Real-time Monitoring for the Next Core-Collapse Supernova in JUNO

Core-collapse supernova (CCSN) is one of the most energetic astrophysical events in the Universe. The early and prompt detection of neutrinos before (pre-SN) and during the SN burst is a unique opportunity to realize the multi-messenger observation of the CCSN events. In this work, we describe the monitoring concept and present the sensitivity of the system to the pre-SN and SN neutrinos at the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), which is a 20 kton liquid scintillator detector under construction in South China. The real-time monitoring system is designed with both the prompt monitors on the electronic board and online monitors at the data acquisition stage, in order to ensure both the alert speed and alert coverage of progenitor stars. By assuming a false alert rate of 1 per year, this monitoring system can be sensitive to the pre-SN neutrinos up to the distance of about 1.6 (0.9) kpc and SN neutrinos up to about 370 (360) kpc for a progenitor mass of 30$M_{\odot}$ for the case of normal (inverted) mass ordering. The pointing ability of the CCSN is evaluated by using the accumulated event anisotropy of the inverse beta decay interactions from pre-SN or SN neutrinos, which, along with the early alert, can play important roles for the followup multi-messenger observations of the next Galactic or nearby extragalactic CCSN.Comment: 24 pages, 9 figure

Current techniques in adult-acquired buried penis repair: where are we now

Adult-acquired buried penis (AABP) is a condition associated with penile entrapment, penile shaft skin loss, and an enlarged pannus which engulfs the penis. The increased prevalence, awareness, and availability of surgical repair have led to a relative standardization in repairs. The surgical approach to AABP has evolved from a lengthy procedure with extended inpatient stay to one that may be done in an outpatient setting. The critical steps for surgical management of AABP have remained largely consistent over time, including: release of the penis with removal of diseased skin, suprapubic and/or abdominal panniculectomy, and skin coverage (usually with grafts). In contrast, the finer points of the procedure and perioperative care have undergone evolution. The aim of our approach was to optimize postoperative aesthetic and functional outcomes. Our perioperative management was modeled after enhanced recovery after surgery principles to minimize morbidity and expedite recovery. There remains room for improvement in the care of individuals with AABP, specifically multi-institutional collaboration, development of disease-specific outcome measures, and standardization of treatment algorithms

Etv2 regulates enhancer chromatin status to initiate Shh expression in the limb bud

The embryonic limb bud is known to be patterned by a Shh morphogen gradient, though how Shh expression is activated remains less clear. Here the authors show that Etv2 acts as a pioneer transcription factor to mediate accessibility of the ZRS enhancer and initiate Shh expression

Association Between Ejaculatory Dysfunction and Post-Void Dribbling After Urethroplasty.

ObjectiveTo determine whether ejaculatory dysfunction (EjD) and post-void dribbling (PVD) after urethroplasty are associated, providing evidence for a common etiology.MethodsWe reviewed a prospectively maintained database for first-time, anterior urethroplasties. One item from the Male Sexual Health Questionnaire (MSHQ) assessed EjD: "How would you rate the strength or force of your ejaculation". One item from the Urethral Stricture Surgery Patient-Reported Outcome Measure (USS-PROM) assessed PVD: "How often have you had slight wetting of your pants after you had finished urinating?". The frequency of symptoms was compared after penile vs. bulbar repairs, and anastomotic versus augmentation bulbar repairs. Associations were assessed with chi-square.ResultsA total of 728 men were included. Overall, postoperative EjD and PVD were common; 67% and 66%, respectively. There was a significant association between EjD and PVD for the whole cohort (p<0.0001); this association remained significant after penile repairs (p=0.01), bulbar repairs (p<0.0007), and bulbar anastomotic repairs (p=0.002), but not after bulbar augmentation repairs (p=0.052). EjD and PVD occurred at similar rates after penile and bulbar urethroplasty. The rate of EjD was similar after bulbar augmentation and bulbar anastomotic urethroplasties, but PVD was more common after bulbar augmentation (70% vs. 52%) (p = 0.0001).ConclusionEjD and PVD after anterior urethroplasty are significantly associated with one another, supporting the theory of a common etiology. High rates after penile repairs argue against a bulbospongiosus muscle damage etiology, and high rates after anastomotic repairs argue against graft sacculation. More work is needed to better understand and prevent symptoms