Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-1 (S1P1) is expressed by lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and endothelium and modulated during inflammatory bowel disease

The sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-1 (S1P1) agonist ozanimod ameliorates ulcerative colitis, yet its mechanism of action is unknown. Here, we examine the cell subsets that express S1P1 in intestine using S1P1-eGFP mice, the regulation of S1P1 expression in lymphocytes after administration of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), after colitis induced by transfer of CD4+CD45RBhi cells, and by crossing a mouse with TNF-driven ileitis with S1P1-eGFP mice. We then assayed the expression of enzymes that regulate intestinal S1P levels, and the effect of FTY720 on lymphocyte behavior and S1P1 expression. We found that not only T and B cells express S1P1, but also dendritic (DC) and endothelial cells. Furthermore, chronic but not acute inflammatory signals increased S1P1 expression, while the enzymes that control tissue S1P levels in mice and humans with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) were uniformly dysregulated, favoring synthesis over degradation. Finally, we observed that FTY720 reduced T-cell velocity and induced S1P1 degradation and retention of Naïve but not effector T cells. Our data demonstrate that chronic inflammation modulates S1P1 expression and tissue S1P levels and suggests that the anti-inflammatory properties of S1PR agonists might not be solely due to their lymphopenic effects, but also due to potential effects on DC migration and vascular barrier function

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Not AvailableInvestigations were made from April 2004 to March 2005 in Coimbatore and Theni districts of Tamil Nadu to record the pest status of vanilla and their natural enemies. A total of seven arthropods, seven gastropods and two invertebrates were recorded as pests of vanilla. Out of 60 farms surveyed, only nine had the incidence of pest attack. Among the pests, white grubs and Giant African Snail were found to cause considerable damage to the vanilla plants, while others were not at economic levels. Among the natural enemies, parasitoids like Euplectrus sp., Glyptapanteles sp., Aprostocetus sp., Chelonus sp., and Uropoda mites were found to be associated with the pests of vanilla.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableA survey was conducted at major vanilla growing areas of Tamil Nadu to record the pest status of vanilla and their natural enemies. Investigations were made mainly in the vanilleries of Coimbatore and Theni districts. Out of 60 farms surveyed during ten months, only nine farms had the incidence of pest attack. A total of twelve arthropods were recorded as pests of vanilla. Almost all parts of vanilla plant viz., stem, leaf, flower, bud, roots, pods etc were found to be attacked. Among the pests, white grubs were found to cause considerable damage followed by vanilla bug and shoot and leaf webber, while others were not at the economic level. Among the natural enemies, parasitoids like Euplectrus sp., Glyptapanteles sp., Aprostocetus sp., Chelonus sp., and Uropoda mites were found to be associated with vanilla pests.Not Availabl

Fabrication of Planar Perovskite Solar Cells Using Ternary Metal Oxide Nanocomposite as Hole-Transporting Material

This work uses a hole-transporting copper cobaltite/copper oxide nanocomposite to fabricate carbon-based MAPbI3 PSCs. The copper cobaltite/copper oxide HTM-based PSC results show the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE = 7.32%) compared with an HTM-free device. The highest photocurrent density (Jsc = 15.17 mA/cm2), open-circuit voltage (Voc = 0.82 V), and fill factor (FF = 0.59) are achieved for the PSC fabricated with hydrothermally synthesized copper cobaltite/copper oxide nanocomposites. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is used to analyze the charge transfer resistance (Rs) and the capacitive behavior of copper cobaltite/copper oxide nanocomposite. The maximum electron lifetime of 35.16 μs is witnessed for the PSCs fabricated with 3 mg mL−1 of copper cobaltite/copper oxide (H1). The efficiency of the copper cobaltite/copper oxide-based PSC remains unchanged, showing no further perovskite layer degradation

SSR markers based identification of genetic variability of spiraling whitefly, <em>Aleurodicus</em> <em>dispersus</em> populations in Tamil Nadu, India

322-328The spiraling whitefly, Aleurodicus dispersus Russell (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), is a polyphagous and important pest of agricultural and horticultural crops in India. Despite its economic importance, little is known about the level and patterns of genetic variability in populations. In this study, we used the simple sequence repeats - polymerase chain reaction (SSR-PCR) technique to study the genetic diversity of spiraling whitefly populations from 18 districts of Tamil Nadu. About 54. 7% of alleles were polymorphic in A. dispersus populations from 18 districts. Our SSR study clearly detected moderate levels of polymorphism among the whitefly populations as multiple alleles were identified in many markers. The polymorphism information content (PIC) for SSR primers ranged from 0 to 1. Average genetic distances were estimated to investigate the level of DNA variation among 18 spiraling whitefly populations from 18 districts of Tamil Nadu. The highest average genetic distance (0.855) was found between populations from Tiruppur, Erode, Tiruchirappalli and Villupuram. An unweighted pair group method of arithematic-average (UPGMA) dendrogram constructed  based on similarity coefficients for the 18 A. dispersus populations from 18 districts of Tamil Nadu. The spiraling whitefly population from Pudukkottai was separated from those in the other 17 districts of Tamil Nadu