De quelques catéchismes créoles anciens: oublis, pertes, disparitions, réapparitions, découvertes

Il existe, dans le très vaste domaine des études postcoloniales, des territoires contigus ou semblables qui connaissent des phénomènes communs mais aux histoires très différentes, sinon radicalement opposées : tels les catéchismes - en langues romanes - fruit de la colonisation. Plus précisément, à l’histoire des catéchismes issus de la colonisation hispano-américaine, s’oppose l’histoire des catéchismes issus de la colonisation française, de l’Amérique et d’ailleurs. Ces derniers arrivent un siècle et demi environ après les espagnols et se manifestent de tout autre manière ; différents en sont l’époque, la scène et les acteurs : les destinateurs mais surtout les destinataires. Ce travail se propose de retracer l’histoire souvent aventureuse des plus anciens catéchismes des colonies ou ex-colonies françaises de la Caraïbe et de l’Océan Indien ; écrits en créole ou, parfois, en d’autres langues autochtones, ils constituent aussi des témoignages linguistiques absolument précieux. Rédigés généralement sur place, mais non toujours publiés, leur histoire est faite d’oublis, pertes, disparitions, réapparitions et découvertes. - - - In the wide field of postcolonial studies, there exist related or similar areas whose stories are nevertheless very different, if not indeed opposed. This is the case of catechisms in Romance languages (or of Romance origin), outcomes of European colonization. In particular, contradictions between the history of catechisms from Hispanic-American colonization and the catechisms produced by French colonization, in America and elsewhere. The latter appear a century and a half after the Spanish texts, and exhibit completely distinct characteristics: different periods, settings, actors, and especially recipients. I set out to recount the often adventurous history of the oldest catechisms in the French colonies, or ex-colonies, of the Caribbean and the Indian Ocean. Written in Creole or sometimes other indigenous languages, they are precious linguistic records. Compiled in the colonies, but not always published, these texts are often forgotten, lost, misplaced, resurfaced, discovered

Цветэ тэрэн, а листьев не мае

Цветэ тэрэн, а листьев не мае, / Кто з любовью не знается, / Той гора не знае. / А я молода дивчина, / Дай гора познала. / Вечераньки не доела, / Ночку не доспала. / Не доспала, не доспала / И не буду спаты

Synthesis and antimalarial evaluation of amide and urea derivatives based on the thiaplakortone A natural product scaffold

A series of amide (8-32, 40-45) and urea (33, 34, 36-39) analogues based on the thiaplakortone A natural product scaffold were synthesised and screened for in vitro antimalarial activity against chloroquine-sensitive (3D7) and chloroquine- and mefloquine-resistant (Dd2) Plasmodium falciparum parasite lines. Several analogues displayed potent inhibition of P. falciparum growth (IC50 100). Two of these compounds, 8 and 33, exhibited good aqueous solubility and metabolic stability, and when administered subcutaneously to mice (32 mg kg-1), plasma concentrations remained above 0.2 μM for at least 8 h. Both 8 and 33 were well tolerated in mice after subcutaneous administration of 32 mg kg-1 twice daily for 4 days. Using this regimen blood stage P. berghei was suppressed by 52% for 8 and 26% for 33, relative to the vehicle control

Solving the Supply of Resveratrol Tetramers from Papua New Guinean Rainforest <i>Anisoptera</i> Species That Inhibit Bacterial Type III Secretion Systems

The supply of (−)-hopeaphenol (<b>1</b>) was achieved via enzymatic biotransformation in order to provide material for preclinical investigation. High-throughput screening of a prefractionated natural product library aimed to identify compounds that inhibit the bacterial virulence type III secretion system (T3SS) identified several fractions derived from two Papua New Guinean <i>Anisoptera</i> species, showing activity against <i>Yersinia pseudotuberculosis</i> outer proteins E and H (YopE and YopH). Bioassay-directed isolation from the leaves of <i>A. thurifera</i>, and similarly <i>A</i>. <i>polyandra</i>, resulted in three known resveratrol tetramers, (−)-hopeaphenol (<b>1</b>), vatalbinoside A (<b>2</b>), and vaticanol B (<b>3</b>). Compounds <b>1</b>–<b>3</b> displayed IC₅₀ values of 8.8, 12.5, and 9.9 μM in a luminescent reporter-gene assay (YopE) and IC₅₀ values of 2.9, 4.5, and 3.3 μM in an enzyme-based YopH assay, respectively, which suggested that they could potentially act against the T3SS in <i>Yersinia</i>. The structures of <b>1</b>–<b>3</b> were confirmed through a combination of spectrometric, chemical methods, and single-crystal X-ray structure determinations of the natural product <b>1</b> and the permethyl ether analogue of <b>3</b>. The enzymatic hydrolysis of the β-glycoside <b>2</b> to the aglycone <b>1</b> was achieved through biotransformation using the endogenous leaf enzymes. This significantly enhanced the yield of the target bioactive natural product from 0.08% to 1.3% and facilitates ADMET studies of (−)-hopeaphenol (<b>1</b>)