Case Presentation of a 23-Month-old Herpes Simplex Virus-infected Girl with Brain and Oesophageal Involvement.

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is the most common identifiable cause of serious or life threatening sporadic, endemic encephalitis. Typical HSV encephalitis in patients outside neonatal age is caused by HSV-1. A 23-month-old girl was referred to our hospital with a three-day history of fever, listlessness, slurred speech, and suspicious oesophageal foreign body impaction. Laboratory evaluations showed white blood cell count of 10900 /mm3 with 65% neutrophils. Upper endoscopy revealed diffuse severe ulceration in middle to distal third of oesophagus and no foreign body was found in oesophagus or stomach. Parenteral acyclovir was prescribed for herpes encephalitis in addition to antibiotics for central nervous system infection. Chest X-ray and brain MRI was unremarkable. Lumbar puncture revealed normal protein and glucose with 10 white cell count. She developed a raising liver enzyme tests. Total and direct bilirubin was 1.2 mg/dc and 0.2 mg/dc respectively. Because of neurological symptoms, acyclovir was adopted for our patient from the beginning. The girl did not respond to medication and died after 28 days. Progression of her disease prior to referral appears to contribute to the administered treatment inefficacy. Severe rapid progression of disease prior to referral and potential resistance to acyclovir could cause treatment failure

Therapeutic potential of quercetin on human breast cancer in different dimensions

Background: There has been an extensive range of incidence and mortality of breast cancer (BC), and the comprehensively available treatments for BC have not been completely successful in achieving satisfactory outcomes up to date. Hypothesis: Recently, we are watching intense attention paid to the utilization of natural compounds as a novel therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. Quercetin, a dietary flavonol in a large group of commonly consumed foods, is widely illustrated to apply inhibitory effects on cancer progression through several mechanisms including apoptosis enhancement, cell cycle arrest, metastasis and angiogenesis inhibition, antioxidant replication and estrogen receptor modulation. Methods: We reviewed the most relevant papers published from 2009 to 2018 (except 15 articles), using �pub med� and �web of science� and the search terms �Quercetin�; �Breast cancer�; �Flavonoid�; �Apoptosis�; �Cell cycle�; �chemotherapy�; �Drug resistance�; �Metastasis; �Oxidative stress�, �Breast cancer receptors� and �Quercetin derivatives�. We selected studies on the association of quercetin with breast cancer in different dimensions. Results: Despite the remarkable number of studies on quercetin�s efficacy, multiple aspects of this herbal compound have not been clarified well and this review provides a summarized update of the recent evidence on biologically available efficacies of quercetin which would establish a further biological basis for the potential therapeutic acquisition of quercetin as an anticancer drug. Conclusion: Basic, epidemiological and genetic studies point to the potential role of quercetin in the treatment of breast cancer, but randomized and controlled trials are of great importance to establish the clinical efficacy of quercetin in ill or at-risk subjects. © 2019, Springer Nature Switzerland AG

Determination of Minimum Miscibility Pressure in Gas Injection Process by Using ANN with Various Mixing Rules

Miscible gas injection is one of the most effective enhanced oil recovery techniques and minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) is an important parameter in miscible gas injection processes. The accurate determination of this parameter is critical for an adequate design of injection equipment investment prospect. The purpose of this paper is to develop a new universal artificial neural network (U-ANN) model to predict the minimum miscibility pressure of CO2 and hydrocarbon gas flooding. Different MMP correlations and models have been proposed regarding the type of injection gas and the mechanism of miscibility based on mathematical and thermodynamic calculations respectively. Almost all the correlations proposed in the literature either represent condensing /vaporizing mechanisms or give reasonable results only in a limited range of data they are based on. A new model is introduced by taking into consideration both condensing and vaporizing mechanisms and by using a wider range of data. Experimental data from different crude oil reservoirs obtained by slim tube test have been applied in order to propose a new model. Mixing rules are used to decrease independent variables. The significance of this model is that MMP can be determined for any composition of oil and gas regardless of the fact that which mechanism is dominant in achieving miscibility. Comparing the percentage error of this model with those of the previous literature data showed that the results obtained from the new MMP model were more accurate and universal than most common correlations available

