肺における散布性粒状病変の分布パターン : 気道散布性病変と血行散布性病変のX線病理学的研究

The distribution pattern of disseminated small lung nodules was radiologically stud- ied with special reference to the relationship between lesions and the bronchial branching system using inflated and fixed lungs of 6 cases Obtained from autopsy. The bronchogenous spread lesions, which were seen in endobronchial tuberculosis and bronchopneumonia, were located in the centriacinar portion of the secondary lobule. Their distribution patterns were regular and corresponded to the bronchial branching pattern. On the other hand, the hematogenous spread lesions, which were seen in miliary tuberculosis and pulmonary metastasis of carcinoma, had no relation to airway structures. They were randomly distributed regardless of bronchial branching. Recognition of these different distribution patterns is important for evaluating diffuse lung diseases by computed tomography

北海道とフィンランドのサルコイドーシス : 比較研究の結果

Two comparative Finnish-Japanese sarcoidosis studies were carried out. One study compared the frequencies of sarcoidosis in 1984 in Hokkaido and Finland. We found a significantly and approximately four times higher prevalence and incidence of sarcoidosis in Finland than in Hok kaido ; prevalence 28.2/100,000 in Finland and 7.2/100,000 in Hokkaido ; incidence ll.4/100,000 in Fin land and 2.8/100,000 in Hokkaido, The other study compared the clinical picture and prognosis of sarcoidosis in two large hospital series ; 686 patients in Sapporo and 571 patients in Mjolbolsta, Fin land. The sex ratio was the same with a slight female predominance in both hospitals. The Japanese patients were younger at the time of diagnosis (mean age 30 years in Sapporo compared with 42 years in Mjolbolsta), although 50% of the patients in both series had been detected via rou tine health screening procedures. Among the symptomatic patients the mode of presentation of the disease varied considerably with eye symptoms as the dominating in Sapporo, but with respiratory symptoms and Lofgren\u27s syndrome in Finland. Stage I disease was more frequent in Sapporo, (57% of the patients compared with 48% in Finland) whereas more Finnish patients had parenchymal lesions. Extrapulmonary manifestations of sarcoidosis were more often diagnosed in Sapporo ; main ly because of the eye lesions. The prognosis of pulmonary sarcoidosis in Finland was significantly less favourable than the prognosis of the Japanese patients

Retrospective evaluation of whole exome and genome mutation calls in 746 cancer samples

Funder: NCI U24CA211006Abstract: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) curated consensus somatic mutation calls using whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS), respectively. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, which aggregated whole genome sequencing data from 2,658 cancers across 38 tumour types, we compare WES and WGS side-by-side from 746 TCGA samples, finding that ~80% of mutations overlap in covered exonic regions. We estimate that low variant allele fraction (VAF < 15%) and clonal heterogeneity contribute up to 68% of private WGS mutations and 71% of private WES mutations. We observe that ~30% of private WGS mutations trace to mutations identified by a single variant caller in WES consensus efforts. WGS captures both ~50% more variation in exonic regions and un-observed mutations in loci with variable GC-content. Together, our analysis highlights technological divergences between two reproducible somatic variant detection efforts

Solvent-free Preparation of Electrochemical Capacitor Electrodes Using Metal-free Redox Organic Compounds

A metal-free redox organic compound, 2,5-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone (DCBQ), was finely dispersed over the porous carbon substrate, Ketjen Black (KB), by a solvent-free method in only one step. By using this method, DCBQ was loaded inside the pores of KB with as much as ca. 60 wt % in the sample without any agglomeration. This high loading along with high dispersion can be attained due to the absence of solvent. Since this procedure is free from organic solvents it is also free from solvent removal, at which organic compounds tend to agglomerate as the concentration of organic compounds increases, and the concomitant purification process. The electrochemical behaviors of the resulting composite materials were evaluated, and it was found that the volumetric capacitance, which correlated with the capacitance per unit mass of KB, increased with the loading amount of DCBQ, with high power density and long cycle lifetime. The resulting volumetric capacitances reached 4.7 times higher than those of KB and exhibited high rate capability up to 5 A g^–1, along with excellent cycle lifetime up to 10 000 cycles. These results indicate the superiority of the pseudocapacitance induced inside the pores of porous carbon substrates by quinone derivatives over the electric double layer capacitance in gaining both high power and high energy densities