Tartu Ülikooli arstiõppe akrediteerimine

Eesti Arst 2015; 94(6):38

Õnnetuse konstrueerimine uudisdiskursuses Haapsalu väikelastekodu põlengu näitel

The title of my master’s thesis is „The Construction of an Accident in a News Discourse based on the Haapsalu Children’s Home Fire”. The main goal of the thesis is to examine to what extent the comments that are written to the original news texts contribute to the news discourse and how does the news discourse itself change in these comments. The aim is also to find out to what extent the signs of traumatic stress (crisis reaction) and secondary trauma appear in the comments, what communicative aims and additional topics emerge in the comments. The theoretical part of the thesis is concentrated on the specifics of onlinemedia. The most important aspect of online-media in the context of this thesis is interactivity. Previously the public was only there to receive the message sent by journalists and media organizations. The interactivity of online-media enables the public to be a part of creating and upgrading a news discourse. There are multiple ways for the members of the public to take part in this process. For example by posting videos and photos, spreading additional information with hyperlinks or commenting in the forums of online-versions of media publications. The theoretical part of my master’s thesis also explains the specific aspects of covering accidents in news. It is also explained that the signs of crisis reactions that are the result of traumatic events do not affect only those people who were directly related to the event but also those who experience the event through a mediator (television, radio, newspaper, oral communication etc). More specifically I searched and analyzed the empirical data for occurrence of signs of shock and early reaction phase. The empirical data consist of the news covering the Haapsalu Children’s Home fire on 20.02.2011 in the online-versions of dailies Postimees and Õhtuleht, online news portal Delfi and the comments added to these news. The primary empirical data consisted of 69 articles and 3530 comments. For the final empirical data I chose 3 articles (one form each publication) and 735 comments written to these articles. The empirical data has been analyzed by combining the quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative analysis enables to place qualitative data into a certain relation taking into account the whole data. Qualitative analysis enables to make examples and show the content of a certain analyses unit. I encoded 735 comments taking into account the 58 categories determined in the encoding instruction. I used the same encoding instruction to analyze the three news texts. The analyses showed that the signs of secondary trauma really do occur in the comments and they are clearly distinguishable. The signs of early reaction phase are more likely to occur than the signs of shock. The most common signs of early reaction phase in the comments were sadness, looking for reasons and making assumptions about them. An important aspect of this is the fact that the encoding results of news texts did not show signs of crisis reactions or other aspects that would contribute to the members of the public developing the crisis reactions. The most important result of the analysis was the fact that self-regulation took place in the forums. The people who wrote the comments felt that they were a part of creating the news discourse and they had a sense of responsibility when it came to the content that was created in the forums. They felt responsible for it being in accordance with the norms of good practice and moral norms, adequate, truthful and respectful towards the public. The forum, according to the public, is no longer a place for people to take out their feelings. It is rather a place for getting and providing additional information. The analysis of the comments confirmed the assumption that critical events point out additional topics that the society finds to be important at the moment. In case of the Haapsalu Children’s Home fire the most important topic that emerged was the attitude towards disabled people in Estonia. There were different opinions about the topic expressed by those who had close experiences with disabled people and also by those who did not have any experiences of that kind. The additional topics emerged solely in the forums and were not motivated by the news texts. In conclusion it can be said that my master’s thesis reached it’s goals and offered certain surprises. The fact that the forums have become an important part of a news discourse is proven by the phenomenon that people are not indifferent towards who writes in the forums, what and how it is written. People perceive that new and constantly changing truth is being created in the forums concerning the concrete event as well as the additional important topics perceived by the members of the society at that certain moment.http://tartu.ester.ee/record=b2568389~S1*es

Psüühiliste kriisireaktsioonide ilmnemine meediakajastuses kolme traumaatilise sündmuse näitel: Pala, Kurkse, Ussisoo

The occurrence of psychic crisis reactions in media coverage, based on three traumatic events: Pala, Kurkse, Ussisoo. In my Bachelor‘s thesis I examined the media coverage of three traumatic events in order to find psychic crisis reactions in the statements of information sources. In case of Pala accident, a truck rammed a school bus on 11th October 1996. Five girls and three boys at the age of 10 – 14 died, many were injured. In case of Kurkse accident, 22 Estonian peacekeepers tried to cross the Kurkse Strait on foot as part of the survival exercise „Tough life“. Fourteen soldiers at the age of 20 –27 years drowned on 11th September 1997. In case of Ussisoo accident on 25th January 2009 a Peugeot coming from Tartu collided with a Renault Laguna coming from Tallinn. Four people at the age of 13-20 years died. The theoretical part of my Bachelor’s thesis pointed out the guidelines, basis and principles proceeding from which journalists compile the news. It also explained the influence that accidents, crises and catastrophes may have on those people who are to a smaller or greater extent connected to the event. The theoretical part described and explained the course of the crisis and the different reaction phases (shock phase, early reaction phase, late reaction phase, post-traumatic stress disorder), the reactive psychosis and the distinctive features of children’s crisis reactions. In order to find the psychic crisis reactions in the media coverage of Pala, Kurkse and Ussisoo accidents, I studied the media coverage of each accident within the period of two weeks after the date of the accident. As a result of examining the newspapers (excluding the online-media) I gathered my empirical data that consisted of 65 articles. Empirical data was analyzed based on 13 categories and by using a quantitative method as well as qualitative method. Quantitative method enabled to analyze the appearing of different speakers in the articles, variations in the different psychic crisis reactions that emerged in the articles etc. The qualitative method enabled me to illustrate the aspects pointed out in the theoretical part with examples from the texts and to emphasise the results of the quantitative analyses. Based on my Bachelor’s thesis it was proven that accidents, crisis and catastrophes have an impact not only on the people who were closely connected to the event but also on the people that reflect the events. For a truthful media coverage it is important that the journalists would know and feel how reflecting accidents, crises and catastrophes may affect their mental state, thinking and feelings. They should have the knowledge of how to take into account the possibility that the information sources may be suffering from different psychic crisis reactions and how to analyze how these reactions may affect their statements.http://tartu.ester.ee/record=b2450425~S1*es

Tulevikuresidentuur

Eesti Arst 2019; 98(5):255–26

Analysis of repetitive element expression in the blood and skin of patients with Parkinson’s disease identifies differential expression of satellite elements

Repetitive elements (RE) constitute the majority of the human genome and have a range of functions both structural and regulatory on genomic function and gene expression. RE overexpression has been observed in several neurodegenerative diseases, consistent with the observation of aberrant expression of RE posing a mutagenic threat. Despite reports that associate RE expression with PD no study has comprehensively analysed the role of these elements in the disease. This study presents the first genome-wide analysis of RE expression in PD to date. Analysis of RNA-sequencing data of 12 PD patients and 12 healthy controls identified tissue-specific expression differences and more significantly, differential expression of four satellite elements; two simple satellite III (repName = CATTC_n and _GAATG_n) a high-copy satellite II (HSATII) and a centromeric satellite (ALR_Alpha) in the blood of PD patients. In support of the growing body of recent evidence associating REs with neurodegenerative disease, this study highlights the potential importance of characterization of RE expression in such diseases

Vastus jah – kas seda on vaja eraldi õpetada? Eesti jah ja vene da – funktsionaalsed erinevused telefonivestluste näitel

Eesti partikkel jah täidab mitmeid suhtlusfunktsioone, teatmeteostes kajastuvad neist vaid mõned. Partiklite jah/jaa funktsioone suhtluses on uurinud R. Kasterpalu müügivestluste näitel. Analüüs näitab, et partikleid jah/jaa kasutatakse lisaks samameelsuse või jaatuse väljendamisele ka suhtlussekventside jätkamiseks ja lõpetamiseks. Lõpetav funktsioon on naaberpaari järelliikmel (nt vastus kas-küsimusele), aga ka järelliikmele järgneval ülekinnitusel (nt ettepanekuga nõustumisel). Partikleid jah/jaa kasutatakse samuti huvi mittepakkuva teema lõpetamiseks ning keset pooleliolevat kõnevooru kuuldeloleku ja vastuvõtu signaalina. O. Gerassimenko registratuurikõnede võrdluskorpus kinnitab neid tulemusi ning näitab, et eesti partiklite jah/jaa kasutusala on vene suhtluspartiklist oluliselt laiem. Erinevalt eesti partiklitest jah/jaa ei esine vene partiklit infosoovi vastuvõtmisel ning kuuldeloleku ja vastuvõtu signaalina. Küsimus-vastus sekventsis järgneb jah/jaa ootuspärasele vastusele. Tõlkesõnaraamatutes praeguseks käsitlemata erinevused nimetatud partiklite kasutuses tunduvad autoritele piisavalt olulised, et kajastada neid keeleõppes