Frequency of celiac disease in children with type 1 diabetes

Background and aims: Occurrence of celiac and diabetes is accompanied by numerous complications in children and if diagnoses do not occur promptly, celiac disease complications including gastrointestinal disorders, loss of appetite and damage caused by hypoproteinemia, and most importantly, growth disorder occurs in diabetic children. This study was aimed to compare the frequency of celiac disease in children with diabetes aged under 15 years and the controls of the same age referring to the clinics affiliated with Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences. Methods: In this case-control study, using convenience sampling, 42 patients with diabetes and 43 patients without diabetes admitted for gastrointestinal diseases were assigned as cases and controls, respectively. The description of all patients was provided, and physical examinations and serologic tests were conducted on them. If the serologic tests tTGA-IgA and tTGA-IgG were positive, the intestinal biopsy was taken. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and t-test, chi-square, and Mann–Whitney test in SPSS. Results: The mean serum levels of tTGA-IgA and tTGA-IgG were significantly higher in the case group than the control group (P<0.05). There were significant differences in weight gain between the cases and the controls (P=0.017). The frequency of celiac disease was 15% (n: 6) in children with diabetes with a significant difference from the controls (P=0.02). Conclusion: In this study, the frequency of celiac disease was higher in children with diabetes than children without. Therefore, in the study area, routine screening for celiac disease is helpful in reducing possible disorders and complications in diabetic children

Comparison the self-concept and behavior in adolescents without criminal record with juvenile offenders

Background and aims: impermanent and negative self-concept , disrupts personal and social adjustment. in this study compared self-concept and behavior in adolescents without a history of juvenile criminal and offenders. Methods: The study was cross-sectional . 79 person from centers for Upbringing and correction via census sample and 120 person that with first group in regard to age-and sex- matched controls from Isfahan City were enrolled. The data collection instrument consisted of three sections include demographic information , self-concept and behavior questions. Statistic examination include T-test, Fisher and K2, were use for data analyzed . Results: The mean and standard deviation of self-Concept in offenders was 58/94±10/30 and Behavior was 62/26±28/81. Adolescents with no history of criminal record, self-concept score was 63/02±9/75 and Behavior was 84/66±15/22. Self-concept and behavior scores were significantly higher in the group with no criminal record (p<0/001). Conclusion: The results suggest that the Self-concept and Behavior of juvenile offenders is lower than adolescents with no criminal record. It is also considered demographic factors will affect the incidence of antisocial behavior . It seems psychologists and counselors to be working in these centers must training , counseling and therapy and correction techniques with consideration to the establishment of such anomalies

First Detection of Leishmania major DNA in Sergentomyia (Spelaeomyia) darlingi from Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Foci in Mali

Leishmania major complex is the main causative agent of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) in the Old World. Phlebotomus papatasi and Phlebotomus duboscqi are recognized vectors of L. major complex in Northern and Southern Sahara, respectively. In Mali, ZCL due to L. major is an emerging public health problem, with several cases reported from different parts of the country. The main objective of the present study was to identify the vectors of Leishmania major in the Bandiagara area, in Mali. Methodology/Principal Findings: An entomological survey was carried out in the ZCL foci of Bandiagara area. Sandflies were collected using CDC miniature light traps and sticky papers. In the field, live female Phlebotomine sandflies were identified and examined for the presence of promastigotes. The remaining sandflies were identified morphologically and tested for Leishmania by PCR in the ITS2 gene. The source of blood meal of the engorged females was determined using the cyt-b sequence. Out of the 3,259 collected sandflies, 1,324 were identified morphologically, and consisted of 20 species, of which four belonged to the genus Phlebotomus and 16 to the genus Sergentomyia. Leishmania major DNA was detected by PCR in 7 of the 446 females (1.6%), specifically 2 out of 115 Phlebotomus duboscqi specimens, and 5 from 198 Sergentomyia darlingi specimens. Human DNA was detected in one blood-fed female S. darlingi positive for L. major DNA. Conclusion: Our data suggest the possible involvement of P. duboscqi and potentially S. darlingi in the transmission of ZCL in Mali

