Centroids and derivations of associative algebras

In this paper we study centroids and derivations of associative algebras. Using a classification result of associative algebras, we describe the centroids and derivations of low-dimensional associative algebras. We review some properties of the centroids in the light of associative algebras and use these properties to categorize the algebras into having small and not small centroids. We also give a list of low-dimensional characteristically nilpotent associative algebras

Protecting wireless data transmission in mobile application systems using digital watermarking technique

There have been many cases of fake documents be used for important legal transactions. This includes the use of fake degrees or certificates during professional job applications either in private sectors or government related firms. Since many people are using smart phones currently, it is possible to have a mobile application system apps that can validate the correctness of legal documents or certificates in real time basis. The apps must be able to validate the certificate by confirming it with the data obtained from a registered database owned by relevant academic institutions. However, since these data require wireless transmissions which are vulnerable to data manipulations by hackers, this paper introduces a protection measure using encrypted elements of user authentication to watermark the transmitting data

On degenerations and invariants of low-dimensional complex nilpotent Leibniz algebras

Given two algebras and , if lies in the Zariski closure of the orbit , we say that is a degeneration of. We denote this by →. Degenerations (or contractions) were widely applied to a range of physical and mathematical point of view. The most well-known example oriented to the application on degenerations is limiting process from quantum mechanics to classical mechanics under ℏ → 0 that corresponds to the contraction of the Heisenberg algebras to the abelian ones of the same dimension. Research on degenerations of Lie, Leibniz and other classes of algebras are very active. Throughout the paper we are dealing with mathematical background with abstract algebraic structures. The present paper is devoted to the degenerations of low-dimensional nilpotent Leibniz algebras over the field of complex numbers. Particularly, we focus on the classification of three-dimensional nilpotent Leibniz algebras. List of invariance arguments are provided and its dimensions are calculated in order to find the possible degenerations between each pair of algebras. We show that for each possible degenerations, there exists construction of parameterized basis on parameter. We proof the non-degeneration case for mentioned classes of algebras by providing some reasons to reject the degenerations. As a result, we give complete list of degenerations and non-degenerations of low-dimensional complex nilpotent Leibniz algebras. In future research, from this result we can find its rigidity and irreducible components

(α, β, γ) - derivations of diassociative algebras

In this research we introduce a generalized derivations of diassociative algebras and study its properties. This generalization depends on some parameters. In this paper we specify all possible values of the parameters. We also provide all the generalized derivations of low-dimensional complex diassociative algebras

On isomorphism classes of a subclass of filiform Leibniz algebras in dimension 10

Some classes of filiform Leibniz algebras arising from the naturally graded non Lie filiform Leibniz algebras were introduced by Ayupov and Omirov in 2006. One of them is the first class of filiform Leibniz algebras and has been denoted by FLBn in fixed dimension n.Rakhimov and Bekbaev have suggested an approach of classifying FLBn based on algebraic invariants method. In terms of classification, it has been classified up to dimension 9 and the main purpose of this paper is to use method of invariants and apply to dimension 10. To complete this goal, we set up an isomorphism criterion, here we introduced some new functions to avoid big expressions involved in isomorphism criterion. From the criterion some lists of disjoint subsets from FLB10 are obtained. These disjoint subsets are represented as a union of parametric family of orbits or just single orbits. For parametric cases, the invariants will be given

Studies On Photocatalytic Degradation Of Phenol In Waste Water In A Batch Reactor.

Heterogeneous photocatalysis is a novel water purification method in the group of advanced oxidation technologies. A dimensionless mathematical model is developed for the photocatalytic degradation in a batch reactor

Properties of empty fruit bunches ash (EFBash) concrete / Mohd Amizan Mohamed @ Arifin and Assoc. Prof. Ir. Dr. Kartini Kamaruddin

Agricultural waste material that available to be used as a cement replacement in concrete mix is called Supplementary Cement Materials (SCM). One of the agricultural wastes that has potential to be used is the Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB). The EFBash offers advantages as SCM because it can prevent the environmental degradation and pollution. This ash will be tested with X- Ray Fluorescence Spectrophotometer (XRF) test to determine its chemical composition. The effects of using different percentages of EFBash replacement its compressive strength and durability will also be determined. For this research, the percentages of replacement of EFBash employed to cement (by weight) are 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 30%. The EFBash concrete of Grade 30 with 0.5, 0.55, 0.6 and 0.65 w/c ratios will be tested on its compressive strength and durability performance, i.e. by conducting compression test, permeability test and water absorption tests. The data will be taken from different ages i.e. 7, 14, 28, 60, 90 and 120 days. From this research, the optimum mix in achieving compressive strength and also the durability of EFBash concrete will be determined

A review of current trend on data management and quality in data communication

Data communication is one of the areas that can be explored by researchers in the current digital world. The aspects of data communication could be divided into several categories such as the acquisition, transmission, processing, storage, etc. This paper reviews some of the previously written papers related to enhancement in data communication technology published between 2007 and 2012 in IEEE Explorer, Science Publications and ACM. However, only 33 of the above papers are considered for this review. In this paper, data communication aspects are divided into three categories namely (a) data processing, (b) data transmission and (c) data monitoring and control. Based on the review, the current data management requires fast and quick processing, transmission and retrieval. This is due the the change of paradigm from centralized to mobile data storage and retrieval and also the volume of data that is always increasing that requires better and fast result for organizations. This paper presents the current trend of data management and quality in data communication. The challenge posed by current data communication advancement through emerging mobile device and application become new research opportunities for researchers to create or to improve current method of data processing and retrieval

The exponential variation of heated extending sheet in casson fluid flow

The mathematical model of the following case is developed: The magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) of Casson fluid flow with heated at the surface due to Newtonian heating. This study takes into account in a concentrated Casson fluid flow with existence of thermal radiation. Similarity transformation is used, to convert the governing equations (continuity, momentum, energy, mass diffusion equations) into ordinary differential equations (ODE). Later on, these ODE is determined by applying the finite-difference method. The profiles of velocity, temperature, concentration and concentration gradient are depicted for certain values of controlling parameters. The consenquences of the controlling parameters on the system are described in details