The role of T regulatory cells in immunopathogenesis of myasthenia gravis: implications for therapeutics

T regulatory cells (Tregs) are crucial for the development of self-tolerance and are the major focus in many studies interpreting the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis (MG), an autoimmune-based disease. In normal conditions, Tregs regulate the immune responses, while impaired regulatory function of these cells can lead to autoimmunity. Recent studies have confirmed that the thymic and peripheral blood CD4(+)CD25(+) Tregs of MG are defective in functions and/or in numbers, which are associated with disease severity; approaches to correct the defects of these Tregs may be promising in the treatment of MG. This review discusses recent studies on characteristics, quantitative and qualitative changes of Tregs and possible mechanisms that are involved in the impairment of these cells in MG pathogenesis. In addition, new approaches inducing Treg generation that are currently being investigated as therapies for MG, will be discussed as well as proposed approaches for future therapies

Measurement of Advanced Glycation End Products Could Be Used as an Indicator of Unhealthy Nutrition for Colorectal Cancer Risk

The main culprit behind most cancers is the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Glyoxal (GO) and methylglyoxal (MGO) are reactive intermediates created by food processing and they are precursors of advanced glycation end products (AGE) that cause glycative stress. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between AGE levels of healthy volunteers and treatment-naive patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer. The study consisted of patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer and healthy volunteers who underwent routine colonoscopy. The study was conducted with a total of 42 cases, 47.6% (n = 20) female. The ages of the participants in the study ranged from 41 to 82 years, and the mean was 60.57 +/- 10.78 years. The GO and MGO values of the patient group were found to be significantly higher than those of the control group (p = 0.007, p = 0.001, respectively). The risk of colorectal cancer was 22 and 57 times higher in individuals with GO and MGO values above 1.25 mu g/mL and 0.0095 mu g/mL, respectively. The blood AGE level is closely related to diet, and it can be decreased through the appropriate improvement of diet. Thus, the measurement of AGE can be used to predict whether a person's nutrition is healthy or unhealthy and prevent increased risk of colorectal cancer

Evaluation of Light-Emitting Diode (LED-660 Nm) Application over Primary Osteoblast-Like Cells on Titanium Surfaces: An In Vitro Study

Background: The goal of this study was to evaluate the behavior of neonatal rat calvarial osteoblast-like cells cultured on different implant surfaces and exposed once or three times to a 660-nm light-emitting diode (LED)

An Evaluation of Exogen Islet Amyloid Polypeptide Injection Efficacy on Interleukin-1Beta and Glycemia in Nondiabetics, Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetics and Rats with Islet Transplantation

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the effect of exogen amylin injection on interleukin-1beta (IL-1 beta) and glycemia levels in healthy, diabetic, with transplantation and with amylin injection rats

Serum Presepsin Levels Are Not Elevated in Patients with Hypertension.

13th International Congress of Update in Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery (UCCVS) -- MAR 23-26, 2017 -- Cesme, TURKEYWOS: 00040730920008

Plasma presepsin in determining gastric leaks following bariatric surgery

Background: To be able to prevent morbid obesity in the long-term, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is one of the most effective surgical interventions. However, leakage and bleeding from the stapler line are significant complications. The aim of this study was to determine the role of the levels of plasma presepsin in the detection of stapler leakage

The relationship between treatment response and precursors of advanced glycation end-products in type 2 diabetes: a prospective case-control study

Background In glycolysis, hydroxyl radicals emerge via the auto-oxidation pathway in a status of hyperglycemia, and by binding to proteins or lipids, form advanced glycation end-products (AGE). Glyoxal (GO) and methylglyoxal (MGO) are precursors of AGEs. The aim of this prospective, case-control study was to investigate the difference in levels of AGE precursors in patients with and without diabetes and to investigate the relationship between the change in rates of the AGE precursors and treatment in diabetic patients. Methods The study included 21 treatment-naive patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and 21 age and gender-matched healthy control subjects. Throughout an observation period of 3 months, the diabetic patients were started on anti-diabetic treatment and used no additional treatment or supplementary products. The GO and MGO levels were examined with the HPLC method. Results The GO and MGO levels were determined to be 1.74 and 0.024 mu g/mL respectively in the diabetic patients and 1.14 and 0.002 mu g/mL in the control group. After 3 months of treatment, a statistically significant decrease compared to pre-treatment values was determined of 0.684 mu g/mL in GO and 0.01989 mu g/mL in MGO (p=0.001, p0.05). Conclusion The level of AGE precursors was found to be significantly higher in diabetic patients than in the healthy control group. Although there was a significant decrease in AGE precursors when the HbA1c level fell in patients who followed anti-diabetic treatment and diabetes-appropriate diet recommendations, this decrease was at different rates in each patient, which demonstrated that the HbA1c level is not the only determinant of AGE level in plasma. It can be concluded that with appropriate diet and antidiabetic treatment, significant reductions can be obtained in several risk factors which increase the level of AGE precursors