Comparison of amoxicillin and metronidazole effect on three-drug regimen for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection in children

Helicobacter pylori is an important risk factor for chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer. Three-drug regimen is the first-line treatment for this infection, but the response rate to treatment varies in different geographical regions. This study was conducted to comparatively determine the effect of amoxicillin and metronidazole on three-drug regimen to treat H. pylori infection in 1-15-year-old children. This clinical trial was conducted on 82 patients aged 1-15 years with convenience sampling referring to the Endoscopy Unit of Hajar Hospital, Shahrekord. Group 1 was administered with clarithromycin, amoxicillin, and omeprazole (CAO), and Group 2 with, clarithromycin, metronidazole, and omeprazole (CMO). One month after completion of the treatment, stool antigen test was used to study the eradication of H. pylori. Data were analyzed using SPSS software by Chi-square test. Three of the 82 patients were excluded from the study because of side effects caused by drugs. Nearly 87.2% of the patients in CAO-Treated group and 92.5% in CMO-Treated group had response to treatment. There was no significant difference in eradication rate between the two regimens (P = 0.43). The two regimens displayed no superiority over each other for eradicating H. pylori infection and response rate to treatment in children aged 1-15 years

Descriptive-Analytical Evaluation of Scorpion Sting Incidence in Masjed-Soleyman County, Southwestern Iran

Scorpions are dangerous for humans due to having deadly and toxic sting. Scorpion sting is a major public health challenge in many countries. The south and southwest of Iran with about 95 species of scorpions are the most heavily occupied regions in the country. Khuzestan Province is highlighted for its scorpions and scorpionism amongst the provinces of Iran. Khuzestan with 19 species of scorpions is one of the most important regions in terms of scorpionism problem in the southwestern Iran. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of survey epidemiology of scorpion sting in Masjed-Soleyman County from 2015 till 2017. This research is a descriptive - analytical study. All the scorpionism cases who were referred to the 22-Bahman Hospital of Masjed-Soleyman during the study period were included in this research. The required information was extracted from the patients' recorded data in the hospital. Information for each case were recorded in a special checklist and imported into the computer for statistical analysis. Epidemiologic and demographic data were analyzed using the software SPSS-20. Descriptive statistics, including frequency and percentage were used for data analysis. The Chi square test (X-2) and the T test were used to compare variables. P- values of 0.05 or less were considered statistically significant. Out of 11685 cases of scorpionism, 5894 cases were women (50.5 ) and 5791 cases were men (49.5). Most cases (25 and 24.3) were in the age groups between 10- 24 and 25-34 years old, respectively (P<0.01). Scorpion sting cases took place throughout the year, however the highest frequency happened in May (1637, 14) (P<0.05). Moreover, results showed that the highest rate of scorpion stings cases occurred in summer (36.5) followed by spring (35.4) (P<0.05). The place of residence was rural district in 3551 (30.3) patients and the urban in 8134 (69.7) (P<0.05). Among 11685 cases of scorpion sting, 4538 (38.8) were found on hand, and 3956 (33.8) on leg. About 31.3 of scorpion cases did not receive any the antiscorpion venom vaccine. The rest of the stung patients received the antiscorpion venom vaccine within 6 hours after the sting. No cases were exposed to multiple stings. Nocturnal and diurnal stings accounted for 78.2 and 21.8 of stings, respectively (P<0.05). All scorpion sting cases have gotten better throughout the study and one death (a five- year- old girl, stinged by Androctonus cradssicauda from the leg in 2015) have been reported. Scorpionism information are able to guide responsible persons to reduce the cases of scorpion sting. Considering that the highest percentage of scorpion stings have been reported in urban regions accordingly, training prevention methods of scorpion sting to urban people and also development and improving human dwellings can greatly reduce the scorpion sting