Cytochemical and immunocytochemical studies of the localization of histones and protamine-type proteins in spermatids of Chara vulgaris and Chara tomentosa.

Spermiogenesis in Chara algae, which has been divided into 10 phases (sp I-X), is similar to spermiogenesis in animals. The most important process during spermiogenesis in animals is remodeling of chromatin leading to "sleeping genome", being the result the exchange of histone proteins into protamine-like proteins. Cytochemical studies showed in both Chara species (C. vulgaris, C. tomentosa) that at spI-IV phases only histones were present, at spV-VIII phases--the amount of nuclear protamine-type proteins progressively increased and that of histones decreased while at spIX-X only pro-tamine-type proteins were present. This was also confirmed with capillar electrophoresis. In order to localize more precisely both histones and protamines the immunocytochemical studies with the use of anti-protamine antibodies (protamine-type proteins were obtained from C. tomentosa antheridia) and anti-histone H3 antibodies, have been carried out. More specific immunocytochemical studies confirmed cytochemical results including the exchange of histones into protamine-type during spermiogenesis (spV-VIII) in both Chara species. At phase V spermiogenesis these strong strand-like anti-protamine signals were observed in cytoplasm which might suggest that protamine synthesis took place in ER

Verification of the Stormwater Drainage System Overloads in Wrocław for an Assessment of Climate Change Effects

This paper presents a verification of the performance of the stormwater drainage system in Gaj and Tarnogaj residential developments in Wrocław with regard to climate changes, by means of a calibrated hydrodynamic model created within the SWMM software. The verification was carried out for two criterial rainfalls: the Euler model rainfall with occurrence frequency C = 3 years and an actual rainfall with C = 5 years. Two parameters: degree of flooding (DOF) and specific flood volume (SFV) were adopted to indicate potential system overloads. The simulations showed numerous outflows from the sewers, which means, that the investigated system needs adapting to climate changes. The causes of this should be sought in the too small diameters of the sewers and so in the insufficient hydraulic capacity of the sewerage system dimensioned in the past using methods which are inadequate today

Vocal hygiene in stage artists. Research reports

Vocal hygiene is extremely important for professional actors and amateurs since their voice is one of the basic tools which they use in the theatre. This article presents the most important principles regarding vocal hygiene and the results of a two‑stage study showing to what extent and in what way actors take these guidelines into account in their lives. The obtained data confirmed that adherence to the main principles of vocal hygiene has an impact on the quality of communication in everyday life and during performances on the stage.Higiena głosu jest niezwykle ważna dla aktorów zawodowych i amatorów, gdyż głos jest jednym z podstawowych narzędzi, jakimi posługują się w teatrze. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono najważniejsze zasady dotyczące higieny głosu oraz wyniki dwuetapowego badania, które miało wykazać, w jakim stopniu i w jaki sposób aktorzy uwzględniają te wytyczne w swoim życiu. Uzyskane dane potwierdziły, że stosowanie się do głównych zasad higieny głosu wpływa na jakość komunikacji w życiu codziennym oraz podczas występów na scenie

Kompetencje organów antymonopolowych na rynkach regulowanych na przykładzie decyzji dotyczącej praktyk antykonkurencyjnych zidentyfi kowanych na rynku ciepła

Niniejszy artykuł adresuje kwestię dopuszczalności i zakresu ingerencji organów antymonopolowych w działania przedsiębiorców podejmowane na rynkach regulowanych, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem sektora energetycznego. Autorzy artykułu stoją na stanowisku, wbrew pojawiającym się ostatnio tezom niektórych przedstawicieli doktryny, że organ antymonopolowy ma kompetencje do interwencji w każdym wypadku, gdy mamy do czynienia ze swobodnym działaniem przedsiębiorcy. Uprawnienia organów antymonopolowych są w tym zakresie komplementarne względem narzędzi, którymi dysponują rynkowi regulatorzy

Rehabilitation of speech in Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease in spite of being nowadays considered as an inauspicious health prognosis because of its incurable nature, can be combated by the use of a number of non-pharmacological methods. With their help a patient will be able to retain full independence and mobility as long as possible. The immediate cause of the disease is a disorder of the proper functioning of the extrapyramidal system, which is associated with the occurrence of characteristic symptoms such as dysfunction of the musculoskeletal system and the autonomic nervous system, abnormal sensation and mental disorders. Planning of the improvement is guided by the presence of the primary symptoms such as muscle rigidity, slowness of movement and tremor. One of the effects of the co-occurrence of these symptoms are speech disorders. There is a number of characteristic features for speech disorders of a person with Parkinson's disease and they mainly concern its quality. These dysfunctions negatively affect the patient's communication with the environment. Properly implemented physical activity brings beneficial results, causing a delay in the buildup of disease symptoms

