Bystander barriers in sexual harassment - Associations with the Dark Triad and social anxiety

Bystanders play a potentially important role in sexual harassment, but they often fail to intervene. Previous research has linked bystander failure to a host of situational and individual factors. In this brief study, we investigated the Dark Triad (i.e., Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy) and social anxiety (i.e., fear of negative social evaluation) in relation to five bystander barriers. In an online study, 294 participants (mostly from United Kingdom) completed questionnaires on the Dark Triad, Fear of Negative Social Evaluation, and five Bystander Barriers. In regression analyses (controlling for age and gender), psychopathy and fear of negative evaluation were significant positive predictors for failure to notice harassment. For failure to take intervention responsibility, gender (i.e., being male) and Machiavellianism were significant positive predictors. For skills and audience inhibition, Machiavellianism and fear of negative evaluation were significant positive, and psychopathy a significant negative predictor. Our results suggest that personality and social anxiety independently predict different difficulties in bystander intervention

Corruption fights back:Localizing transparency and EITI in the Nigerian “penkelemes”

The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version. The Publisher's final version can be found by following the DOI link.This study explores how the global transparency norm is localized in the Nigerian extractive industry. Transparency is theorised as a process which can be analysed in terms of rules, interactions, power games and context. Nigeria is conceptualized as a ‘penkelemes’ – a concept which denotes how traditions, norms and practices are intertwined with a system of corruption, kinship and patronage networks. Three main insights emerge. First, the complex motives and ability of local actors to balance demands for transparency from the international community with participation in the corrupt local political system determines which international norms they adopt. Second, the struggle for power over the transparency process determines the local understanding of transparency. Third, the link between transparency and corruption is paradoxical. Corruption conditions the enactment of transparency but even this corrupted transparency is useful in fighting corruption. Thus, transparency becomes part of the problem as well as part of the solution