Le Dialogue de validation d'un schema conceptuel des donnees

Projet PSYCHO ERGORésumé disponible dans le fichier PD

Quel impact de l'entrée vocale sur la conception graphique d'un service mobile ?

Le développement d’interfaces multimodales bénéficiant de l’entrée vocale se traduira dans un certain nombre de cas par une évolution d’une conception graphique existante. Entre adaptation mineure et reconception totale, se pose la question de savoir quel impact une telle évolution sur l’existant peut avoir. Pour apporter des éléments de réponse à cette question, une expérience a été menée dans le cadre du projet européen Use-Me.Gov pour lequel on devait reconcevoir un service existant de diffusion d'information sur des événements municipaux en y ajoutant une entrée vocale. Cet article rapporte les principaux résultats de cette expérience ainsi que les enseignements que nous en avons tirés

Determinants of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus native bone and joint infection treatment failure: a retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Although methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) native bone and joint infection (BJI) constitutes the more frequent clinical entity of BJI, prognostic studies mostly focused on methicillin-resistant S. aureus prosthetic joint infection. We aimed to assess the determinants of native MSSA BJI outcomes. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study (2001-2011) of patients admitted in a reference hospital centre for native MSSA BJI. Treatment failure determinants were assessed using Kaplan-Meier curves and binary logistic regression. RESULTS: Sixty-six patients (42 males [63.6%]; median age 61.2 years; interquartile range [IQR] 45.9-71.9) presented an acute (n = 38; 57.6%) or chronic (n = 28; 42.4%) native MSSA arthritis (n = 15; 22.7%), osteomyelitis (n = 19; 28.8%) or spondylodiscitis (n = 32; 48.5%), considered as "difficult-to-treat" in 61 cases (92.4%). All received a prolonged (27.1 weeks; IQR, 16.9-36.1) combined antimicrobial therapy, after surgical management in 37 cases (56.1%). Sixteen treatment failures (24.2%) were observed during a median follow-up period of 63.3 weeks (IQR, 44.7-103.1), including 13 persisting infections, 1 relapse after treatment disruption, and 2 super-infections. Independent determinants of treatment failure were the existence of a sinus tract (odds ratio [OR], 5.300; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.166-24.103) and a prolonged delay to infectious disease specialist referral (OR, 1.134; 95% CI 1.013-1.271). CONCLUSIONS: The important treatment failure rate pinpointed the difficulty of cure encountered in complicated native MSSA BJI. An early infectious disease specialist referral is essential, especially in debilitated patients or in presence of sinus tract

Daptomycin > 6 mg/kg/day as salvage therapy in patients with complex bone and joint infection: cohort study in a regional reference center

Background: Even if daptomycin does not have approval for the treatment of bone and joint infections (BJI), the Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines propose this antibiotic as alternative therapy for prosthetic joint infection. The recommended dose is 6 mg/kg/d, whereas recent data support the use of higher doses in these patients.Methods: We performed a cohort study including consecutive patients that have received daptomycin >6 mg/kg/d for complex BJI between 2011 and 2013 in a French regional reference center. Factors associated with treatment failure were determined on univariate Cox analysis and Kaplan-Meier curves.Results: Forty-three patients (age, 61 ± 17 years) received a mean dose of 8 ± 0.9 mg/kg/d daptomycin, for a mean 81 ± 59 days (range, 6-303 days). Most had chronic (n = 37, 86 %) implant-associated (n = 37, 86 %) BJI caused by coagulasenegative staphylococci (n = 32, 74 %). A severe adverse event (SAE) occurred in 6 patients (14 %), including 2 cases of eosinophilic pneumonia, concomitant with daptomycin Cmin >24 mg/L. Outcome was favorable in 30 (77 %) of the 39 clinically assessable patients. Predictors for treatment failure were age, non-optimal surgery and daptomycin withdrawal for SAE.Conclusions: Prolonged high-dose daptomycin therapy was effective in patients with complex BJI. However, optimal surgery remains the cornerstone of medico-surgical strategy; and a higher incidence of eosinophilic pneumonia than expected was recorded

Les concessions d'exploitation forestière menacent-elles les tourbières en République démocratique du Congo ?

peer reviewed[No abstract available

Chapitre 6. Enjeux, rôles et limites d’une approche ergonomique de la conception de produits

ENJEUX D’UNE APPROCHE ERGONOMIQUE DE LA CONCEPTION Une approche ergonomique de la conception place l’utilisateur au cœur du processus et vise à assurer non seulement l’utilité du produit/service, mais aussi son utilisabilité, c’est-à-dire sa facilité d’apprentissage et d’utilisation. Cette approche centrée utilisateur (Norman et Draper, 1986) est fondamentalement participative, prenant en compte l’impossibilité des concepteurs de se mettre à la place des utilisateurs réels. Elle pousse en out..

Travail coopératif : le rôle des explications dans la construction d'une représentation partagé du problème

International audienceThis paper argues that the expression of explanation needs and explanatory dialogues may lead to an enrichment of the shared problem representation in cooperative work. This role of explanation is illustrated by empirical data stemming from three situations of cooperative work (design activities, reuse of past designs and application of checklists in the aeronautical domain). The function of explanations in cooperative work is then discussed from a conceptual perspective. It is argued that explanation is intended to modify the interpretive context, which is defined as a set of knowledge, beliefs and expectations used to apprehend the current work situation. The changes applied to the interpretive context correspond to a more or less global re-interpretation of the problem. Implications for the design of cooperative work settings enhancing mutual understanding are drawn from this discussion