Short‑term cell death in tissues of Pulsatilla vernalis seeds from natural and ex situ conserved populations

Pulsatilla vernalis is a IUCN listed species that occurs in mountain and lowland habitats. The seeds collected from different populations are remarkably diverse in their viability depending on locality or year of collection. We aim to analyse seed viability, among others, by investigation of the percentage of alive, dying, and dead cells in embryos and endosperm when comparing the seeds from a wild lowland population and ex situ cultivation of plants of lowland and Alpine origin. The cell death was detected by staining with two fluorescence probes, one penetrating only the changed nuclear membranes, the other penetrating also the unchanged cells. 54.5% of Alpine origin seeds were presumably capable of germination if they were sown after collection, however, four months later only 36.4% had healthy embryos. In the case of lowland wild plants it was 31.8% and 18.2%, and from ex situ, 27.3% and 13.6%, respectively. 27.3% of Alpine origin seeds had embryo in torpedo stage (9.1% in the case of lowland seeds). Mean weight of the former was 2.9 mg (2.0 mg in lowland ones). Our results confirm the significance of seed origin and seed weight on viability, and that Pulsatilla seeds have a short ‘germination time window’

Conservative treatment of ankle sprain according to a recent literature

Due to complicated structure of ankle, it is exceptionally susceptible to injuries, of which one of the most common is a sprain. The sprain involves soft-tissue injuries that, depending on their level of seriousness, are categorized as first-, second- or third-degree sprains. The main goals of rehabilitation in the acute phase after the injury include reduction of pain, swelling and hematoma, as well as prevention from secondary injuries. During the subacute phase the emphasis should be put on restoring the joint’s function and its range of motion, as well as on gentle loading of the joint. Proprioception training, strength and stretching exercises should also be introduced. The next stage, during which the reconstruction of the damaged tissues takes place, involves the implementation of gradual progressive loading and the variety of earlier introduced procedures. In the final phase of rehabilitation, it is vital to reassure that the patient is able to return to full activity, especially if he or she is an athlete. Therefore, functional testing such as the Dorsiflexion Lunge Test or The Star Excursion Balance Test may be of help. The main predisposing factor for an ankle sprain is a previous injury of the same type. It is due to the fact that such an injury leads to impaired proprioceptive function and impaired postural control. Improper rehabilitation or the lack of thereof may cause the development of chronic ankle instability, which substantially reduces the chances of physical activity and the patient’s quality of life. The implementation of adequate preventive measures based on employing external stabilisers and neuromuscular training appears to be essential. The objective is to regain a good sense of proprioception as well as muscle reaction time within the ankle joint

Diagnozowanie skręcenia stawu skokowego = Diagnosis of ankle sprain

Kaźmierczak Urszula, Kwiatkowski Szymon, Radzimińska Agnieszka, Strojek Katarzyna, Weber-Rajek Magdalena, Zukow Walery. Diagnozowanie skręcenia stawu skokowego = Diagnosis of ankle sprain. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(12):441-451. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.206008http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/4075    The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 754 (09.12.2016).754 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7© The Author (s) 2016;This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, PolandOpen Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercialuse, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.Received: 01.12.2016. Revised 12.12.2016. Accepted: 16.12.2016.   Diagnozowanie skręcenia stawu skokowegoDiagnosis of ankle sprain Urszula Kaźmierczak1, Szymon Kwiatkowski1, Agnieszka Radzimińska¹, Katarzyna Strojek¹, Magdalena Weber-Rajek¹, Walery Zukow²1Department of Physiotherapy, Division of Principles of Physiotherapy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland2Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz Słowa kluczowe: staw skokowy, diagnozowanie, skręcenie, skręcenie stawu skokowego Keywords: ankle, diagnosis, sprain, ankle sprain  Streszczenie Postawienie prawidłowej diagnozy po skręceniu stawu skokowego jest kluczowym elementem pozwalającym zaplanować i wdrożyć odpowiednie leczenie. Należy w tym celu przeprowadzić dokładne badanie podmiotowe, czyli szczegółowy wywiad z pacjentem, a następnie badanie przedmiotowe. Jego elementami są obserwacja i palpacja, testy funkcjonalne oraz badania dodatkowe. Działanie takie pozwala nabrać pewności na temat tego, które struktury i w jakim stopniu zostały uszkodzone.Uraz skrętny stawu skokowego może wiązać się nie tylko z uszkodzeniem więzadeł czy torebki stawowej, ale również powstawanie ukrytych problemów.  W przypadku przeoczenia, mogą znacznie przedłużyć proces powrotu do zdrowia. Abstract Making the right diagnosis after spraining an ankle is a key element that allows to plan and implement appropriate treatment. A medical history which is a detailed interview with a patient and then physical examination should be undertaken. The components of the latter are observation and palpation, functional tests and additional examinations. Such a proceeding enables ensuring which structures and to which extend got damaged. The torsion injury of the ankle may be associated with not only the damage of the joint capsule or ligaments, but also the formation of hidden problems. Those, when overlooked, may substantially extend the process of recovery

