Suplementação para bovinos em pastejo no período de transição águas-seca: variáveis nutricionais Suplementation for steers on pasture during the transition phase between the rainy and the dry periods

Objetivou-se avaliar suplementos múltiplos formulados com diferentes fontes de proteína fornecidos a bovinos no período de transição águas/seca na base de 0,4% PV (1,0kg/dia). Utilizaram-se os tratamentos a base de: farelo de soja e farelo de trigo, farelo de trigo e ureia, farelo de algodão (38% de PB), farelo de trigo, farelo de algodão (38% de PB) e,ureia e o tratamento testemunha. As variáveis nutricionais foram avaliadas em cinco novilhos com idade e peso médios iniciais de 17 meses e 249kg, fistulados no esôfago e no rúmen, distribuídos em cinco piquetes de 0,3 hectare, com disponibilidade média de forragem de 2.290kg/ha durante o experimento. O delineamento estatístico utilizado foi quadrado latino 5x5 incompleto. O teor de proteína bruta da forragem coletada via extrusa, foi em média 10,28%. A suplementação, de modo geral, proporcionou aumento no consumo de MS, sem afetar o consumo de MS de pasto ou consumo de fibra em detergente neutro. A digestibilidade da MS encontrada para o tratamento a base de farelo de soja e trigo foi superior à do tratamento com farelo de algodão, com 38% de proteína e ao testemunha. O valor médio do pH foi 6,42. A concentração de N-NH3 ruminal foi maior para os tratamentos farelo de trigo e ureia, farelo de soja e trigo, farelo de algodão, trigo e ureia em relação ao tratamento com farelo de algodão (38% de PB), que foi maior que o testemunha. Os valores encontrados para NDTobs foram superiores aos do NDTest para todos os tratamentos.Supplements with different protein sources were evaluated during the transition phase between the rainy and the dry seasons. The supplements were supplied in base of 0.4 % LW (1.0kg per day). The following treatments were used: soybean meal and wheat meal, wheat meal and urea, cottonseed meal 38% of CP, cottonseed meal 38%, soybean meal and urea and control. The nutritional parameters were evaluated in five steers with initial average weight and age of 249Kg and 17 months respectively, fistulated in the esophagus and in the rumen, distributed in five paddocks of 0.3 hectares. The statistical design was incomplete 5X5 Latin Square. The supplementation in general provided increase in the DM intake in kg/day or in relation to LW not affecting the intake of pasture DM or of NDF. The digestibility of the DM found in the soybean meal and wheat was superior to cottonseed meal with 38% of CP and control. The average for pH was 6.42. The ruminal concentration of N-NH3 was higher for treatments whit wheat bran and urea, wheat and soybean meal, cottonseed meal, wheat and urea in relation to treatment with cottonseed meal (38% CP). The found values for TDNobs were higher than TDNest for all treatments including control

Rumen degradation and passage kinetics of silage made from different corn hybrids

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the parameters related to the digestion of the fiber from silages of four corn hybrids (BX1280, SHS4070, 2B433, and DKB390) developed for silage production. Four rumen-cannulated castrated Holstein × Zebu crossbred cattle with approximate initial weight of 400 kg were distributed in a Latin square design. To determine the fiber passage rate and degradability, the techniques of chromium-mordant and in situ incubation of the neutral detergent fiber of the silages in nylon bags were used. The profiles of concentration of the marker in the feces were described by the generalized two-compartment model. Corn hybrid DKB390 is the most indicated for production of better-quality silages, because its fiber is more degradable in the rumen as compared with the other hybrids tested

Temozolomide Resistance in Glioblastoma by NRF2: Protecting the Evil

The transcription factor NRF2 is constitutively active in glioblastoma, a highly aggressive brain tumor subtype with poor prognosis. Temozolomide (TMZ) is the primary chemotherapeutic agent for this type of tumor treatment, but resistance to this drug is often observed. This review highlights the research that is demonstrating how NRF2 hyperactivation creates an environment that favors the survival of malignant cells and protects against oxidative stress and TMZ. Mechanistically, NRF2 increases drug detoxification, autophagy, DNA repair, and decreases drug accumulation and apoptotic signaling. Our review also presents potential strategies for targeting NRF2 as an adjuvant therapy to overcome TMZ chemoresistance in glioblastoma. Specific molecular pathways, including MAPKs, GSK3β, βTRCP, PI3K, AKT, and GBP, that modulate NRF2 expression leading to TMZ resistance are discussed, along with the importance of identifying NRF2 modulators to reverse TMZ resistance and develop new therapeutic targets. Despite the significant progress in understanding the role of NRF2 in GBM, there are still unanswered questions regarding its regulation and downstream effects. Future research should focus on elucidating the precise mechanisms by which NRF2 mediates resistance to TMZ, and identifying potential novel targets for therapeutic intervention

Yield and quality of silage of maize hybrids

The objective of this research was to identify the potential of maize hybrids for the production of silage. Hybrids 1671B, 2B433, 20A78, SHS4070, BX1280 and DKB390 were tested in a randomized block design with three replications. The hybrids yields were evaluated (average plant height, height of ear insertion, number of broken and lodged plants/ha, leaf:stem and ear:plant ratio and production of of DM, CP and TDN/ha). There was no difference between hybrids for the variables studied, except for the height of ear insertion. With respect to chemical characteristics, N-NH3/NT organic acids, and pH, there was also no difference between cultivars and hybrid silages are rated as of very good quality

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora