Production of Neutralinos as Adark Matter via Z0 Boson Propagator

The cross-section, in electron (e-) positron (e+) collision, are calculated over range of center of mass energy S  for the process.Please find more in the PDF version

Incidence of hip fracture in Saudi Arabia and the development of a FRAX model

Summary A prospective hospital-based survey in representative regions of Saudi Arabia determined the incidence of fractures at the hip. The hip fracture rates were used to create a FRAX® model to facilitate fracture risk assessment in Saudi Arabia. Objective This paper describes the incidence of hip fracture in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia that was used to characterize the current and future burden of hip fracture, to develop a country-specific FRAX® tool for fracture prediction and to compare fracture probabilities with neighbouring countries. Methods During a 2-year (2017/2018) prospective survey in 15 hospitals with a defined catchment population, hip fractures in Saudi citizens were prospectively identified from hospital registers. The number of hip fractures and future burden was determined from national demography. Age- and sex-specific incidence of hip fracture and national mortality rates were incorporated into a FRAX model for Saudi Arabia. Fracture probabilities were compared with those from Kuwait and Abu Dhabi. Results The incidence of hip fracture applied nationally suggested that the estimated number of hip fractures nationwide in persons over the age of 50 years for 2015 was 2,949 and is predicted to increase nearly sevenfold to 20,328 in 2050. Hip fracture rates were comparable with estimates from Abu Dhabi and Kuwait. By contrast, probabilities of a major osteoporotic fracture or hip fracture from the age of 70 years were much lower than those seen in Abu Dhabi and Kuwait due to higher mortality estimates for Saudi Arabia. Conclusion A country-specific FRAX tool for fracture prediction has been developed for Saudi Arabia which is expected to help guide decisions about treatment

The use of biological bronchoscopic lung volume reduction therapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients

Background: Lung volume reduction can be accomplished bronchoscopically, a procedure that represents a potential alternative to LVRS. Aim of the work: Evaluation of the role of the effectiveness of biological bronchoscopic lung volume reduction (BBLVR) in COPD patients. Methods: 20 COPD patients were recruited for biological bronchoscopic lung volume reduction (BBLVR). All patients were subjected to dyspnea grade, PaO2, FEV1% of predicted, size of bullae before and 2 weeks after BBLVR. Results: There was statistically significant improvement in dyspnea grade, PaO2, FEV1% of predicted, size of bullae before and 2 weeks after BBLVR, with no detected complications. Conclusion: Biological bronchoscopic lung volume reduction (BBLVR) is safe and effective in COPD patients

Urethral stricture disease after bipolar prostatectomy: Is it a concern?

Introduction: bipolar Transurethral Surgery of Prostate (BTUSP) is growing increasingly popular in the management of Benign prostatic hyperplasia related lower urinary tract symptoms (BPH-related LUTS). Compared to monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), BTUSP has the potential advantages of less toxicity related to irrigation fluid absorption, and better hemostasis. However, there have been reports of BTUSP being associated with increased incidence of urethral stricture disease (USD). We aim at 2 years results of B-TUSP with special emphasis on USD and continence. Patients and methods: This is a retrospective study of patients who underwent BTUSP (resection, vaporization and enucleation) for BPH-related LUTS at Cairo University Hospital from January 2013 to December 2014. Perioperative parameters were assessed. Patients were evaluated 2 years postoperative to assess international prostate symptom score (IPSS), continence, urinary tract infection (UTI) uroflowmetry and post voiding residual urine (PVR). For patients with suspicion of USD (maximum flow rate “Qmax” ≤15 ml/s, PVR ≥100 cc,), retrograde and voiding cystourethrogram and/or cystoscopy were done. Results: A 2-years follow-up was available for 32 patients. Mean age was 66.2 ± 8.2 years. 16/32 patients were catheter dependent due to bladder outlet obstruction. Mean preoperative flowmetry, IPSS and adenoma size were 9.1 ± 3.02 ml/s, 23.1 ± 2.3 and 60.1 ± 28.1 g, respectively. Of our patients 11/32 (34%), 14/32 (44%) and 7/32 (22%) underwent BTU-enucleation, resection and vaporization of prostate, respectively. There was a difference in mean adenoma size for vaporization, enucleation and resection patients (29.57 ± 11.9 g, 83.36 ± 26.49 g and 58.71 ± 17.82 g, respectively) (p < 0.05). Mean postoperative catheter time was 2.7 ± 1.3 days, IPSS, Qmax, and PVRU at 2 years, were 4.53 ± 1.29 (2–7), 17.94 ± 2.7 (11–22) and 3.13 ± 7.7 (0–35) respectively, this was significantly different from preoperative Qmax and IPSS (p < 0.05). Eight patients with Qmax ≤15 ml/s (11–15 ml/s) were assessed and found not to have USD. None of our patients reported incontinence. At 2 years, there was no significant difference in mean Qmax for vaporization, resection and enucleation (18 ml/s ± 3.4, 18.71 ml/s ± 2.86, and 16.9 ml/s ± 1.86, respectively) (p = 0.267). Conclusion: BTUSP is a safe and effective modality for surgical management of BPH-related LUTS. With no evidence of increased incidence of USD, and with significant improvement of flowmetry and IPSS after 2 years follow up. Keywords: Urethral stricture disease, Bipolar prostatectomy, Transurethral prostatic surger

Urethral stricture disease after bipolar prostatectomy: Is it a concern?

Introduction: bipolar Transurethral Surgery of Prostate (BTUSP) is growing increasingly popular in the management of Benign prostatic hyperplasia related lower urinary tract symptoms (BPH-related LUTS). Compared to monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), BTUSP has the potential advantages of less toxicity related to irrigation fluid absorption, and better hemostasis. However, there have been reports of BTUSP being associated with increased incidence of urethral stricture disease (USD). We aim at 2 years results of B-TUSP with special emphasis on USD and continence.Patients and methods: This is a retrospective study of patients who underwent BTUSP (resection, vaporiza- tion and enucleation) for BPH-related LUTS at Cairo University Hospital from January 2013 to December 2014. Perioperative parameters were assessed. Patients were evaluated 2 years postoperative to assess inter- national prostate symptom score (IPSS), continence, urinary tract infection (UTI) uroflowmetry and post voiding residual urine (PVR). For patients with suspicion of USD (maximum flow rate “Qmax”≤15 ml/s, PVR ≥100 cc,), retrograde and voiding cystourethrogram and/or cystoscopy were done.Results: A 2-years follow-up was available for 32 patients. Mean age was 66.2 ± 8.2 years. 16/32 patients were catheter dependent due to bladder outlet obstruction. Mean preoperative flowmetry, IPSS and adenoma size were 9.1 ± 3.02 ml/s, 23.1 ± 2.3 and 60.1 ± 28.1 g, respectively. Of our patients 11/32 (34%), 14/32 (44%) and 7/32 (22%) underwent BTU-enucleation, resection and vaporization of prostate, respectively. There was a difference in mean adenoma size for vaporization, enucleation and resection patients (29.57 ± 11.9 g, 83.36 ± 26.49 g and 58.71 ± 17.82 g, respectively) (p &lt; 0.05). Mean postoperative catheter time was 2.7 ± 1.3 days, IPSS, Qmax, and PVRU at 2 years, were 4.53 ± 1.29 (2–7), 17.94 ± 2.7 (11–22) and 3.13 ± 7.7 (0–35) respectively, this was significantly different from preoperative Qmax and IPSS (p &lt; 0.05). Eight patients with Qmax ≤15 ml/s (11–15 ml/s) were assessed and found not to have USD. None of our patients reported incontinence. At 2 years, there was no significant difference in mean Qmax  or vaporization, resection and enucleation (18 ml/s ± 3.4, 18.71 ml/s ± 2.86, and 16.9 ml/s ± 1.86, respectively) (p = 0.267).Conclusion: BTUSP is a safe and effective modality for surgical management of BPH-related LUTS. With no evidence of increased incidence of USD, and with significant improvement of flowmetry and IPSS after 2 years follow up

5G Networks Towards Smart and Sustainable Cities: A Review of Recent Developments, Applications and Future Perspectives

5G wireless communication systems provide massive system capacity with high data rates, very short low-latency, and ultra-high reliability, in addition to high connection density with a positive experience on smart cities and the Internet of Things (IoT). Future networks are anticipated to revolutionize typical applications such as the enhanced mobile broadband services (EMBB), ultra-reliable low latency communication (uRLLC), and massive machine-type communications (mMTC) anywhere and everywhere. This rationalizes the need to investigate the sustainable elements of 5G networks in smart cities to understand how 5G networks can be more environmentally- friendly and energy-efficient. This paper aims to investigate how 5G networks can act as key enablers in achieving sustainability in smart cities, using a macroscopic review. An overview of 5G communication networks and several 5G technologies used in smart city applications to enhance sustainability is presented. This is followed by investigating the indicators that measure sustainability in 5G networks across the environmental, social, and economic dimensions; and sub-dimensions such as energy efficiency, power consumption, carbon footprint, pollution, cost, health, safety, and security. The results show that the majority of research papers focus on the environmental dimensions of sustainability (42%) when attempting to address sustainability in 5G systems and smart cities. The findings also showed a huge interest in the economic (37%) and social (21%) dimensions as well. Further, when examining the sub-dimensions, it was found that most of the studies focused on energy efficiency (20%), power consumption (17%), and cost (15%).Scopu

Centralized event-based protection based on communication infrastructure of medium voltage direct current network

Direct current (DC) distribution systems play a crucial role in integrating various DC systems, renewable energy sources, and power loads. Single-ended protection methods are inadequate for ensuring high-speed selective protection due to the lack of boundary elements, while current differential protection methods can be affected by line-distributed capacitance currents. Therefore, an event-based protection scheme is proposed that uses communication infrastructure and the first derivative of the transient fault current to provide a selective protection system for Medium Voltage Direct Current (MVDC) networks. The scheme utilizes Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) to transmit events to the Intelligent Protection Center (IPC) via a communication network, which compares them to identify the faulty section. The proposed protection scheme is effective in detecting and isolating faults, even under challenging network conditions, as demonstrated by simulation results on a two-terminal topology MVDC distribution network using the PSCAD/EMTDC platform