Potrzeba reedukacji chodu po udarze niedokrwiennym mózgu = Need re-educating gait after ischemic brain

Strojek Katarzyna, Janczak Łukasz, Radzimińska Agnieszka, Kaźmierczak Urszula, Piekorz Zuzanna, Strączyńska Agnieszka, Zukow Walery. Potrzeba reedukacji chodu po udarze niedokrwiennym mózgu = Need re-educating gait after ischemic brain. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(10):79-89. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.160238http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3929    The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015).755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7© The Author (s) 2016;This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, PolandOpen Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercialuse, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.Received: 02.09.2016. Revised 24.09.2016. Accepted: 12.10.2016.   Potrzeba reedukacji chodu po udarze niedokrwiennym mózguNeed re-educating gait after ischemic brain  Katarzyna Strojek¹, Łukasz Janczak¹, Agnieszka Radzimińska¹, Urszula Kaźmierczak¹, Zuzanna Piekorz¹, Agnieszka Strączyńska¹, Walery Zukow21. Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu Collegium Medicum w Bydgoszczy, Katedra Fizjoterapii, Bydgoszcz, Polska  2. Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy, Bydgoszcz, Polska Słowa kluczowe: reedukacja chodu, udar niedokrwienny mózguKeywords: gait re-education, ischemic stroke     Streszczenie Celem pracy jest zwrócenie uwagi na celowość reedukacji  chodu u pacjentów po przebytym udarze mózgu. W pracy zostały przedstawione odchylenia  od normy w poszczególnych pod fazach cyklu chodu oraz zaprezentowane  najważniejsze  metody reedukacji chodu. Udar mózgu stanowi jedną z najczęstszych chorób neurologicznych i powoduje wiele zaburzeń związanych z fizjologicznym chodem. Chód pacjentów po przebytym udarze mózgu objawia się brakiem symetrii podczas poszczególnych faz cyklu chodu, nierównym obciążeniem kończyn oraz  zaburzoną  długością kroku. Reedukacji chodu ma na celu przywrócenie fizjologicznych wzorców chodu, zbudowanie prawidłowego napięcia mięśniowego w kończynie niedowładnej, poprawę równowagi oraz przywrócenie funkcji samodzielnego i bezpiecznego poruszania się.   Abstract The aim of the work is to draw attention to the desirability of re-educating gait in patients after stroke of the brain. At work were presented to the deviation in each subphases power cycle and presented the most important method of re-educating gait. Stroke is one of the most common neurological diseases and causes many physiological disorders related to your vehicle. Gait of patients after stroke of the brain revealed by the lack of symmetry while the individual phases of the gait cycle, the uneven load of limbs and impaired the length of the step. Gait re-education is designed to restore the physiological gait patterns, to build proper muscle tone in the affected paretic limb, improving balance and restore the functions of independent and safe move

Prevalence of Impaired Hearing and Vision in Patients with Vitiligo

Vitiligo is a common dermatosis occurring witha frequency of about 0.2-4.0% in world population. Themain skin symptom of disease are white patches appearingas a result of destruction or dysfunction of pigment cells(melanocytes). Melanocytes are localized not only in epidermisand bulge region of hair follicle, but also in inner earand eyeball structures, and therefore vitiligo may coexistswith auditory and visual disorders. The most frequent auditoryand visual disturbances occurring in vitiligo patientsare discussed in this article