The radiation history of material returned by the Soviet automatic stations Luna 16 and Luna 20, according to track studies

Fission tracks formed by the vH (very heavy) nuclei group of solar and galactic cosmic rays have been studied in silicate minerals of the lunar regolith returned by the Luna 16 and Luna 20 unmanned spacecraft. It is shown that the material in the Luna 16 core sample, from a typical mare region of the lunar surface, has undergone stronger irradiation by cosmic rays than material returned a highland region by Luna 20. A low-irradiation component (about 10 percent of the total number of crystals) has been found in the Luna 20 core sample materials, which can possibly be attributed to material added to the main bulk of the regolith in the formation of the crater Apollonius C. From the track density distribution of crystals, as a function of depth in the regolith core sample, it follows that the process of formation of the upper layer of the regolith, both for the lunar mare and for the highland region, includes sequential layering of finely crushed crystalline matter and subsequent mixing of it by micrometeorite bombardment. A portion of the crystals with a very high track density may be a component added to the lunar surface from outer space

Different radiation and metamorphic history of the Kainsaz CO 3.2 chondrules

Track and thermoluminescence parameters in chondrules from the Kainsaz CO 3.2 chondrite have been studied. Obtained results elucidate their individual shock-thermal history and the early pre-accretion stage of the meteorite parent body formation

Complex radiation-thermal history of Kaidun meteorite on data of track study of silicate minerals

The results of track study of approximately 80 individual silicate mineral crystals (ol, px, plag) picked out from Kaidun meteorite are presented. A wide range of observed rho(sub VH) value distributions indicate the complex irradiation history of Kaidun minerals. In one anortite crystal having two track groups with different parameters the pre-accretion irradiation traces were observed in all probability

Induced thermoluminescence study of experimentally shock-loaded oligoclase

Artificially induced thermoluminescence (TL) in oligoclase samples which were shock-loaded up to 27 GPa was measured. The essential increase of the TL sensitivity in relation to the total gamma-ray irradiation dose was observed only in samples at the 27 GPa pressure. This result can be explained by the initiation of additional radiation damages in the shocked oligoclace crystal lattice

Research and innovation identified to decarbonise the maritime sector

The maritime sector requires technically, environmentally, socially, and economically informed pathways to decarbonise and eliminate all emissions harmful to the environment and health. This is extremely challenging and complex, and a wide range of technologies and solutions are currently being explored. However, it is important to assess the state-of-the-art and identify further research and innovation required to accelerate decarbonisation. The UK National Clean Maritime Research Hub have identified key priority areas to drive this process, with particular focus on marine fuels, power and propulsion, vessel efficiency, port operations and infrastructure, digitalisation, finance, regulation, and policy

ВЛИЯНИЕ ОБРАБОТКИ ПОВЕРХНОСТИ ПОРИСТОГО КРЕМНИЯ В РАСТВОРЕ ПОЛИАКРИЛОВОЙ КИСЛОТЫ НА ЕГО ФОТОЛЮМИНЕСЦЕНТНЫЕ СВОЙСТВА

Porous silicon (por-Si) has a unique set of physic−chemical properties of characteristics — well-developed surface and consequently, a high sorption activity. In a dependence of the fabrication technique it is possible to form pores and clusters of nanometer size that makes this material rather prospective for elaborations in optoelectronics and sensors production. However, high surface activity stipulates porous silicon instability in the atmosphere. The work is concerned with the study of the influence of por-Si surface treatment in the aqueous solution of polyacrylic acid on the composition and photoluminescence of this material. It was found that this treatment can either enhance and stabilize PL of the material or change spectral position of PL band and also enhance its total intensity in a dependence of the fabrication technique.Пористый кремний обладает уникальным набором физико-химических характеристик — развитой поверхностью и, как следствие, существенной сорбционной активностью. В зависимости от технологии изготовления в нем можно сформировать поры и кластеры нанометровых размеров, что делает этот материал перспективным для разработок в области оптоэлектроники и сенсорики. Однако высокая активность поверхности обуславливает нестабильность пористого кремния при его контакте с атмосферой. Исследовано влияние обработки поверхности пористого кремния в водном растворе полиакриловой кислоты на состав и фотолюминесценцию материала. Установлено, что такая обработка, в зависимости от технологии получения пористого кремния, может усиливать и стабилизировать фотолюминесценцию этого материала или изменять положение полосы фотолюминесценции и значительно увеличивать ее интегральную интенсивность

The potential to encode sex, age, and individual identity in the alarm calls of three species of Marmotinae

In addition to encoding referential information and information about the sender’s motivation, mammalian alarm calls may encode information about other attributes of the sender, providing the potential for recognition among kin, mates, and neighbors. Here, we examined 96 speckled ground squirrels (Spermophilus suslicus), 100 yellow ground squirrels (Spermophilus fulvus) and 85 yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventris) to determine whether their alarm calls differed between species in their ability to encode information about the caller’s sex, age, and identity. Alarm calls were elicited by approaching individually identified animals in live-traps. We assume this experimental design modeled a naturally occurring predatory event, when receivers should acquire information about attributes of a caller from a single bout of alarm calls. In each species, variation that allows identification of the caller’s identity was greater than variation allowing identification of age or sex. We discuss these results in relation to each species’ biology and sociality

The mathematical device for the analysis of a graphic representation of wheat

UK: Пропонується апаратний спосіб аналізу кольору зерна та використовувати типові закони розподілу для порівняння графічних зображень сканованого зерна пшениці. EN: For comparison graphic representations of the scanned grain of wheat it is offered to use typical laws of distribution