Sensitivity of soil phosphorus tests in predicting the potential risk of phosphorus loss from pasture soil

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of urine and dung additions on the phosphorus (P) chemistry of pasture land and to compare the sensitivity of two soil extraction methods in assessing the P-loading risk. In a field experiment, urine and dung were added to soil in amounts corresponding to single excrement portions and the soil samples, taken at certain intervals, were analysed for pHH2O, acid ammonium acetate extractable P (PAc) and water extractable total P (TPw), and molybdate reactive P (MRPw). Urine additions immediately increased soil pH and MRPw, but no such response was observed in PAc extraction due to the low pH (4.65) of the extractant enhancing the resorption of P. The PAc responded to the dunginduced increase in soil total P similarly as did Pw, which suggests that both tests can serve to detect areas of high P concentration. However, water extraction was a more sensitive method for estimating short-term changes in P solubility. In pasture soils, the risk of P loss increases as a result of the interaction of urination and high P concentration in the topsoil resulting from continuous dung excretion

AN AIR POLLUTION EPISODE CAUSED BY REGIONALLY TRANSPORTED SMOKE IN FINLAND ON 21 AUG 2006: A CASE STUDY USING MESOSCALE NWP MODEL

The purpose of this study is to identify the prevailing synoptic and mesoscale conditions related to severe air quality episode in Finland utilizing AROME mesoscale NWP model. The summer of 2006 was exceptionally dry in the areas surrounding the Gulf of Finland; this resulted in frequently occurring wild land fires, especially in north-western part of Russia and Estonia. Easterly winds were prevailing with an exceptional long period in August and spread occasionally smoke to Finland. Mesoscale phenomena, such as sea breeze and low-level jet (LLJ) have been identified to play a significant role on 21st of August 2006. A high model resolution is needed to catch these phenomena

AN AIR POLLUTION EPISODE CAUSED BY REGIONALLY TRANSPORTED SMOKE IN FINLAND ON 21 AUG 2006: A CASE STUDY USING MESOSCALE NWP MODEL

The purpose of this study is to identify the prevailing synoptic and mesoscale conditions related to severe air quality episode in Finland utilizing AROME mesoscale NWP model. The summer of 2006 was exceptionally dry in the areas surrounding the Gulf of Finland; this resulted in frequently occurring wild land fires, especially in north-western part of Russia and Estonia. Easterly winds were prevailing with an exceptional long period in August and spread occasionally smoke to Finland. Mesoscale phenomena, such as sea breeze and low-level jet (LLJ) have been identified to play a significant role on 21st of August 2006. A high model resolution is needed to catch these phenomena

Aivolisäkekasvainten hoito

English summaryPeer reviewe

Operationalising communication rights : the case of a “digital welfare state”

Academic debates tend focus on attempts to codify and promote communication rights at the global level. This article provides a model to analyse communication rights at a national level by operationalising four rights: access, availability, dialogical rights, and privacy. It highlights specific cases of digitalisation in Finland, a country with an impressive record as a promoter of internet access and digitalised public services. The article shows how national policy decisions may support economic goals rather than communication rights, and how measures to realise rights by digital means may not always translate into desired outcomes, such as inclusive participation in decision-making.Peer reviewe

Molecular alterations in pediatric brainstem gliomas

BackgroundDiffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs) have a dismal prognosis. Previously, diagnosis was based on a typical clinical presentation and magnetic resonance imaging findings. After the start of the era of biopsies, DIPGs bearing H3 K27 mutations have been reclassified into a novel entity, diffuse midline glioma, based on the presence of this molecular alteration. However, it is not well established how clinically diagnosed DIPG overlap with H3 K27-mutated diffuse midline gliomas, and whether rare long-term survivors also belong to this group. MethodsWe studied tumor samples obtained at diagnosis or upon autopsy from 23 children, including two long-term survivors. Based on clinical, radiological, and histological findings, all tumors were previously diagnosed as DIPGs. All samples were analyzed for genetic alterations by next-generation sequencing (NGS) and for protein expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC). ResultsH3 K27 was mutated in NGS or IHC in 20 patients, excluding both long-term survivors. One of these long-term survivors harbored a mutation in IDH1, formerly considered to be an alteration absent in pediatric diffuse brainstem gliomas. Other altered genes in NGS included TP53 (10 patients), MET and PDGFRA (3 patients each), VEGFR and SMARCA4 (2 patients each), and PPAR, PTEN and EGFR in 1 patient, respectively. IHC revealed cMYC expression in 15 of 24 (63%) of all samples, exclusively in the biopsies. ConclusionsEighty-seven percent of the tumors formerly diagnosed as DIPGs could be reclassified as H3 K27-mutated diffuse midline gliomas. Both long-term survivors lacked this alteration. Contrary to former conceptions, IDH1 mutations may occur also in pediatric brainstem gliomas.Peer reviewe

Narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy improves quality of life of psoriasis and atopic dermatitis patients up to 3 months : Results from an observational multicenter study