Restoring the Integrity of Interest Rate Benchmarks : A Network Governance Approach

Reforming the systemically important interest rate benchmarks has proven to be a highly complex and uncertain undertaking, requiring strong collaboration between market participants and the official sector. Introducing public-private collaboration to tackle complex policy issues has become a common phenomenon in modern society, indicating the transition towards more collaborative and integrative approaches to governance. This has led to a strong focus on the role of networks in social coordination, given their potential for facilitating interaction, cooperation and learning between different parties. Designed as an explanatory case study, the objective of this research paper was to explore the performance of governance networks. Drawing on the literature of wicked problems and meta-governance, the study aimed to answer the following: how to enable conditions for successful network governance in the context of dealing with complex problems? Network analysis of the interest rate benchmark reform demonstrated that the presence of substantive and strategic complexities has created barriers to problem-solving. Overcoming these impasses in decision-making can be achieved through network management, either via institutional design or process management. Importantly, managing the complex interaction processes in networks must account for reciprocal influence of the factors that shape the decision-making, which therefore must be translated in the strategic choices of network managers. However, in order to better understand the implementation of network management strategies, a more detailed analysis of interaction patterns and the causal mechanisms behind network management is needed

Direktiivsed aktipaarid eestikeelsetes infodialoogides ja nende automaatne tuvastamine

Analüüsitakse eestikeelseid telefonikõnesid ametiasutustesse, eesmärgiga arendada intelligentset kasutajaliidest, mis võimaldaks suhelda andmebaasidega eesti keeles. Analüüs põhineb Tartu Ülikooli eesti dialoogikorpusel. Käesolevas artiklis keskendutakse dialoogiaktide direktiivsetele naabruspaaridele, mille esiliikme ütleb ametiasutusse helistav klient ja järelliikme ametnik, näiteks klient avaldab infosoovi ja ametnik vastab info andmisega. Kliendi esimene sooviavaldus püstitab eesmärgi, mille saavutamiseks teevad klient ja ametnik koostööd. Mõlemad osalejad võivad algatada alamdialooge, et täpsustada kas soovi või saadud vastust. Artiklis analüüsitakse direktiivsete aktipaaride keelelisi tunnuseid ja tutvustatakse eestikeelsetes dialoogides dialoogiaktide automaatse tuvastamise eksperimente.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5128/ERYa6.05</p

Suulise eesti keele korpus ja inimese suhtlus arvutiga

<p><span>Tartu Ülikoolis kogutakse suulise eesti keele korpust ja (selle alamosana) dialoogikorpust, et uurida inimestevahelist suhtlust. Kaugem eesmärk on luua kasutajaliideseid, mis võimaldaksid inim- kõne vahendusel suhelda elektrooniliste andmebaasidega. Suhtluse modelleerimine on edukam, kui selle aluseks võetud inimsuhtluse uurimine tehakse suurel eri allkeeli sisaldaval korpusel ning viiakse läbi nii kvantitatiivne kui ka kvalitatiivne analüüs. Artikkel tutvustab Tartu Ülikooli suulise eesti keele korpuse ehitust, transkribeerimise põhimõtteid ja dialoogiaktide annoteerimiseks kasutatavat tüpoloogiat. Rakendusena vaadeldakse ametlikes telefonikõnedes esinevate päringute keelevaliku seletusi.</span></p><p>DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5128/ERYa5.07</p