positive Social Representations, and (iii) Caste as an Inherent or Constructed Aspect of Identity? It is argued that neither caste nor caste-based prejudice appear to be prominent in the lives and identities of our interviewees but that, because caste is an important symbolic aspect of identity which can acquire salient in particular contexts, some Sikhs may wish to maintain this identity though endogamy. What is understood as caste-based prejudice can be better understood in terms of the downward comparison principle in social psychology. The implications for caste legislation are discussed
Participant recruitment to FiCTION, a primary dental care trial – survey of facilitators and barriers
Objective To identify reasons behind a lower than expected participant recruitment rate within the FiCTION trial, a multi-centre paediatric primary dental care randomised controlled trial (RCT).
Subjects (materials) and methods An online survey, based on a previously published tool, consisting of both quantitative and qualitative responses, completed by staff in dental practices recruiting to FiCTION. Ratings from quantitative responses were aggregated to give overall scores for factors related to participant recruitment. Qualitative responses were independently grouped into themes.
Results Thirty-nine anonymous responses were received. Main facilitators related to the support received from the central research team and importance of the research question. The main barriers related to low child eligibility rates and the integration of trial processes within routine workloads.
Conclusions These findings have directed strategies for enhancing participant recruitment at existing practices and informed recruitment of further practices. The results help provide a profile of the features required of practices to successfully screen and recruit participants. Future trials in this setting should consider the level of interest in the research question within practices, and ensure trial processes are as streamlined as possible. Research teams should actively support practices with participant recruitment and maintain enthusiasm among the entire practice team
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