Background/Purpose Narrowband UVB phototherapy is a common treatment modality in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, but evidence of its actual effect in clinical setting is sparse. Our aim was to assess the effectiveness and costs of narrowband UVB phototherapy in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis in clinical setting. Methods We observed 207 psoriasis patients and 144 atopic dermatitis patients in eight centers. SAPASI, PO-SCORAD, and VAS measures were used at baseline, at the end, and 3 months after the narrowband UVB phototherapy course. Quality of life was measured using Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), and costs were assessed using a questionnaire. Results In both psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, the DLQI and Self-Administrated PASI (SAPASI)/Patient-Oriented SCORAD (PO-SCORAD) improved significantly and the results remained improved for at least 3 months in both groups. Alleviation of pruritus correlated with better quality of life in both patient groups. We reported slight redness and burning side effects which were due to lack of MED testing. Self-administered tools proved to be useful in evaluating pruritus and severity of the disease in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. Mean patient costs were 310 euro and 21 hours of time, and mean costs for the healthcare provider were 810 euro. Conclusion In psoriasis, narrowband UVB is a very efficient treatment in clinical setting, whereas in atopic dermatitis, more studies are needed to determine the best dosage.Peer reviewe

Sulfaattimailla syntyvän happaman kuormituksen ennakointi- ja hallintamenetelmät – SuHE-hankkeen loppuraportti

Tutkimuksen päätavoitteina oli (1) selvittää sulfidisedimenttien esiintymisalueilla sijaitsevien turvetuotantoalueiden maaperän kuivatuksen aiheuttamaa valumavesien happamuus-kuormitusriskiä, (2) kehittää menetelmiä happamien kuormituspulssien ennakointiin ja seurantaan, (3) kehittää menetelmiä happaman kuormituksen neutralointiin ja (4) tarkastella jälkikäyttömahdollisuuksia happamilla sulfaattimailla sijaitsevilla turvetuotantoalueilla. Maaperän kuivatuksen aiheuttamaa riskiä valumavesien happamoitumiselle tutkittiin 15 turvetuotantoalueelta mm. maaperä- ja vesinäytteiden avulla. Turvetuotantoalueilta lähtevän veden laatua mitattiin jatkuvatoimisesti pH- ja/tai sähkönjohtavuusantureilla sekä käyntien yhteydessä kenttämittauksin ja vesianalyysein. Happamien kuormituspulssien ennakointia varten seurattiin myös pohjavedenpinnankorkeuksia sekä sadantaa. Happamien valumavesien neutraloinnissa testattiin isossa mittakaavassa alivirtaamaputkella varustettuja suodinpatoja sekä pienessä koossa mm. neutralointikaivoa ja kippaavaa neutralointilaitteistoa. Jälkikäyttömahdollisuuksien soveltuvuutta selvitettiin 12 tuotannosta poistuneelta alueella mm. maastokartoituksin. Hankkeen koekohteet sijaitsivat pääasiassa Pohjois-Pohjanmaan tai Lapin alueilla. Tutkittujen turvetuotantoalueiden maaperässä ei havaittu merkittäviä hapettuneita sulfidisedimenttikerroksia ja hapan vesistökuormitus oli melko pientä verrattuna maassa piilevään potentiaaliseen kuormitukseen. Jatkuvatoimisesta vedenlaadun seurannasta oli hyötyä kohteilla, joilla vedenlaatu vaihteli paljon. Pohjavedenpintoja ja sadantaennusteita seuraamalla voitiin karkeasti ennakoida happamien kuormituspulssien esiintymistä ja neutralointitarvetta. Testatut neutralointiratkaisut neutraloivat vesiä. Nykyistä tehokkaampi maankuivatus ja -muokkaus voi pahentaa näiden alueiden maaperän happamoitumista ja lisätä hapanta vesistökuormitusta. Suurimman happamuuskuormitusriskin alueilla suositeltavimpia jälkikäyttömuotoja ovat soistaminen tai muu vesitysmuoto sekä luontainen kasvittuminen

Genetic susceptibility of intervertebral disc degeneration among young Finnish adults

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Disc degeneration (DD) is a common condition that progresses with aging. Although the events leading to DD are not well understood, a significant genetic influence has been found. This study was undertaken to assess the association between relevant candidate gene polymorphisms and moderate DD in a well-defined and characterized cohort of young adults. Focusing on young age can be valuable in determining genetic predisposition to DD.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We investigated the associations of existing candidate genes for DD among 538 young adults with a mean age of 19 belonging to the 1986 Northern Finland Birth Cohort. Nineteen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in 16 genes were genotyped. We evaluated lumbar DD using the modified Pfirrmann classification and a 1.5-T magnetic resonance scanner for imaging.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Of the 538 individuals studied, 46% had no degeneration, while 54% had DD and 51% of these had moderate DD. The risk of DD was significantly higher in subjects with an allele G of <it>IL6 </it>SNPs rs1800795 (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.07-1.96) and rs1800797 (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.02-1.85) in the additive inheritance model. The role of <it>IL6 </it>was further supported by the haplotype analysis, which resulted in an association between the GGG haplotype (SNPs rs1800797, rs1800796 and rs1800795) and DD with an OR of 1.51 (95% CI 1.11-2.04). In addition, we observed an association between DD and two other polymorphisms, <it>SKT </it>rs16924573 (OR 0.27 95% CI 0.07-0.96) and <it>CILP </it>rs2073711 in women (OR 2.04, 95% CI 1.07-3.89).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our results indicate that <it>IL6</it>, <it>SKT </it>and <it>CILP </it>are involved in the etiology of DD among young adults.</p